IOSR-JBM   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6 ~ Sep-Oct-2012

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Bouquet of Development Interventions to achieve Academic success
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mrs. Sunayna Iqbal
	:	10.9790/487X-0360105

Abstract: This study aims at presenting a bouquet of development interventions which shall help improve the academic achievement of high school students. Often educators complain that students are not motivated to learn; parents echo this cry and each blame the other for the students' apathetic response to learning. If schools and parents focused and developed meaningful programs, across the home and classroom such as mentoring, academic counseling, goal setting, skill enhancement workshops, possible gains could result. The total sum of the effects of all these factors determines the heights of the students' academic achievement. Different researchers have elaborated the relationship of each factor contributing towards academic success of high school students. This study shall aim to present a 12 module package for academic achievement. The study shall shed light on the significance of adopting well defined and result oriented development interventions to improve the all round development of students, which in turn shall reflect on their academic results.
Keywords- Academic success, Aptitude testing, Career Counseling, Development Interventions, Personal Development Planning.

Articles, Proceedings and Books
[1] Personal Development Planning Continuing Undergraduate Students, available online at http://ebookbrowse.com/pdp-for-continuing-ug-students-doc-d143068316,University of Bath, UK.
[2] Entwisle, D., & others. (1986), The schooling process in first grade: Two sample a decade apart, American Educational Research Journal, 23, 587-613.
[3] Goldberg, M. D. (1994), A developmental investigation of intrinsic motivation: Correlates, causes, and consequences in high ability students, doctoral dissertation, University of Virginia, 1994, Dissertation Abstract International, 55-04B, 1688.
[4] Niebuhr, K. (1995): 'The Effect of Motivation on the Relationship of School Climate, Family Environment, and Student Characteristics to Academic Achievement'. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Mid-South Educational Research Association, Biloxi, MS, November 8-10.
[5] Variables affecting student achievement, WEAC, 2005, available online at http://www.weac.org/ resource/primer/variable.htm.
[6] Latham, G. P., & Locke, E. A. (2007). New developments in and directions for goal-setting research. European Psychologist, vol 12, 290–300.
[7] Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P, A theory of goal setting and task performance (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1990).
[8] Herrera, C., Grossman, J.B., Kauh, T.J., Feldman, A.F., & McMaken, J. (with Jucovy, L.Z.)(2007), Making a difference in schools: The Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring impact study, Philadelphia, PA: Public/Private Ventures.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Human Resource Information System and its impact on Human Resource Planning: A perceptual analysis of Information Technology companies
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Shikha N. Khera, Ms. Karishma Gulati
	:	10.9790/487X-0360613

Abstract: Human resource information system (HRIS) is not new concept but it is recuperating day by day with changing environment. Its major role is in human resource planning (HRP) which itself a crucial activity in any organization. Ineffective HRP can lead to extra or fewer numbers of employees than needed. Both over and under number of employees can create crappy situations. HRIS helps in proper planning of human resources. This paper focuses on the role of HRIS in HRP. The research is empirical in nature as 127 respondents from top 7 IT companies (as per their market share) are taken to see the sights of the objectives. The survey is done with the assistance of the questionnaire. After investigation it is concluded that HRIS has various benefits but the foremost is HRIS stores ample data about the employees of the organizations that helps in escalating the snail's pace of HRP. HRIS also helps in the strategic activities of HR managers and more in training and development, succession planning, applicant tracking in recruitment and selection and manpower planning. While analyzing the overall contribution of HRIS in HRP it is concluded that HRIS identifies occupied and unoccupied positions in an organization very effectively and accurately.
Keywords – Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS), Human Resource Planning (HRP), Information Technology companies, Advantages of HRIS, Uses of HRIS.

[1] Marcia Moore [online] http://www.ehow.com/facts_5785832_definition-human-resource-information-system.html.
[2] Kirstie S. Ball, (2001),"The use of human resource information systems: a survey", Personnel Review, Vol. 30 Issue 6, pp. 677 – 693.
[3] Martinsons, M. G. (1997), "Human resource management application of knowledge based systems", International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 17, pp 35-53.
[4] Sherman A, Bohlander G and Snell S (1998), "Managing human resources", South Western college publishing, New York.
[5] Siriwal Tevavichulada (1997), "Human resource information systems (HRIS): A comparative study between the public and private sectors", Auburn University, pp 1-347.
[6] Kenneth A. Kovach and Charles E. Cathcart (1999), "HRIS: Providing business with rapid data access, information exchange and strategic advantage", Public Personnel Management, Vol. 28 No. 2, pp 275-282.
[7] Hendrickson, A. R.(2003), "Human resource information systems: Backbone technology of contemporary human resources", Journal of Labor Research, Vol. 24 No. 3,pp 381–394.
[8] Brian E. Becker, Mark A. Huselid and Dave Ulrich (2001), "The HR Scorecard: Linking People, Strategy and Performance", Harvard Business School Press, pp. 108. [9] Carole Tansley and Tony Watson (2000), "Strategic exchange in the development of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS)", New Technology, Work and Employment, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp 108-122.
[10] Broderick, R. and Boudreau, J.W. (1992), "Human resource management, information technology and the competitive edge", Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 6 No. 2, pp. 7-17.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Cross-Cultural Research Relevance in Public Relations: An Analytical Appraisal
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Chinenye Nwabueze, Nnamdi Nweke, Luke Ejezie
	:	10.9790/487X-0361418

Abstract: This work is an examination of cross-cultural or intercultural research relevance in public relations. It adopts the analytical approach in exploring the fusion between fact-finding on the cultural environments of the publics of an organization and achievement of mutually beneficial relationship that organization and its publics. Therefore to learn more about public relations practice, it is important to explore the assumptions underlying the issue of cross-cultural research. It was recommended among others, that since public relations agencies, in most cases operate or engage clients who transcend various cultures, it becomes imperative that cross-cultural research would be, particularly, indispensable in achievement of public relations objectives.

[1] Ajala,V. (2006). Public Relations: In search of Professional Excellence(2nd Ed), Ibadan: University Press.
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[4] Black, S. (1999). Introduction to Public Relations, London: Modino Press Ltd.
[5] East-Western Business Strategies (2012). What is cross-cultural communication? www.ewbs.com/descr.html. Retrieved 6-05- 2012.
[6] Ember,C.K. and Melvin, E. (2008). Cross-Cultural Research-Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology http://en. Wikipedia.org/wiki/culture/2008/3.
[7] Ember,C.K. and Melvin, E. (2001). Cross-Cultural Research Methods sagebook: http://www.sagepublications.com.
[8] Grunig, J. and Hint, J. (1984).Managing Public Relations: New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston Inc.Hollonda, T. (2008)."Issue s
of Cross-Cultural Research."http://www.roshan-institute.org/474532/2008.
[9] Aluko, M. A. (2003). Impact of Culture on Organisational Performance in Selected Textile Firms in Nigeria. Nordic journal of
African studies, 12(2):164-179.
[10] Matsumoto, K. and Juang, U. (2008). "Cross-Cultural Research-Mixed methods in international collaborative Research,"http://ssi.sagepub.com/conttent/6/5/7--extract.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Categorization of Urban Centres in Edo State, Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ojeifo .O. Magnus, Joseph O. Eseigbe
	:	10.9790/487X-0361925

Abstract: This study examined the urbanization process of towns in Edo State. The major objectives were to determine the causes of urbanization of settlements in Edo State and also to categorize the urban centres according to their sizes. The objectives also identified the problems of urbanization in the state. Data for the study were collected from secondary sources including published books, articles in journals, student's thesis, and the census data of the National Population Commission. The data obtained by this means, were presented in tables. The study revealed that there has been a multiplication of urban centres in Edo State in the last 20 years, especially since 1991 and the creation of more local government councils and headquarters was responsible. It was also revealed that, the centres are urbanizing and population was the major factor of urbanization. Although, all the centres were urbanizing, the level of urbanization was found to vary among the centres, and it is upon this that the centres were categorized. Three categories of urban centres were identi fied for the state according to their population, they are, first, second and third order urban centres. The problems confronting the urban centres were identified to include, housing shortages, traffic congestion, decaying infrastructure and invasion of agricultural land.
Keywords - Categorization, Centres, Edo, Urbanization, Nigeria.

[1] J.I. Clark, Urban Geography, in J.I. Clark (Ed.), An Advanced Geography of Africa. (London: Hulton Educational Publication Ltd,
1975) 269-270
[2] United Nations, World Population Situation in 1979, UNO Population Studies, (72) 1980
[3] A. G. Onokerhoraye, G.E.D. Omuta, Urban Systems and Planning for Africa (Benin, The Benin Social Science Series for Africa, 1994).
[4] O. Oluwasola, Social Systems, Institutions and Structures: Urbanization, Poverty and Changing Quality of Life, Proc. of the
training session of the foundation for environmental development and education in Nigeria, Port Harcourt, 2007,8
[5] A.L. Mabogunje, Cities and African Development (Ibadan, Ibadan University Press. 1976).
[6] C.G. Okojie, Esan Native Laws and Customs with Ethnographic Studies of Esan People, (Yaba, Okwessa and Co., Publishers, 1994).
[7] R.O. Olomo, Monitoring the development of Rural Area using remote sensing Approach: A case study of Ekpoma and Environs,
Proc. 34th Annual Conference of the Nigeria Geographical Association, Lagos, 1991, 10
[8] A.G. Onibokun, The policy Implication of Emerging Metropolises in Developing Countries, in A. Faninran, A Onibokun, and S.I.
Abumere (Eds.), Urban and Regional Planning policy Formulation in Developing Countries. (Ibadan: Ibadan University Press, 1987) 91-92.
[9] T. Okonigene, Socio-Economic Impact of Urban-Rural Migration. A Case Study of Ekpoma in Esan West Local Government Area,
Edo State, post graduate diploma diss., Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo, 2008.
[10] F.K. Omole, Basic Issues in Housing development (Ondo, Femo-Bless Publications, 2001)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Significance of Relationship in Multilevel Marketing and its effect on Business Outcome
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Abdul Assis Koroth, Dr. A.K.Sarada
	:	10.9790/487X-0362636

Abstract: The concept of Multilevel Marketing or network marketing is a method of product distribution. The products are moved through independent distributors. The distributors are given an opportunity to introduce other distributors to the business. Instead of incurring massive media advertising and sales promotion cost, the savings are passed on to distributor consumers. At the same time products are available to consumers at wholesale prices. However, effective recruiting is essential for the very existence of the majority of direct selling companies including multilevel marketing organisations since the survival of these organisations depend on the ability to make more and more new recruits to replace those who have discontinued. MLM distributors can have a relationship with both their "upline" sponsor and their "downline" recruits. They also often work cooperatively by holding common recruitment meetings and sales training sessions. Distributors of multilevel marketing companies foster a combination of friendship and instrumentality in developing networks. This paper describes the problems and sets out a research paradigm to investigate the influence of relationship in building network which is a prerequisite for the better performance of distributors in multilevel marketing in Kerala's environment.
Keywords: Downline. Multilevel Marketing, Network, Relationship, Upline.

[1] Berry, R. (1997) ―Direct Selling – from Door to Door to Network Marketing‖, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. P.21.
[2] Carmichael, Allen (1993),Network and Multi-Level Marketing Reading,UK: Concept.
[3] Clothier, Peter (1994),Multi-Level Marketing London: Kogan Page. Conflict,‖ Journal of Applied Psychology 76 (4), p.560 –68.
[4] Poe,Richard (1995),Wave 3: The New Era in Network Marketing Rocklin,CA:Prima.
[5] Lan,Pei-Chia (2002),―Networking Capitalism:Network Construction and Control Effects in Direct Selling,‖ Sociological Quarterly
Vol.43 (2), p.165 –184.
[6] Pratt, Michael G.(2000),―The Good, the Bad, and the Ambivalent: Managing Identification Among Amway Distributors,‖
Administrative Science Quarterly Vol.45 (3), p. 456 –493.
[7] Grayson,Kent (1996),―Examining the Embedded Markets of Network Marketing Organizations,‖ in Networks in Marketing , Dawn Iacobucci,ed.Thousand Oaks,CA:Sage Publications, p. 325 –41.
[8] Merrilees,Bill and Dale Miller (1999),―Direct Selling in the West and East:The Relative Roles of Product and Relationship
(Guanxi) Drivers,‖Journal of Business Research Vol.45 (3), p.267 –73.
[9] Tan,Cheryl Lu-Lien and Brian Steinberg (2007),―Penney 's Updated Image, The Sequel,‖ The Wall Street Journal (February 13)..
[10] Broker (2005),―Getting Leads from Newbie Realtors,‖ 7 (February –March), p.55.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Challenges and Opportunities of Cooperative Marketing With Respect To Small Rubber Growers in Kerala
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Sunil Varghese
	:	10.9790/487X-0363739

Abstract: India is the fourth largest producer of natural rubber with a share of eight per cent in the world after Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia. Kerala accounts for 78 percent of the area under rubber in the country. The rubber plantation sector in India is dominated by small holdings which account for 92% of the production and 89% of the area of rubber in the country. In spite of this major contribution the small rubber growers are vulnerable to exploitations by dominant groups like traders, manufacturers, politicians etc. Small rubber farmers in the country are considered one of the biggest and impoverished sectors. They are basically exploited due to lack of information and training to interpret movements of trade in the market, lack of capital and postharvest facility logistics to increase their output and undertake value-adding activities to augment and improve their economic livelihood. Rubber Board took vigorous steps from early 1960 to encourage them to organize under dedicated rubber marketing co-operatives societies. These Cooperatives confront many distinct economic challenges that underline their need for coordinated planning and opportunities. The major challenge for cooperatives, is to simultaneously facilitate and augments economic performance of their members' businesses, while maintaining their own financial solvency
Keywords: Globalization, Small holder farmers, Rubber marketing cooperative societies, Natural rubber, Social upliftment,

[1] "Agricultural marketing- Issues and challenges", Indian journal of Agricultural Economics Vol 53(3), July-September, pp 311-331
[2] AIRIA,(1987), "Hand Book of Rubber Statistics", All India Rubber Industries Association, Bombay, pp. 114-1 15.
[3] Bhattacharya Arabinda,(1976), "Some Aspects of the Rubber Economy in Kerala", Centre for Development Studies, Thiruvanamthapuram.
[4] Burger K, Unny KG, Haridasan, Hide P Smit and Wouter Zant ,(1995), "The Indian Rubber Economy, History, Analysis and Policy Perspectives",
[5] Cooperative Marketing ,Booklet no.110, Agricultural cooperation: ACS by DR. K.T Chandy , Agricultural and Environment Education
[6] Cooperative Marketing Agencies in Common, by Bruce J Reynolds ACS Research Report,127,January 1994
[7] Fact sheet Community Development ,Cooperative Marketing, by Travis West, Extension Educator, Vinton County, Ohio State University Extension , 3/08-3871
[8] Institute of Cooperative &Corporate Management Research and Training, Luc now – 226 016.
[9] International Marketing Conference on Marketing & Society, 8-10 April, 2007, IIMK
[10] Jacob George,(1985), "Co-Operative Marketing In India", Rubber Board Bulletin, 2 l(2). Pp.22-27.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Marketing Mix of 4P'S for Competitive Advantage
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Meera Singh
	:	10.9790/487X-0364045

Abstract: The Marketing Mix comprises of four decisions which should be considered before launching a product. Firms should plan targeted approach on these four different components and they are Product, Price, and Place & Promotion. All the four variables help the firm in formulating strategic decisions necessary for competitive advantage. The main objective of this article is to describe the importance of relationship of various components of marketing mix for attaining competitive advantage in market. Marketing Mix comprises of Product marketing mix and Service marketing mix. Generally the Product marketing mix consists of product, price, place and promotion and it is generally used for marketing mix of tangible goods. However Service marketing mix is related to three different variables for example people, process and physical evidence. The term marketing mix became popular when Neil H. Borden published his article on "The concept of Marketing Mix" in 1964. The marketing mix is characterised by four equally important variables. The first step is Product plan for articulating a marketing plan. There are three parts of product plan, i.e. core product, augmented product and the tertiary product. Not only product related decisions but also price related decisions like whether the uniform price will be charged or different prices will be charged for the same product in different markets. The third variable is "Place‟ and it is related to the decisions like where the product will be sold. "Promotion‟ decisions are related to increase the sales. The marketing mix involves the decisions related to which the products will be made available at a particular price, may be different price will be charged for the same product as per different market, the marketing manager has to take into account the impact of different factors which are categorised under the 4 P‟s to decide marketing mix for a product
. Keywords: Marketing Mix, Product, Price, Positioning, Promotion, Competitive Advantage

[1] Abrams, Rhonda (2000), Successful Business Plan: Secrets and Strategies, (Palo Alto; California: Running 'R' Media), xxix, Sec. II p 47-288.
[2] Arthur Anderson (1998), Best Practices: Building You Business with Customer-Focused Solutions. New York: Simon & Schuster, pp. 125-27.
[3] Borden, Neil H (1942). The Economic Effects of Advertising. Homewood, 111: Richard D. Irwin.
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[5] Culliton, James W (1948). The Management of Marketing Costs. Boston: Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
[6] Davenport, Thomas H. and Jeanne G. Harris (2007), Competing on Analytics: The New Science of Winning. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
[7] Kotler, Philip (1971), Marketing Decision Making: A Model-Building Approach. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
[8] Rasmussen, Andrea, Carolyn Ude, and Edward Landry (2007), HD Marketing 2010: Sharpening the Conversation. New York: Booz Allen Hamilton.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	'Relationship Marketing' – A Lucrative Hospital Marketing Strategy.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. N. Lakshmi Bhaskar, Dr. S. Naga Satish Kumar, M. Meera Subhashini, Dr. K. T. Reddy, Dr. N. Satyanarayana
	:	10.9790/487X-0364648

Abstract: The value of any service lies in its utilization and the same principle applies to health care services also. The utilization of a service is possible only when customers, here patients come to know about the existence of service and its superiority over other hospitals providing similar services. To propagate this message and to overcome heavy competition from hospitals that spend huge amounts on marketing, it has become a must to have good marketing strategies without incurring heavy expenditure. This task can very well be fulfilled by the strong strategy of "Relationship Marketing"1.

[1] Berry, Leonard (1983). Relationship Marketing. American Marketing Association, Chicago. p. 146. ISBN 0-87757-161-9.
[2] Fornicatell, C. and Weinerfelt, B. (1987) "Defensive marketing strategy by customer complaint management : a theoretical analysis", Journal of Marketing Research, November, 1987, pp 337–346.
[3] Philip Kotler, Marketing management – Ninth Edition (Page: 11-12) 4.8.49, March 1999.
[4] Samuel Levey and N. Paul Loomba Health care Administration – Second Edition, April 1973.
[5] Clarke RN. Marketing health care: problems in implementation. Health Care Manage Rev 1978;3(1):21- 27, October 1978.
[6] Richard C. Ireland, "Using Marketing Strategies to put hospitals on Target", (July, 1977), Page: 25 -31.
[7] Stephen L. Tucker, "Introducing Marketing as planning and management Tool", Hospital and Health Service Administration (Winter,1977) Page: 37-44.
[8] Urden, K.D. (2002), "Patient satisfaction measurement: current issues and implications", Outcomes Management, Vol. 6 No. 6, pp. 125-31.
[9] MacStravic, R. S., and Denning, E., Relationship Marketing in Maternity Care, Journal of Hospital Marketing, 7 (Fall/Winter 1986): 115-123.