IOSR-JBM   Volume-6 ~ Issue-5 ~ Jan-Feb-2013

Abstract:This research aims to test and explain the role of competitive advantage as mediator for the relation between supply chain integration and company performance. The design of this research is survey and data was collected as cross-section using questionnaire. The unit of analysis is big-scale fishery companies. The respondents this research is the managers of fishery company. The result of this research shows that integrated internal supply chain implementation can improve competitiveness and performance of the company. External integration supply chain can improve competitiveness, but without any real impact on company performance. High level of competitiveness can improve company performance. High level of competitiveness is also found to be a mediator for the relation of supply chain integration on company performance. Lastly, the impact of seasonal variation is one of the reason for the low competitiveness of company performance. The practical implication of this study is providing knowledge and information for managers in improving the company's competitive advantage and performance through the implementation of internal and external of supply chain integration. Then consideration of season factor can be used as input in anticipating the needs of fish supply so that the production process remains running smooth.
Keywords: Competitiveness, Performance, Supply Chain Integration

[1] Sakun Boon-itt and Chee Yew Wong, The moderating effects of technological and demand uncertainties on the relationship
between supply chain integration and customer delivery performance. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics
Management, 41(3), 2011, 253-276
[2] Soo Wook Kim, Effects of supply chain management practices, integration and competition capability on performance. Supply
Chain Management: An International Journal, 11(3), 2006, 241-248
[3] Pamela Danese and Pietro Romano, Supply Chain Integration And Efficiency Performance: A Study On The Interactions Between
Customer And Supplier Integration, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 16(4), 2011, 220–230
[4] Van Der Vaart, T. and Van Donk, D.P., A critical review of survey-based research in supply chain integration, International
Journal of Production Economics, 111(1), 2008, 42-55.
[5] Michael Porter, Competitive Advantage Menciptakan dan Mempertahankan Kinerja Unggul, (Terjemahan Tim Penerbit Karisma
Publishing Group. Jakarta 2008).
[6] Frank Wiengarten; Brian Fynes and Alan McKittrick, Collaborative Supply Chain Practices and Performance: Exploring The Key
Role Of Information Quality. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 15(6), 2010, 463–473
[7] Gimenez, C.and Ventura, E., Logistic-Production, Logistic-Marketing and External Integration Their Impact on Performance,
Emerald International Journal of Operations & Production Management , 25(1), 2005, 20-38
[8] Romano, P., How can fluid dynamics help supply chain management?, International Journal of Production Economics, 118(2),
2009, 463-72.
[9] Fynes, B., de Burca, S. and Voss, C., Supply chain relationship quality, the competitive environment and performance,
International Journal of Production Research, 43(16), 2005, 03-20.
[10] Jiqin Han Nanjing J.H.T. and S.W.F. Omta, Integrated information and logistics management, quality management and firm
performance of pork processing industry in China. British Food Journal, 111(1), 2009, 9-25

Abstract:The earth is huge in size whose area is 510100000 km2 which is divided into 243 countries worldwide and those countries have about 3200 religion and 6912 languages which are spoken by 7 billion people in world. These 7 billion people are using millions websites out of which some sites are social networking sites , as per records of these sites about 5 billion people are using social networking sites to share and transfer information and views etc. to each other also for business purposes. If we think according to the above data. So communication is not possible physically in this huge world. Here only social networking sites are making this possible. The facebook is a leading social networking site whose user are 1 billion. Facebook has won this position of population inn very short time. These social networking sites have their historical record of development and now they are facilitating various services to people and business worldwide. This paper is trying to explain the concept of social networking sites and their role in business.
Keywords: Facebook, Social network, Social networking, Social Networking Sites, Social ecosystem, Social graph.

Journal Papers:
[1] Dr. Biswajit Das, Jyoti Shankar Sahoo, Social Networking Sites – A Critical Analysis of Its Impact on Personal and Social Life,
International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 2 No. 14
[2] P. Sri Jothi, M. Neelamalar and R. Shakthi Prasad, Analysis of social networking sites: A study on effective communication strategy
in developing brand communication, Journal of Media and Communication Studies Vol. 3(7), pp. 234-242, July 2011
[3] Vivek bajpai, Dr. Sanjay Pandey, Viral Marketing Through Social Networking Sites With Special Reference of facebook, IRJC
International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 7, July 2012, ISSN 2277
Books:
[4] Chaffey D, Internet Marketing, Strategy, Implementation and Practice (Pearson Education Limited, 2003)
[5] Donath J, Boyd D, Public displays of connection (BT Technol. J., 2004)
[6] Scott DM, The New Rules of Marketing and PR. (John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2009)
[7] Shih C, The Facebook Era. Tapping online social networks to build better products, reach new audiences and selling more stuff
(Prentice Hall Publication, 2009)
[8] Weber L, Marketing to the Social Web. Second Edition (John Wiley and Sons, 2009)
[9] Dave Evans with Jake McKee, Social Media Marketing: The Next Generation of Business Engagement (John Wiley and Sons, 2011)
[10] Chris Treadaway & Mari Smith, Facebook Marketing: An Hour a Day, (John Wiley and Sons, 2011)

Abstract:Successful of six sigma (SS) implementation have been reported in manufacturing industries. Recently, SS practices as quality management initiatives received the wide attention of many practitioners and researchers in service industry such as healthcare industry. The purpose of this study is to review structural analysis the SS and organizational performance (OP) in Malaysian healthcare industry. SS is matched with healthcare sector because the healthcare nature of zero tolerance for medical error. A conceptual model using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) has been proposed and will be used to study the relationship between SS practices and OP. Based on the previous study and proposed research model, research hypotheses are being developed.
Keywords: Six Sigma Practices, quality management initiative, organizational performance, healthcare and Malaysia

[1] Annual Report KPJ Healthcare Berhad, 2011, [Website] URL: http://www.bursamalaysia.com/market/listed-companies/companyannouncements/ 972669, [Accessed on 20th October 2012]
[2] Lifvergren, S., Gremyr, I., Hellstrom, A., Chakhunashvili, A., Bergman, B. Lessons from Sweden's first large-scale implementation
of Six Sigma in healthcare. Operations Managment Research, 3, 2010, 117-128.
[3] Thomerson, L. D. Journey for excellence: Kentucky's Commonwealth Health Corporation adopts Six Sigma approach. Quality
Congress. ASQ's Annual Quality Congress Proceedings, 2001, 152-158.
[4] Habidin, N. F. The structural analysis and development tool of Lean Six Sigma, strategic control system and organizational
performance in Malaysian Automotive Industry, Engineering Doctorate Thesis, Faculty of Engineering , University Technology
Malaysia, Malaysia, 2012.
[5] Pande P. S., Neuman, R. P., and Cavanagh, R.R. (2000). The six sigma way: How GE, Motorola, and other top companies are
honing their performance (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000).
[6] Pandey, A. Strategically focused training in six sigma way: A case study. Journal of European Industrial Training, 31(2), 2007,
145–162.
[7] Llyod, D. H., and Holsenback, J. E. The use of six sigma in health care operations: Application and opportunity. Academy of Health
Care Management Journal, 2, 2006, 41-49.
[8] Jenicke, L. O., Kumar, A., and Holmes, M. C. A framework for applying six sigma improvement methodology in an academic
environment. The TQM Journal, 20(5), 2008, 453-462
[9] Thomas, A., Barton, R., and Chuke-Okafor, C. Applying lean six sigma in a small engineering company – a model for change.
Journal of manufacturing Technology Management, 20(1), 2009, 113-129
[10] Brun, A. Critical success factors of Six Sigma implementations in Italian companies. International Journal of Production
Economics, 131, 2010, 158-164.

Abstract:Various developed nations nowadays have put all their efforts to regulate competition laws for international market. And, Australia is not an exception to this implementation; the further growth and development of the Australian industries are mainly regulated by the Australian government in order to oversee if the organizations, business owners, employees are in full compliance with the Completion law that enforces several business laws that govern many small and medium enterprises on operating and entering into complete competition both in an open market operation.

[1] Schaper, Michael T. Competition Law, Enforcement and the Australian Small Business Sector [online]. Small Enterprise Research:
The Journal of SEAANZ, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2009 - 2010: 7-18. Availability :<
http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=010709253897351;res=IELBUS> ISSN: 1321-5906. [Cited 5th Jun 12].
[2] Golodner, A.M. (2001) Antitrust, innovation, entrepreneurship and small business Small Business Economics 16(1): 31-35.
[3] Audretsch, D.B.(2004) Small firms, innovation and competition, in: Neumann, M. & Weigand, J. (eds.) International handbook of
competition, pp.88-114, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
[4] Chaffetz, H.E. (1953) the antitrust laws and small business Antitrust Law Journal No.2, pp.77 ff. Competition & Consumer Act,
2010 (Cth)
[5] Ncube, P. and Paremoer, T. (2009) Competition policy in South Africa and small business: a review of enforcement cases Paper
presented to the 3rd annual Competition Conference, Competition Commission of South Africa.

Abstract:Carbon and greenhouse gas emissions are among the major environmental problems in Bangladesh, India and Australia. Due to various sources, pollutants in the air put the residents, particularly the children to serious health risks. Gathered measurement data had revealed that carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in some cities of the said countries had reached undesirable levels and now affecting the country's gross domestic product (GDP). To resolve this, various organizations considers carbon accounting and had developed relevant programs and policies that will help minimize carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in the state. In this brief discussion, major pollutants in Bangladesh, India and Australia and some of their cities were discussed. From their efforts, this paper identified that awareness not only for carbon accounting but also the effect of climate change has brought about a drastic, rethink of the way buildings are now designed and run, and with the governments, initiatives to drastically lower greenhouse gas emissions, sustainability has taken a better role in the built environment and of course to the country's GDP. Furthermore, different programs and efforts done to reduce carbon and greenhouse gas emissions in the state were cited as well.

[1] Pearce, D.W. (2003). "The Social Cost of Carbon and its Policy Implications", Oxford Review of Economic Policy.
[2] Tol, R.S.J. (2003). The Marginal Costs of Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Assessment of the Uncertainties, Research Unit
Sustainability and Global Change FNU-19, Centre for Marine and Climate Research, Hamburg University, Hamburg.
[3] Ali M. E. (2002). Transfer of Sustainable Energy Technology to developing countries as a means of reducing greenhouse gas
emission – the case of Bangladesh: Review of relevant literature, Discussion Paper No. 02.08 edn. Department of Applied and
International Economics, Massey University, New Zealand.
[4] Marland G., Fruit K., & Sedjo R. (2001). Accounting for sequestered carbon: The question of permanence. Environmental Science &
Policy. 4: 259–268
[5] Johansen, B.E. (2002). The Global Warming Desk. Greenwood Press: Westport, CT. 236.
[6] Polglase, P.J. and Richards, G.P. (2002). Carbon sequestration and accounting in forests. Proceedings of Australian Forests Growers
National Conference, Albany, Oct 2002. P.10
[7] Cline, W.R. (1992). The Economics of Global Warming. Institute for International Economics: Washington, DC.
[8] BBC News, (2007). Accessed: 16th November, 2012, Available at: < www.news.bbc.co.uk >
[9] Hall, K. (2006). The Green Building Bible, Volume 1. 3rd ed. Green Building Press.
[10] Snell, C. & Callahan, T. (2005). Building Green, A Complete How-To Guide To Alternative Building Methods. Lark Books, A
Division of Sterling Publishing Co., Inc, New York.

Abstract:The dynamic complex of business competition makes corporate financial risk increase dramatically. By analysing the theoretical conjunction between strategic management and financial management, this paper constructs strategic budget management model based upon the financial risk prevention, exploring the implement process to link budget management and strategic management comprehensively and proposing the issues which should be paid attention to.
Keywords- strategy budget management, dynamic competition, static match, dynamic management

[1] li ZhiBin. Research on budget management based on perspective of organization transformation. Accounting Research, 2006(11):53-61.
[2] Ma LiangYu, Luo Mei, Wen Jia. Discussion on the integration of beyond budgeting and better budgeting. Communication of
Finance and Accounting (Financing Version), 2008 (3): 84-85.
[3] Robert A. Anthony, Vijay Govindarajan.Management control system (Translated by Xu Rui. Beijing: China Machine Press),
1999:213.
[4] Gao Chen. Enterprise budget management--- strategy-oriented (Beijing: China Financial and Economic Publishing House), 2004:23.
[5] Wang JiaChang, Han WeiWei. Research on strategic budget management. Management World, 2002 (5): 137- 138.
[6] Yu ZengBiao, Liu GuiPeng, Liu GuiYing. The dilemma of comprehensive budget management in ABC power company. Corporate
Finance, 2006 (6): 32- 41.

Abstract:The enormous production needs of the World War I and II created a heavy influx of new workers with little or no industrial education or skills to the workplace, thereby necessitating massive training efforts that were at once fast and effective. In particular, the heavy demand for shipping construction during world war I resulted in tenfold increase in workers trained on-site instructors who were supervisor using simple force step method: show, tell, do, check. During the World War II, large numbers of trained industrial workers left their Jobs to enter the armed forces, severely limiting the organisational support normally provided by co workers in train their replacements. Heavy demands were placed on foremen and supervisors, and training within industry (TWI) service was formed to trained supervisors as the instructors. Job instruction training (JIT) was employed to train defence _ plant supervisors in instructing new employees in necessary job skills as quickly as possible. Other programs included job relations training (GRT), job methods training (GMT), and job safety training (GST). During this time, the American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) was formed. By the end of World War II most companies and organisations realized the importance of training and development as a fundamental organisational tool.

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