IOSR-JBM   Volume-2 ~ Issue-5 ~ Jul-Aug-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Emerging Urban Co-Operative Banks (Ucbs) In India: Problems and Prospects
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr.K.V.S.N Jawahar Babu, B.Muniraja Selkhar
	:	10.9790/487X-0250105

Abstract: Urban Co-operative banking Sector is an important constituent of Multi Agency banking system operation in the country. These institutions play an important role in the economic enlistment of lower and middle-income group of persons. The Reserve Bank of India in its annual report on trends and progress in banking states that urban banks are important purveyors of credit to small borrowers and to weak sections of the society but is not coming out with any supportive policies that will strengthen the role of UCBs.

[1]. Report of the Expert committee on Licensing of New Urban Co-Operative Banks 2011
[2]. Report of the committee on UCBs, R.B.I., Bombay, 1979
[3]. Dr. P. Payalvannan Structural Reforms-implications on UCB's, Journal cooperative perspective Jan-June -1997.
[4]. R.B.I Report
[5]. Jagadiesh Capoor UCB's Problems and Prospectus. Journal Urban Credit June- 2000.
[6]. Mukunda. M. Chikale UCB's Mergers. Journal-The Chartered Accountant April- 2005.
[7]. Dr. M. Mohsim Khan Impact of globalization on Indian Banking Industry.Journal-Banking Finance-2004
[8]. G.L. Pai, (1990), "Urban Cooperative Banks and Priority Sector Advances", Urban Credit,
[9]. NFUCB, New Delhi 1990, pp. 18-21.
[10]. AJRBF, Volume 2, Issue 5 (May, 2012) ISSN: 2249‐7323, Journal of Asian Research Consortium 23
[11]. http://www.aijsh.org
[12]. Eric Girardin and Xie Ping (1997) "Urban Credit Co-Operatives In China "OECD Development Centre, Working Paper No. 125, August
[13]. 3. Bhaskaran R and Praful Josh P (2000), "Non Performing Assets (NPAs) in Co-operative
[14]. Rural Financial System: A major challenge to rural development", BIRD's Eye View Dec.2000.
[15]. Jain (2001),"Comparative study of performance of District Central Co-operative Banks

Paper Type : Research Paper Title : Human Resource Accounting Country : Iran Authors : Masoud Ghorban Hosseini : 10.9790/487X-0250610

Abstract: Human Resource Accounting (HRA) involves accounting for expenditures related to Human resources as assets as opposed to traditional accounting which treats these costs as Expenses that reduce profit. Accountants have recognized the value of human assets for at least 70 years. Human resource accounting is not a new issue in conomics. Economists consider human capital as a production factor, and they explore different ways of measuring in investment in education, health, and other areas.
Human resource accounting (HRA) is an attempt to identify, quantify and report investment made in Human resources of an organization that are not presently accounted for under conventional accounting practice. The concept of "investment" in employees; the human capital of the organization, push forward a view that one is looking for a profit to be gained from the investment and therefore the focus is on the development of employees for a specific purpose to gain. Investment in professional training is often treated as an industrial relation activity, and not as an essential investment decision like for the plant or technology. When we consider human assets accounting, the under lined idea is, we are considering the human inventory stock of a company incorporated available to the organization to perform the activities. T he concept of human resource accounting can be basically examined from two dimensions:(I) the investment in human resources; and (ii) the value of human resources. The expenditure incurred for creating, increasing, and updating the human resource quality is known as investment in human resources. Such investment yields fruitful results like higher productivity and higher income to the organization.
Keywords: Human Resource, Costing and Accounting, , Intangible Assets, Intellectual Capital, Performance improvement, Human Resource Management, accounting Concepts

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Managing Stress Test for Banks: A Case Study on Ten Commercial Banks In Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Mohd. Mohsin, Md. Aktar Kamal
	:	10.9790/487X-0251123

Abstract: The Economic globalization and diversification have increased the vulnerability of financial markets towards difficult to predictable phenomena, and the collapse of financial systems, composed of interconnectedness of financial institutions (mainly, commercial banks), in one country causes negative consequences in other parts of the world. These do create financial crises both in domestic and global financial markets creating financial instability. Stress testing is one of the effective and popular ways to alert bank management with regard to adverse unexpected outcomes related to variety of risks and provides an indication how much capital might be needed to absorb losses should large shocks occur. In this paper, we have studied stress test first from theoretical standpoint and then conducted stress testing of credit, equity and liquidity shocks of ten (10) commercial banks of Bangladesh as per the guidelines of Bangladesh Bank drafted in 2010.The study finds that the large number of banks (8 out of 10) are capable of withstanding liquidity shocks while a half of the banks under study (5 of 10) are resilient to defend the equity shocks. The credit shocks were varied under different categories. The study has also pointed out some additional CAR that the banks to collect to absorb the shocks. Finally, the researchers have submitted some interesting implications of the study might help the senior managements, policy makers, depositors, owners, and all other stakeholders of the banks.
Key Words: Stress Testing, Credit, Equity and Liquidity Shocks, CAR and Capital Buffer

[1] Jones, Mathew, Hilbers , Paul. And Slack, Graham.2004 "Stress Testing Financial System", Working paper WP/04/127, IMF, pp.1-11
[2] Stress Testing Guideline by Bangladesh Bank, 2010, pp1-21
[3] www.econimiccrisis.com
[4] Ernst and Young.2010, "Stress Testing: Challenge yourself before being challenged", pp 4-12
[5] Howard, Stacia, 2008"Stress testing with incomplete data: a practical guide", Bulletin No. 31, IFC
[6] Sorge, M. "Stress-testing Financial System: An Overview of current Methodologies" BIS working paper No.165
[7] Bank for International Settlement (BIS), 2001 "A Survey of Stress Test and Current Practices major financial institutions".
[8] De Bant, Oliver, and Oung, Vichett.2004, "Assessment of Stress Test Conducted on French Banking System", Banque de France, Financial Stability Review No.5
[9] Reserve Bank of India. 2008-2009, "Financial Stability Assessment Report"
[10] The Congressional Oversight Panel Report in US. 2009, "Stress Testing and Shoring up Bank Capital"

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	HDI as a Measure of Human Development: A Better Index than the Income Approach?
Country	:	Australia
Authors	:	Hasan Al-Hilani
	:	10.9790/487X-0252428

Abstract: It has always been contentious how to measure human development. Contrary to simple income approach, multidimensional indices and constructs do provide us with better insight. One of the most popular indexes is Human Deveopment Index (HDI) that gives us information about country's education, health and longevity variables in addition to income. It has been established that, despite lots of shortcomings and critic, HDI has been able to present us with a different perspective to view and analyze development. Though, the issues regarding construct and formulation have been noticeable, HDI has improved a lot on these grounds since its formulation in early 1990s. It is believed that HDI is a credible index for providing us with an alternative view of human development. However, huge emphasis on it should be avoided for policy implementation and other development indicators should also be focused in addition to HDI.
Keywords: Human Development, Income Approach, Multi-dimensional Approach, HDI, Icome Component, Longevity Component.

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[3]. Harttgen, K. and Klasen, S. (2012). A House-hold based Human Development Index. World Development. 40 (5), 878-899.
[4]. Hicks, D.A. (1997). The Inequality Adjusted Human Development Index: A Constructive Proposal. World Development. 25 (8), 1283-1298.
[5]. International Monetary Fund.(2012). IMF Data and Statistics. Available: http://www.imf.org/external/data.htm. Last accessed 13 Jun 2012.
[6]. Klugman, J. , Rodriguez, F. and Choi, H (2011). The HDI 2010: New controversies and Old Critique. UNDP. 1-49.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	State of Democracy at service of the Nation
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Jatindra Kumar Behera
	:	10.9790/487X-0252932

Abstract: The epitomization of the presentation is prevailing political, Soco-economic scenario in India and how scientific, communication revolution notwithstanding and despite well defined national management system in place, India is continuing as a super poor with one third of world's poor population living in India. Essence is that custodians of democracy must have highest standard of probity & integrity which is just absent and has yielded place to individual need & greed for which India is now in complete siege from within with remote hope of restoration of value system and national welfare which is defined by deliverance of well affordable meaningful living to the common man. With India at such a crossroad, sincere most and committed Indians very very minority & miniscule in number, hardly there is any countable figure among those in charge of governances the country, have been left to dwell in wishful thinking, lecturing to audience who listen for listening sake and cracking head at such critical and irrecoverable decay of democratic model of administration mindlessly conducted by its selected, elected & even self appointed guardians.
Keywords: Democratic-model, Epitomization, Irrecoverable, Notwithstanding, Probity.

[1]. Quotes of Management Guru Dr. Peter F.Drucker.
[2]. Quotes of late constitutional baron in India Mr. Nani Palkivala.
[3]. Quotes of Mahatma Gandhi
[4]. Quotes of American president John. F.Kenedy & Indian Economist turned politician Dr. Subramaniam Swamy.
[5]. Books by Dr. C.K.Prahallad, Dr. Arindam Choudhury of IIPM & motivating Speaker Mr. Shiv Khera.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Influence of Organizational Culture on Police Corruption in Libya
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Omer M. Othman Domoro, Syed Omar Syed Agil
	:	10.9790/487X-0253338

Abstract: There are many factors influencing police corruption. Some of these factors are considered to be organizational in nature while others are more specifically related to the nature and context of police work itself. The majority of these factors influence the relationship between the police and the society and causes police corruption. For example, organizational culture is enormously important in determining the level of police corruption. This study aims to determine the influence of organizational culture on corruption among members of the Libyan police force. A total of 348 Libyan police members participated in the study. Regression and correlational analyses were performed as a methodology to this study. The study shows that organizational culture has an inverse negative relationship with police corruption. The study results have practical implications for policy makers in the Libyan National Police to increase the employee management loyalty to the organization and have successful criterion could prevent or reduce corruption. Thus, effort should be made to foster a better management, organization glue and criteria of success among the police to reduce the tendency for corruption.
Keywords: corruption- Libya - organizational culture- police force- police organization.

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[2] Neild, Rachel, U S A I D program brief: anticorruption and police integrity, United States Agency for International Development, 2007, 1-17.
[3] Ivkovic, Sanja Kutnjak, Controlling police corruption (Oxford University Press, 2005).
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[5] Zekos, G. I., Ethics versus corruption in globalization, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 23, 2004, 631-647.
[6] Alatas, Syed Hussein, "Promoting business ethics in Malaysia." Good governance for development: private sector perspectives Malaysian institute of integrity: Including proceedings of the National Seminar for Private Sector on the National Plan "Reinventing the future through good governance", 2006, pp.165-173. Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Institute of integrity.
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[10] Abdel- Latif, Assar Fakhri, The impact of professional ethics in reducing the opportunities for corruption in government jobs, Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 24, 2006, 1-15.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Role of Internal Audit Unit in Fraud Prevention in Government Owned Hospitals in a Nigerian Setting
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abu-Saeed Muslimat and Kabir Tahir Hamid
	:	10.9790/487X-0253944

Abstract: A lot of attention has been given to the health sector both by the government and the private operators yet they seem not to meet expectation demanded of them particularly the government owned hospital due to excesses in financial administration. A weak internal control cannot provide sufficient accounting information to safeguard the assets and ensure effective and efficient operation. This study was therefore designed to assess the role of internal audit in fraud prevention in state government owned Hospitals in Kogi state of Nigeria. Four hypotheses were formulated in their null form as well as three research questions to guide the study. The study utilized the survey research design and data were generated through the questionnaire administered to the randomly selected respondents. Stratified random sampling was used. Data collected were analyzed using the non-parametric statistical tool that is the chi-square and the descriptive statistics. The SSPS version 15 was used in the computation of the data collected. The study revealed that the Internal Audit Unit of the hospitals are aware of their role to prevent fraud and are making a way forward by tracing and halting fraud but lack the basic knowledge needed to practically prevent fraud. It also revealed that there is cooperation between the audit staffs and staffs of other departments in provision of necessary documents although Chief Medical Directors (CMDs) strives to interfere in the operational activities of the internal audit unit. Therefore the role of the unit on fraud prevention is weak.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Impact of Budgeting As a Control Mechanism in Banking Industry: A Case Study of a Nigerian Bank
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abu-Saeed Munirat and Abu-Saeed Muslimat
	:	10.9790/487X-0254548

Abstract: The bank industry in Nigeria has been facing an increasing hostile environment of the business compare to other sectors of industry and what led to these problem are their inability to meet up the proposed budget poor forecasting of future events like inflation and poor control of reported variants. Thus, this work tends to investigate how a Nigerian bank prepares and executes its budget and also how the impact and variances are reported for control purpose. A total of 46 respondents were selected using simple random sampling from the staffs of different branches of a Nigerian bank. Semi structured questionnaires were administered and analysed. Data were presented in form of tables. Two hypotheses were tested for using chi square analysis. This study reveals that budget preparation was carried out in the branches of the bank and that managers are the personnel responsible for the preparation and implementation of budget. It also revealed that the bank has a budget committee and that on the average budgets are actualized. Budget failure according to respondents was caused by poor implementation and forecasting. There was a significant relationship between budget and control mechanism in the banking industry and there was also a significant relationship between budget preparation and budget implementation in the banking industry. This study thus shows that budgeting has a great impact on the control mechanisms in banking industry.

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