IOSR-JBM   Volume-15 ~ Issue-1 ~ Nov-Dec-2013

Abstract: The present study is focused on students' attitude towards their piggy bank money that is pocket money and its management. Through this study, efforts are made to achieve the objectives of understanding how do students consume their pocket money, their investments practices, factors affecting their investment decisions etc. For the achievement of above mentioned objectives, survey research methodology is followed and primary data is collected and used. With the help of purposive sampling technique, a sample of 100 students (50 male and 50 female) from Lovely Professional University, Phagwara is selected who invest although small amount of money but on regular basis. A structured questionnaire is used to collect the required data from the sample respondents and the data is analyzed by using statistical tools like Graphs, Positional Measures and Factor Analysis applied with the help of SPSS.

Keywords: Behavioral Finance, Investment Behavior, Investors, Piggy Bank, Pocket Money,.

[1]. Brahmbhatt, Rajhu, P.S., & Malekar, S. A study of Investor Behavior of Investment Avenues in Mumbai Fenil, TRANS, Asian Journal of Marketing & Management Research, 2012, Vol. 1, Issue 1.
[2]. Bhatt, K. A. & Bhatt, K. Effects of Investor Occupation and Education on Choice of Investment: An Empirical Study in India, International Journal of Finance, 2012, Vol. 29, No. 4.
[3]. Chandra, A. Individual Investors' Trading Behavior and Competence Effect, ICFAI Journal Of Behavioral Finance, 2009, Vol.6, No. 1, pp 56-70
[4]. Chandra, A. & Kumar, R. Determinants of Individual Investor Behavior: An Orthogonal Linear Transformation Approach, MPRA, Munich University Library Germany, 2011.
[5]. Gaur, A., Julee, & Sukhija, S. Difference in Gender Attitude in Investment Decision Making in India, Journal of Finance & Accounting, 2011, Vol. 2, No. 12.
[6]. Kabra, G., Mishra, P. K. & Dash, M. K. Factors Influencing Investment Decision of Generations in India- An Econometric Study, Asian Journal of Management Research, 2010, pp 308-326.
[7]. Kalra, S. S. Demographic and Socio-Economic Determinants of Financial satisfaction- A Study of Sec A Segment of Individual Investors in India, International Journal Of Social Economics, 2013, Vol. 40, Issue 2, pp127-150.
[8]. Miller, D., Groneman, H. N. Slocombe, T. & Barbara, R. Students Perspectives towards Key Personal Finance Variables, The Delta Pi Epsilon Journal, 2010, Vol. 2, No. 3.
[9]. Ozgen, O. & Bayoglu, A. S. Turkish College Students' Attitudes towards Money, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 2005.
[10]. Osman, S. & Fah, B. C. Y. Simulation of Sales Promotion towards Buying Behavior among University Students, International Journal of Marketing Studies, 2011, Vol. 3, No. 3.

Abstract: Generic Competitive Strategy: Basically, strategy is about two things: deciding where you want your business to go, and deciding how to get there. A more complete definition is based on competitive advantage, the object of most corporate strategy: "Competitive advantage grows out of value a firm is able to create for its buyers that exceeds the firm's cost of creating it. Value is what buyers are willing to pay, and superior value stems from offering lower prices than competitors for equivalent benefits or providing unique benefits that more than offset a higher price. There are two basic types of competitive advantage: cost leadership and differentiation." Michael Porter Competitive strategies involve taking offensive or defensive actions to create a defendable position in the industry. Generic strategies can help the organization to cope with the five competitive forces in the industry and do better than other organization in the industry. Generic strategies include 'overall cost leadership', 'differentiation', and 'focus'. Generally firms pursue only one of the above generic strategies. However some firms make an effort to pursue only one of the above generic strategies. However some firms make an effort to pursue more than one strategy at a time by bringing out a differentiated product at low cost. Though approaches like these are successful in short term, they are hardly sustainable in the long term. If firms try to maintain cost leadership as well as differentiation at the same time, they may fail to achieve either.

Keywords: Differentiated, Imitation, Innovation, Efficiency, Merchandising, and Sustainable.

[1]. Porter, Michael, Competitive Advantage, The Free Press, NY, 1985.
[2]. Porter, Michael, "What is strategy?" Harvard Business Review v74, n6 (Nov-Dec, 1996):61 (18 pages).
[3]. Treacy, M., F. Wiersema, The Discipline of Market Leaders, Addison-Wesley, 1995.
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[8]. www.icmrindia.org/casestudies

Abstract: The luxury concept has throughout history played an important role in social life by being a clear indicator of knowledge and social class which has not changed at present but only becoming catchier. Today, the demand for luxury brands is ever increasing and brand offering is continuously on the rise.The luxury market is expanding rapidly in India on the back of economic deregulation, fast GDP growth, wealth (re)generation, increasing per capita consumption, and a growing young working population. Wealthy Indians represent a source of enormous potential for global luxury brands. . India would have more than double the number of HNIs to 403,000 by 2015 from 153,000 in 2010 and communication media have put luxury in the public eye. India's luxury market is expected to reach $14.72 billion by 2015 from an estimated $8.21 billion this year, with about 30% of the customers coming from smaller cities, according to a recent report by ASSOCHAM and Yes Bank. This descriptive and conceptual paper looks at the ingredients of a luxury brand and how to market them. The paper goes on to discuss several luxury brands in India, meaning of luxury for Indian and behaviour of closet consumers This paper also analyses the Luxury market Scenario in India, and explains how the Luxury Market is yet to achieve its boom.

Keywords: INDIA, LUXURY, LUXURY BRANDS, CLOSET CONSUMERS, SOCIO-CULTURAL VALUES.

[1] Department Of Industrial Policy & Promotion, Government of India, 2012.

[2] India Boarding, TCS Report, 2013 [3] India Luxury Review, CII-AT Kearney Report, 2011

[4] Luxury Goods Worldwide Market Study, Bain and Company, 2013.

[5] Ten most valuable global luxury brands, BrandZ MillwardBrown report, 2013. [

6] The Changing Face of luxury in India, CII-IMRB report, 2013

[7] The India Luxury Summit, ASSOCHAM and Yes Bank, 2012.

[8] Understanding China's Growing Love for Luxury, Shanghai, McKinsey, 2011.

[9] World Wealth Report, Capgemini and RBC Wealth Management, 2013.

[10] Ahya, C., Roots of Recovery. The Economic Times, January21, 2013.

Abstract: This research is based on phenomenon of a work motivation of higher education administration employee in Manado State University. It's interesting to study the effect of leadership on the work motivation of higher education administration employee. These researches was conducted in Manado State University in Tondano City. This research uses quantitative method applying a survey approach. Respondents are education administration employees in Manado State University with 55 respondents. This research result the hypothesis, can be said according to the hypotesis leadership had a significant effect on work motivation. It can been seen in α below 0,05 or below 5%. That indicate that hypotesis one accepted or relationship between leadership and work motivation is significant in this research. Leadership affectcs employee work motivation. That is, leadership to work motivation in higher education employee especially in Manado State University Tondano, North Sulawesi Indonesia. Leadership is useful to motivate employee work in the organization especially in higher education or university organization.

Keywords: Leadership, Work Motivation, Employee, Higher Education Administration

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Abstract: An understanding of consumer behavior based on the traditional Western nuclear family (husband, wife and unmarried children) model is not enough to handle marketing on a global scale or to interpret changes at home. The number of other factors influence purchase and who they are can vary as can the type of decision making, which may be allocable, stressing individual responsibility. This article re-examines our basic assumptions and then considers marketing under alternative family scenarios extended families, further familial shrinkage, and more participatory decision-making. Past research has presented conflicting evidence regarding the effect of time between purchases on consumer brand choice. This study investigates the time effect on brand purchase probabilities after homogenizing the data with respect to store switching, size of purchase, and frequency of the product purchase. Two exponential models have been proposed and their over-all effectiveness compared with a naive model. The contribution of the study is in building a realistic model of consumer purchase choice by incorporating the elements of the marketing environment. The project was given to determine the process of brand choice decision in Indian urban families. Research on family decision making has been largely confined to spouses, who have been considered as the relevant decision making unit in a family.

Keywords: Brand choice decision, marketing.

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Abstract: Inventory Classification is very important to manage inventory efficiently. Popular concept - Importance and Exception (CIE) is employed to ensure that efficiency is maximized with least effort .For inventory optimization and Inventory Forecasting, products need to be classified appropriately. There are several methods used for categorization of products and items in inventory. Most common classification used is the Pareto Analysis. The focus of this paper is to check if some assumptions for ABC Analysis are taken for granted.

[1] Mitchell A. Millstein, Liu Yang, Haitao Li, Optimizing ABC Inventory Grouping Decisions, International Journal of Production Economics November 2013.
[2] Davood Mohammaditabara, Seyed Hassan Ghodsypoura, Chris O'Brienb, Inventory Control System Design By Integrating Inventory Classification And Policy Selection, International Journal of Production Economics, Volume 140, Issue 2, December 2012, Pages 655–659
[3] Ching-Wu Chu, Gin-Shuh Liang, Chien-Tseng Liao, Controlling Inventory by Combining ABC Analysis and Fuzzy Classifications, Computers & Industrial Engineering. Volume 55, issue 4, November 2008, pages 841–851
[4] Leonieke G. Zomerdijk, Jan de Vries, An organizational perspective on inventory control: Theory and a case study, International Journal of Production Economics 81–82 (2003) 173–183
[5] S.A. Torabi , S.M. Hatefi, B. Saleck Pay, Abc Inventory Classification In The Presence Of Both Quantitative And Qualitative Criteria, Computers & Industrial Engineering 63, (2012) 530–537
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Abstract: Internet has conquered the world and strongly modified people's habits. Every single individual is somehow affected by this communication and information channel. In Cote d'Ivoire, its development is still slow and will be difficult to achieve if efforts are not multiplied through sustainable information, learning and training programs. Indeed we conducted a study to assess the familiarity of Ivorian high schools' students with the innovation tool. We discovered that Ivorian pupils' use of internet is acceptable but their understanding and knowledge of it are highly questionable because they hide profound cases of ignorance and prejudices that appear to be significant impediments for an efficient leverage. Our paper then invites actors of education to create a favorable environment for internet development and promotion through education and sensitizing. But this also is only possible if infrastructures and equipments' costs are adequately revised downward.

Keywords: Infrastructures Development, Internet Education, Internet Knowledge, Ivorian Pupils

[1]. E. E. A. Kouassi (2013). Fostering Sustainability to Promote Sciences in High Schools of Cote d'Ivoire. International Journal of Education and Research, Vol. 1 No. 9 September 2013. ISSN: 2201-6333 (Print) ISSN: 2201-6740 (Online). Available on http://www.ijern.com/September-2013.php
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Abstract: The study aims to provide empirical evidence on the agency costs hypothesis which suggests that increase of leverage may reduce agency costs. Multivariate tests have been employed in this study. The multivariate test tries to reveal the general relationship between leverage and agency costs which is usually negative. The study further tries to assess whether agency costs are significantly different when a firm has a relatively higher debt to asset ratio from when it is less leveraged. Similar supporting evidence is found for the agency costs hypothesis. Keywords: Agency Cost, Leverage, Multivariate Test.

[1]. Alvarez, H.; J. Virtanen, (2006), A class of solvable stochastic dividend optimization problems: on the general impact of flexibility on valuation, Economic Theory, 28 , pp373-398.
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Abstract: Globalization is generally defined as the process of integration of nations resulting from the transaction of world views, products, ideas, and many other aspects of culture. One particular development, arising from the advancing globalization, is the way countries are seeking cooperation with other countries of the world. Because of the highly developed means of communication, countries are seeking economic stability through diplomatic relationships. Economic diplomacy is traditionally defined as the decision and policy-making and advocating of business interests of a state. Economic diplomacy requires application of technical expertise that analyzes the effects of one's own and another country's economic situation on its political climate.

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Abstract: Customer satisfaction, a term frequently used in marketing, is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. Customer satisfaction is defined as "the number of customers, or percentage of total customers, whose reported experience with a firm, its products, or its services (ratings) exceeds specified satisfaction goals."Banking in India originated in the last decades of the 18th century. The first banks were The General Bank of India, NOW which started in 1786, and Bank of Hindustan , which started in 1790; both are now defunct. The oldest bank in existence in India is the State Bank of India , which originated in the Bank of Calcutta in June 1806, which almost immediately became the Bank of Bengal. This was one of the three presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay and the Bank of Madras , all three of which were established under charters from the British East India Company. For many years the Presidency banks acted as quasi-central banks, as did their successors. The three banks merged in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India.

[1]. Personnel Management -- Mamoria, C.B.,Himalaya Publications, 21st edition,2001.
[2]. Personnel and Human Resource Management –P.Subba Rao, Himalaya Publications,2008.
[3]. Marketing Management –Philip Kotler,13th Edition.
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[5]. M. Kailash, A Study on Customer Satisfaction with Service Quality in Indian Public and Private Sector Banks: Golden Research Thoughts (March 2012)
[6]. Hummayoun Naeem, Asma Akram and M. Iqbal Saif, 'Service Quality and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction: An Empirical Evidence from The Pakistani Banking Sector', International Business & Economics Research Journal –December 2009 Volume 8, Number 12 pp. 99-104

Abstract: The present study identifies major factors affecting consumption of edible oil in Pakistan. Data was collected from the primary. Edible oil industry has grown an impressive rate in Pakistan over the last three decades. Despite an increase in the domestic production a large portion of foreign exchange is still spent on the import of edible oil. Edible oil is main component of the food in Pakistan and is a key ingredient of household food consumption. Many factors affecting consumption of edible oil in Pakistan include: Increase in income, population growth, urbanization, brands liking and disliking. The results from the primary data suggested that price, income, family size and monthly income significantly affected consumption function of ghee and oil. It is suggested that edible oil prices should be reduced to a certain level so that fair majority of people residing in the country may also use in their food stuff as it is better from the health point of view.

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Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual analysis of group culture and work behavior in the health tourism hospitals. This paper applies social information processing theory to propose the research framework of group culture and work behavior. Our conceptual analysis suggests that individuals who work in an organization with group culture are more likely to engage in excellent work behavior whereas individuals who work in an organization without group culture are less likely to engage in excellent work behavior. Given that work behavior has become an important topic in the health tourism hospitals; this paper proposes a theoretical framework to serve as a basis for future research and also offers practical implications to the healthcare managers.

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