IOSR-JBM   Volume-9 ~ Issue-6 ~ Mar-Apr-2013

Abstract: This study aims to examine and explain the effect of the variable service quality and product quality to the company's image, satisfaction and trust. The research was conducted in the area of East Java province which consists of 38 cities / counties, the individual customers who have an active savings bank accounts owned BNI in East Java province. Further sampling Tabungan Plus customers (Taplus) BNI to 4 cities; Surabaya, Malang, Kediri, and Jember done proportionally area (proportional sampling) so that the research sample was 149 people. The analysis tools are Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to determine the pattern and effect relationships between variables in sequence, i.e. endogenous and exogenous variables. In the SEM analysis, structural equation models, in principle, a multivariate analysis that describes the application of several models simultaneously (Augusty, 2002). The results of the study explained that there is a significant effect between the variables of service quality to the image of the company (0.307) and customer satisfaction (0.307), corporate image, product quality (0.433) and customer value (0.351), the company's image against consumer trust (0.329), the value customer to customer satisfaction (0.478) as well as customer satisfaction with customer trust (0.408).

Keywords: Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), service quality, product quality, corporate image, satisfaction, trust

[1]. Abdullah, Dayang Nailul Munna Abang, and Francine Rozario. 2009. Influence of Service and Product Quality towards Customers Satisfaction: A Case Study at the Staff Cafetaria in the Hotel Industri,: World Academy of Science Enginering and Technology. 29(1): 185-190.
[2]. Amstrong, G And Kotler, P., 2006. Principles of Marketing. Prentice Hall. Inc. New York.
[3]. Aykkac, D. Selcen O. Aykac, Serkan Aydin, Metin Ates, and Ayse Tansel Cetin. 2008. Effects of service quality on customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: Marmae University Hospital. Electronic copy available at: http://ssm.com/abstract=1362601
[4]. Ba, Sulin and Wayne C. Johanson . 2008. An explanatory study of the impact of service process on online customer satisfaction,: Production and Operations management. 17(1): 107-119.
[5]. Brady, Michael, K. and J, Joseph Cronin. 2001. "Some Thoughts on Conceptualizing Perceived Service Quality: A Hierarchical Approach, Journal of Marketing 65(3): 34-49.
[6]. Brady, Michael, K and Christoper J. Robeertson, 2001. "Searching for a Concensus on the ancedent role of service Quality and Satisfaction: an Exploratory Cross National Study,: Journal of Business Research, 51(1): 53-60.
[7]. Cronin Jr, J. Joseph and Steven, A. Taylor. 1992. Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamiation and Extention, Journal of Marketing 56(3): 55-68.
[8]. Deng, Lu, Wei and Zang. 2009. Understanding customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical study of mobile instant message in China. International Journal of Information Management, 30(4): 289-300.
[9]. Elliot, Ray. 2000. The Leadership Industry and Using Leadership Research Effectively. MLQ Pty Ltd and BERU. Victoria University, Melbourne.
[10]. Engel J. F, Roger D. Balckwell dan Paul W. Miniard 1990, Consumer Behavior, Sixth Edition, Dryden Press. Chicago

Abstract: Increasing financial burden, onus on quality patient care and ever increasing competition has forced hospital administrators across world to focus on innovation in the Management of Hospitals. Logistics management is one such area. Internal logistics of materials like Laboratory samples, reports, blood products, drugs from pharmacy is of primary importance and has direct bearing on the provision of good quality care to patient and improving patient satisfaction. The present study was done to find the efficiency of one such method of logistics management, i.e. pneumatic transport system. Methods: The study was conducted in a large tertiary care hospital for a period of 3 months. It includes study of available literature on pneumatic transport system .Data was collected by direct observation and comparing with existing conventional human based transportation. Results: The study showed saving of a manpower and time of 94.6 Minutes for the total completion of process of sample transportation and Results being put online. Conclusion: Pneumatic transport system is a valuable alternative to human based transportation. There is reduction in manpower usage, faster and safe transport of samples. However study noted there is cost escalation if installed in an existing structure and the system is more suitable for vertical structures.

Key Words: Innovation; Efficiency; Pneumatic Transport Systems; Healthcare

[1]. http://www.expresshealthcare.in/200901/valueadd02.shtml (accessed on 10-6-2012)
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[6]. Keshgegian AA, Bull GE, Evaluation of a soft-handling computerized pneumatic tube specimen delivery system. Effects on analytical results and turnaround time, American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1992 Apr; 97(4):535-40
[7]. Green M, Successful alternatives to alternate site testing. Use of a pneumatic tube system to the central laboratory, Arch Pathol Lab Med 1995 Oct; 119(10):943-7
[8]. Pneumatic Tube System Logistics in Hospitals, www.swisslog.com (accessed on 7th July, 2012)

Abstract: The ready made garment industry plays a pivotal role in our economy ,since it accounts for 16% of the foreign exchange earnings of the country. More than 85% of the employees in this sector are women. The need to upgrade skills through appropriate HRD interventions in this sector is of paramount importance in order to improve the socio-economic conditions of the women employees vis-a'-vis productivity. The pilot study indicates clearly that the companies adopting HR practices have shown positive results in terms of increase in productivity , better social status of employees and reduction in problems pertaining to IR issues.

[1]. (UNCTAD, 2005)
[2]. Lippitt (1978)
[3]. TV Rao (1985)
[4]. [Human Resources Management – Mirza S Saiyadain].
[5]. [HRD Audit Evaluating the Human Resource Function for Business Improvement - T.V. Rao, 1999].
[6]. [Challenges for Small Textile Business – P.R.Wadje – Journal of the Textile Association – May-June 2008].
[7]. [M.K.Panthaki, Indian Textile Journal, Jan 2002].
[8]. [Anuja Mirchandaney, A new coalition backs garment workers, Indian Together dated 4th Feb. 2006].
[9]. [Indian Apparel Portal – Website: http:\\apparel.indiamart.com].
[10]. [Incongruence in the Roles played by Employed Women in work – Family Interface – An approach to Role conflict – Dr.S.S.Rao, Aiswarya Rama Sundaram – Journal of Contemporary Research in Management, July-Dec 2007 Pg. 33-37].

Abstract: Estimation of forecasted beta is one of the most discussed issues both in finance literature and empirical research. This paper deals with the theoretical and empirical issues of forecasted beta estimation. Empirical study is focused on the forecast ability of different methods to estimate systematic risk and finally hypothesis testing is done in order to find out is there any significance differences between these methods to estimate future betas on the context of Bangladesh during a specified time period. This study was carried on single stocks listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE) instead of stock portfolio. It is concluded that there exists no significance difference between Blume's Technique and Vasicek's Technique to estimate future betas on the context of Bangladesh. And forecasted beta in Blume's Technique and Vasicek's Technique are significantly different from actual beta. The findings of this paper will be useful for policy makers, all kinds of investors, corporations and other financial market- participants.

Keywords- Beta, Portfolio, Blume's Technique, Vasicek's Technique, Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE).

[1] L. Murray, An Examination of Beta Estimation Using Daily Irish Data, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 22, 1995, 893-906.

[2] G. Hawawini, P. Michel and A. Corhay, New Evidence on Beta Stationary and Forecast for Belgian Common Stocks, Journal of Banking and Finance, 9, 4, December 1985, 553-560.

[3] M. Luoma, T. Martikainen and J. Perttunen, A Pseudo Criterion for Security Betas in the Finnish Stock Market, Applied Economics, 28, 1, January 1996, 65-69.

[4] A. E. Gooding and T. P. O‟Malley, Market Phase and the Stationary of Beta, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 12, 5, December 1977, 833-838.

[5] M. Blume, On The Assessment of Risk, The Journal Of Finance, March 1971, 1-10.

[6] M. Blume, Betas and Their Regression Tendencies, Journal of Finance, X, No. 3, June 1975, 785-795.

[7] O. Vasicek, A Note on Using Cross-Sectional Information in Bayesian Estimation of Security Betas, Journal of Finance, VIII, No. 5, Dec. 1973, 1233-1239.

[8] R.C. Klemkosky and J.D. Martin, The Adustment of Beta Forecasts, Journal of Finance, (September 1975), 1123 - 1128.

[9] E. J. Elton, M. J. Gruber and Urich, Are Betas Best?, Journal of Finance, 13, 5, December 1978, 1375-1384.

[10] D. M. Emanuel, The Market Model in New Zealand, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, (Winter 1980), 591-601.

Abstract:The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of manager's orientation concerning to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and manager's typology towards the effectiveness of CSR's implementation and to find out whether or not there is a difference on the orientation of managers in certain levels of managerial position (Top and Middle).

Key Words: corporate social responsibility, manager orientation on corporate social responsibility, manager typology, effectiveness of corporate social responsibility implementation

[1] Achwan, Rochman, (2006), "Corporate Social Responsibility: Pertikaian Paradigma dan Arah Perkembangan", GALANG, Journal philanthropy dan Masyarakat Madani. Vol.1 no.2. [2] Angelidis, John P., Brenda L. Massetti & Pauline Magee-Egan, "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation Vary by Position in The Organizational Hierarchy?, Review of Business, St. John's University. [3] Bakker, Frank G.A de, Peter Groenewegen & Frank den Hond, (2006), "A Research Note on the Use of Bibliometrics to Review the Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Social Performance Literature", Journal Business & Society, Volume 45 No:1, pp 7-19. [4] Balabanis, George, Hugh C.Phillips & Jonathan Lyall, (1998) "Corporate Social Responsibility and Economic Performance in the Top British Companies: are they Linked?", European Business Review Vol 98 Number 1, pp 25-44. [5] Bouquet, Cyril & Yuval Deutsch, (2008) "The Impact of Corporate Social Performance on Firm‟s Multinationality", Journal of Business Ethics 80: 755-768. [6] Burton, Brian K., Jiing-Lih Farh & W. Harvey Hegarty (2000), "A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation: Hong Kong VS United States Students‟. Teaching Business Ethics 4: 151-167. [7] Creswell, John.(2007), Research Design : Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approach, second edition. London, Sage Publication. [8] Dahlsrud, Alexander, (2006) "How Corporate Social Responsibility is Defined: An Analysis of 37 Definitions", (www.interscience.weley.com). [9] Freeman, R.Edward, S.Ramakrishna Valamuri & Brian Moriarty, (2006) "Company Stakeholder Responsibility: A New Approach to CSR", Bridge Paper, Business Roundtable, Institute for Corporate Ethics. [10] Gauthier, Caroline, (2005) "Measuring Corporate Social And Environmental Performance: The Extended Life-Cycle Assessment".
[8]. Pneumatic Tube System Logistics in Hospitals, www.swisslog.com (accessed on 7th July, 2012)

Abstract: Human resource management is responsible for how people are treated in organizations. It is responsible for bringing people into the organization, helping them perform their work, compensating them for their labors, and solving problems that arise. Recession presents a very difficult time for any existing organisation in today's corporate world and no company is exempted from this truth. The biggest challenge for companies and especially Human Resource in this economy downturn is to survive and to remain competitive, companies reorganized and reengineered to reduce waste. Recession poses unique challenges to the HR department. Human resources professionals often struggle to obtain the resources they need to effectively manage people in the workplace, and the difficulties that they face are augmented when economic conditions worsen. It is essential for every company to know how to implement the right metric set for this very trying period. The present paper is conceptual in nature and finds out the major issues and challenges of human resource management at the time of recession. It provides the strategies and recommendations for not only surviving the recession but ensuring that an organization is ready to compete when expansion returns.

Key Words: Human Resource Management (HRM), Recession, Challenges, Strategies, Recruitment, Compensation

[1] Emerging issues in Human Resource Management by Pramod Vernia publish and IBH publish (p) Ltd.,
[2] Human Resource Management by by S.S.Khanka
[3] A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice 10th Ed (2006) by Michael Armstrong
[4] Mittal, Arun (2007), "A Study of people productivity in HRM", Promotion Productivity, Delhi productivity council, Delhi.
[5] HRM guide.2009.compensation strategy in recession. August 13:08
[6] http://www.ipsosmori.com/Assets/Docs/Publications/ERM%20Recession.pdf
[7] http://hr-horizons.blogspot.in/2009/01/managing-hr-inrecession.html
[8] ICMR.2009 .Employee downsizing. Center for management and research, 23(2):4-5.
[9] Henri J.F.(2004), Performance measurement & organizational effectiveness: Bridging the gap. Management Finance. Vol. 30:93-123.
[10] Economic Times.2009.HR working in Recession. September 09.09

Abstract: India's agriculture sector continues to be the lifeline of its people and a key factor in the economy's overall productivity. Historically, India's agriculture growth has lagged growth in the overall economy. In fact, long-term average growth in agriculture has been close to 2%. India's population has been growing at 1.4%. Consequently, India has just managed to maintain its per capita growth in food and non-food crop production. Increasing profitability in agriculture through higher productivity has been an important goal in developing countries like India. It has become more relevant in recent years due to limited scope for expansion of arable land. Increasing yield to their technically highest level may be feasible ,through adequate investment in infrastructure and technology i.e. irrigation, land development, storage, markets, etc. Besides appropriate pricing of inputs and outputs, availability of credit and extension services would facilitate access to available technology. like most other developing countries, India has predominantly been an agrarian economy, with agriculture sector contributing the largest share to gross domestic product (GDP) and employment. Under the colonial regime, Indian agriculture was geared towards the production of commercial crops (tea, coffee, rubber, cotton, etc.), while the food crops suffered from neglect. After independence, India depended heavily on imports of food grains as it inherited a stagnant, low-productivity, food-crop sector. This paper analyses the dynamics of structural transformation of the Indian economy and major drivers of transformation, giving an overview of the past achievements and the future challenges in Indian agriculture, finally identifying the key policy issues and strategies to accelerate sustainable broad-based growth in the agriculture sector in the country.

Keywords: Sustainable Agriculture ,Inclusive Growth ,Dietary Consumption, Institutional Credit , Agricultural Price Policy.

[1]. Acharya, S.S. (1997), ―Agricultural Price Policy and Development : Some Facts and Emerging Issues‖ Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.52, No.1
[2]. Alagh, Y.K. (2006), ―Indian Economic Strategies After Doha‖ in Radhakrishna, R, S.K. Rao, S.Mahendra Dev and K.Subbarao (2006 eds.), India in a Globalising World: Some Aspects of Macroeconomy, Agriculture and Poverty, Essays in honour of C.H. Hanumantha Rao, Academic Foundation
[3]. Bhalla, G.S. (1995), ―Globalization and Agricultural Policy in India‖, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.50, No.1
[4]. Bhalla, G.S. (2006), ―Agricultural Growth and Regional Variations‖, in R.Radhakrishna, S.K. Rao,
[5]. S.Mahendra Dev and K.Subbarao (eds.), India in a Globalising World: Some aspects of Macro economy, Agriculture and Poverty, Essays in honour of Prof. C.H. Hanumantha Rao, Academic Foundation, New Delhi
[6]. Bhattacharya, B.B. (2003), ―Trade Liberalization and Agricultural Price Policy in India Since Reforms‖, Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Vol.58, No.3
[7]. Chadha, G.K. (2009), ―Agriculture and Rural Industrialization in India, Recent Developments and
[8]. Future Concerns‖ in Rao, N.C. and S.Mahendra Dev (eds.,2009) India: Perspectives on Equitable Development, Academic Foundation
[9]. Dev, S. Mahendra (2008), Inclusive Growth in India, Agriculture, Poverty and Human Development,
[10]. Gulati, Ashok (2009), ―Emerging Trends in Indian Agriculture: What can we learn from these?‖

Abstract: In improving the community welfare, the good performance of village head was needed, but in reality the performance of village heads in Bekasi regency had not maximized yet. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent of regent leadership style as a leader of village chief in motivating, empowering the performance of the village chief. The method used in this study was a quantitative approach. Data were collected by using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire given to 127 respondents. Data analysis techniques used in this study was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of Amos program. The results showed that the district's leadership style was significantly influence motivation, but motivation did not affect the performance of the village chief. Motivation could not be called a mediator because the district's leadership style directly having significant effect on the performance of the village head, while district leadership style had no effect on prosperity, but prosperity was significantly having effect on the performance of the village head. So, then prosperity also could not be called a mediator. The implication of this study was the regent leadership style was important because it had managed to improve the performance of the village head.

Keywords: Regent Leadership Style, motivation, prosperity, and village chief performance.

[1] Pillai, R., Schriesheim, C. S., & Williams, E. S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management, 25, 897–933.
[2] Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Bommer, W. H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 22, 259–298.
[3] Liu, Caroline H, 2007, Transactional Transformational, Transcendental Leadership : Motivation Effectiveness And Measurement Of Transcendental Leadership, Leading The Future of the Public Sector, May 31- June 2 hal.1-25.
[4] Ozalli, 2003, Effect of Transformational leadership on empowerment and team effectiveness, Leadership &Organizational Development Journal
[5] Avolio, B., Luthans, F., & Walumbwa, F.O., (2004). Authentic leadership: Theory-building for veritable sustained performance. Working paper. Gallup Leadership Institute, University of Nebraska, Lincoln.
[6] Bass, Avolio, Jung & Berson, 2003, Predicting Unit Performance By Assessing Transformational And Transactional, Journal Applied Psychology.
[7] Ogbonna, E. & L.C. Harris (2000), "Leadership style, organizational culture and perfromance: Empirical evidence from UK companies", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 11, No. 4, pp. 766-788
[8] Locander, W.B., F. Hamilton, D. Ladik & J. Stuart (2002), "developing a leadership-rich culture: The missing link to creating a market-focused organization, Journal of Market-Focused Management, Vol. 5, pp. 149-163

Abstract: Insurance is one of the major segments of financial market. The insurance business is unique in the sense that it is rewarded for managing the risk of other parties. In Indian insurance sector is not only playing a role within the financial system, but also has significant socio-economic functions of providing risk cover to the poor populations. Insurance provides financial protection against a loss arising out of happening of an uncertain event. The major objectives of this research are to ascertain the socio-economic profile of sample respondents and identify the satisfaction level of policyholders in LIC`s services. This research has also endeavors to develop the customer satisfaction. Methodology of this study is based on the analysis of the data collected from 300 individual policy holders by using interview schedule method. The interview schedule has been prepared in such a way that the respondents are able to express their opinion freely and frankly. Primary data has been collected for this present study. The primary data was collected from three hundred sample respondents from Tirupur district, by simple random sampling method. Interview schedule was the main tool used to collect the pertinent data from the selected sample respondents. Suggested this study, the analysis it is identified that educational qualification and monthly income are found to be associated with policy holder's satisfaction. They need comfortable environment to move with officials, and new strategies to make the services offerings more effective and efficient. LIC should spread its wings in rural areas; it will enable the policy holders rather they approach in urban area. LIC has to create awareness among female policy holders, regarding the benefits of the LIC policies. To conclude this study; the policyholders of LIC are satisfied with the specified parameters concerned with taking policy. While the policyholders of LIC are more satisfied with their companies.

Keywords: policyholder's satisfaction, IRDA, LIC`s service

[1] Dr. V.RamaDevi and A.Ramesh "Life insurance industry in India" life insurance today Vol: IV NO: 1 APR 08 pp10-14

[2] Dr. K.Srinivasa Rao and Dr.P.Malyadri" Customer service in insurance industry: Challenges ahead" the insurance times Vol:XXVIII No:7 July 2008 pp-29-32

[3] SSN Raju indukoori "Expectations Management A tool for Enhancing customer satisfaction"Vol: III issue II insurance chronicle Feb 08 pp 25-31.

[4] VOICE Survey (2006) on "Customer's satisfaction in Insurance sector," Consumer voice Vol 7(3) May-June.

[5] Mony S.V (2005) "New Initiatives in the Insurance sector: opportunities and challenges" Vikal pa Vol: 30(3) pp 102 -105.

[6] K.Paramasivam," Diversification of life insurance products-An endless process" life insurance today Vol:IV no:3June2008 pp 5-8

Abstract: The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the time management skills and academic achievement of students. Because many times college students have not had to manage their time efficiently prior to college because they are bright and weren't really challenged in high school. The situation often changes in college because everyone who goes to college did well in high school but the full range of grades are assigned. Some students who received 'A' and 'B' grade in high school are now receiving 'C' and 'D' in college. Those receiving lower grades are probably no less capable than those receiving higher grades but often their study skill, including time management are less effective.

Key words: - Management Skills, Efficiently, Time Management

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Abstract: This study aims to detect the existence of some corporate governance mechanisms in Tunisian banks. It is devoted specifically to check whether the mechanisms provided by the law, board of directors, auditors, Audit Committee and Executive Committee of credit, are used by Tunisian banks provided in the sample and if the majority of these banks opt or not for independent board. This descriptive study conducted on a sample of eight Tunisian banks over the year 2006, confirms that most of the mechanisms used by banks are the ones imposed by laws and regulations, all banks in the sample have a board of directors, an auditor, a permanent audit committee and an executive committee. Credit Tunisian banks are increasingly opting for a more independent board of directors. Finally, we note the importance of internal mechanisms versus external ones.

Keywords: audit committee, auditors, board of directors, corporate governance, executive credit committee, Tunisian banks

[1] Pathan, S. and Skully M., 2010. Endogenously structured boards of directors in banks. Journal of Banking and Finance, 34(7), p 1590-1606.
[2] Louizi, G., 2006. Impact du conseil d'administration sur la performance des banques tunisiennes. XVème conférence internationale de management stratégique, Annecy/Genève 13-16 Juin 2006.
[3] Adams, R. and Mehran H., 2003. Board structure and banking firm performance and the bank holding company organizational form, Working Papers of Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, 2003, 408-422.
[4] Caprio, G., Laeven, L., & Levine R., 2007. Governance and bank valuation. Journal of Financial Intermediation, 16, 584-617.
[5] Rachdi, H. and Ghazouani Ben ameur, I. 2011. Board Characteristics, Performance and Risk Taking Behavior in Tunisian Banks. International Journal of Business and Management, 6 (6) p. 88-97.
[6] Erkens, D. H., Hung, M. and Matos, P. 2012. Corporate governance in the 2007–2008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide. Journal of Corporate Finance 18 (2012), p 389–411.
[7] Stiglitz J.E. and Edlin A.S., 1992. Discouraging rivals, managerial rent seeking and economic insufficiencies. NBER Working Paper, No.4145, August.
[8] Morck R., Schleifer A. and Vishny R.W. 1990. Do managerial objectives drive bad acquisitions? , Journal of Finance, n°45, p.31-48.
[9] Fransman M. 1998. Information, Knowledge, Vision and Theories of the Firm. in G. Dosi, D.J. Teece et J. Chitry, Technology, Organization and Competitiveness– Perspectives on Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press, p. 147- 191.
[10] Charreaux G., 2002. A la recherche de nouvelles fondations pour la finance et la gouvernance d'entreprise. Finance Contrôle Stratégie, Vol 5, N° 3, September 2002, p. 5-68.

Abstract: The Purpose of this paper is based on a sample of 283 people from enterprises and MBA Classes, this paper examines the effects of career plateau on the employee's job satisfaction organizational commitment and intention to quit. The paper also examines the individual and organizational climate causes of career plateau. The results shows that the two dimensions of career plateau both significantly influence employees work attitudes, and job tenure and career path significantly affects the organizational climate and career plateau.

Key words: Career plateau, Individual and organizational climate causes, Work attitudes.

[1]. Chao G T. Exploration of the Conceptualization and Measurement of Career Plateau: A Comparative Analysis [J]. Journal of Management, 1990, 16(1): 181-193.
[2]. Chen Z X, Francesco A M. Employee Demography, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intentions in China: Do cultural differences matter? [J] Human Relations, 2000, 53 (6) : 869-887
[3]. Feldman D C, Weitz B A. Career plateaus reconsidered [J]. Journal of Management, 1988, 14(1):69-80.
[4]. Fieds D L. Assessment of work: Organizational Diagnosis And Research Inventories [M]. Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2004(In Chinese).
[5]. Hall D T. Protean careers of the 21st century [J]. Academy of Management Executive, 1996,(4): 8-16.
[6]. Long Lirong. Research on the Structure and Consequences of Career Management [M]. Wuhan: Central China Normal University Press, 2002 (In Chinese).
[7]. Podsak off P M, MacKenzie S B, Lee J Y, et. al. Common Method Biases In Behavioral Research: ACritical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies[J]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88(5): 879-903.
[8]. Tremblay M, Roger A. Individual, Familial and Organizational Determinants of Career Plateau: An Empirical Study of the Determinants of Objective and Subjective Career Plateau in Population of Canadian managers [J]. Group & Organization Management, 1993,18 (4): 411-425.
[9]. Tremblay M, Roger A. Career Plateauing Reactions: The Moderating Role of Job Scope, Role Ambiguity and Participation among Canadian Managers [J]. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2004, 15 (6): 996-1017.

Abstract: Pakistan is developing country and the areas selected from Punjab province are in initial stages of development. Saving behaviors of these areas are significantly different from other areas. Saving behaviors among genders of developing economy of Pakistan are different from developed economies. The fundamental aim of conducting this research is evaluating gender dissimilarities in saving behavior and determinants of saving behavior among males and females of Punjab, Pakistan. Sample size of this study includes males and females. Total 400 questionnaires were selected for study which includes 124 responses of females and 276 for males. Non-parametric test of chi-square for gender dissimilarities in their saving behaviors and linear regression for the determinants of saving behavior applied in study. Findings of study show that males and females have significantly different saving behaviors. Females save mostly and more for short term needs as compare males while males also save for medium and long term needs. Both males and females have significantly different impacts of determinants of saving on saving behavior except from education, work status, own home, risk tolerance level and medical expenses. The originality of this study is that it is first research work in Punjab, Pakistan on this topic especially in these four cities selected for analysis.

Keywords: Gender Differences, Saving Behavior, Determinants of Savings, Consumption Patterns Saving Preferences,

[1] Bajtelsmit, V. L., & Bernasek, A. (1996). Why do women invest differently than men? Financial Counseling and Planning, 7, 1-10. [2] Bajtelsmit, V. L., Bernasek, A., & Jianakopolos, N. A. (1996). Gender effects in pension investment allocation decisions. Center for Pension and Retirement Research, 145-156.

[3] Patti J. Fisher (2010). Gender Differences in Personal Saving Behaviors. Financial Counseling and Planning,8, 14-24.

[4] O. S. Mitchell, & M. M. Twinney (Eds.), Positioning pensions for the twenty-first century. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.

[5] Embrey, L., & Fox, J. (1997). Gender differences in the investment decision-making process. Financial Counseling and Planning, 8(2), 33-40.

[6] Sunden, A. E., & Surrette, B. J. (1998). Gender differences in the allocation of assets in retirement savings plans. American Economic Review, 88, 207-211.

[7] Agnew, J. (2005). Do behavioral biases vary across individuals? Evidence from individual level 401(k) data. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Finance, 41, 939–962.

Abstract: This paper investigates seasonality and time varying volatility in the Indian stock markets. The researcher finds that there is a divergent cyclic pattern in investor actions that is reflecting not only returns, but in all aspects of trade activity. The information diffusion apparatus ensures that the stock returns across all days of the weeks and months are equal and the market participant, the balanced financial decision-maker, cannot earn any extra-normal profits. It is important to note that there are variations in explosive nature of stock takings by the "each day-of-the Week", "every month of the Year" and "Semi-Month". Besides, a high (low) return is connected with a correspondingly high (low) volatility for a given day. If the investors can recognize a certain pattern in instability, then it would be easier to make investment decision based on both returns and risk. Studies on the changes in the market return and stock return of companies facilitate the government to know whether the objectives of the monetary system have been realized or not. The result of the analysis enables the establishment to reformulate the system wherever required. In a developing country like India, fast development of economy is very important. It can be realized by having trade development. For which, the stock market contributes more for the development of industries in general and economic development in particular. Unless periodical assessment made, the extent of achieving this object will not be known. In a vibrant economic system periodical review is much more important. It helps to review and readjust the policy according to change of time. Changes in the market return and stock return of the selected companies have been analysed on daily basis, monthly basis and yearly basis. The present study also premeditated the risk parameter for the market return and stock return of the selected companies.

Keywords: Seasonality; Returns, volatility and volume traded; Calendar (Day, Week and Month) effects; Indian stock markets; Window dressing , Earning season, Efficient market hypothesis and Festival holiday.

[1]. Akgiray, v. 1989. Conditional heteroskedasticity in time series of stock returns: evidence and forecasts, journal of business 62(1).
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Abstract: The First Factories Act was passed in 1881 for those industries, which employed 100 or more workers. Amendments to this Act were made in 1890, making it applicable to the undertakings having 50 or more workers as per the recommendations of the Bombay Factories Commission, 1890. After independence legislations like the Employees State Insurance Act, 1948; the Factories Act, 1948; Minimum Wages Act, 1948; Industries Act, 1951; the Employees Provident Fund, Family Pension Fund and Deposit Linked Insurance Fund Act, 1952; Maternity Benefit Act, 1961; the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965; the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 etc. were passed. However, the Factories Act, 1948 is considered more important because it incorporates safety, health and welfare measures for workers. The universe of the study consists of three industrial undertakings namely National Fertilizers Ltd., Panipat, SPL Ltd., Bahadurgarh and Cooperative Sugar Mill, Karnal in Haryana.

Keywords: Labour, Factories Act, National Fertilizers Limited (NFL), Somany Pilkington's Limited (SPL), Karnal Sugar Mills Limited(SM)

[1] Balwant Singh; Labour Policy and Administration; Delhi: M.D. Publications; 1996; p. 16.

[2] B.D. Rawat; Labour Welfare in India; Jaipur: RBSA Publichsers; 1988; pp 56-57.

[3] S.N. MIshra; Labour and Industrial Laws, Central Law Publications, 2009; pp 287-288.

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[5] S.N. Mehrotra; Labour Problems in India; New Delhi: S. Chand; 1976; pp. 199-200.

[6] R.C.P. Singh; Labour Welfare Administration in India; New Delhi: Deep and Deep; 1989; pp 57-58.

[7] S.N. Mehrotra; Op. Cit; pp 199-200.

[8] Balwant Singh; Op. Cit; p. 17. [9] Statistical Abstract of Haryana; Economic and Statistical Organisation; Planning Department; Government of Haryana, Chandigarh: 2003, p. 385.

[10] Annual Report, NFL, 2011-12, p.1.

Abstract: Retailing in India is one of the pillars of its economy and accounts for 14 to 15 percent of its GDP. The Indian retail market is estimated to be US$ 450 billion and one of the top five retail markets in the world by economic value. India is one of the fastest growing retail markets in the world, with 1.2 billion people. In order to attract the mass market retailers are adopting various promotional strategies, among them pioneer is visual merchandising. Visual merchandising is the activity and profession of developing the floor plans and three-dimensional displays in order to maximize sales , Both goods and services can be displayed to highlight their features and benefits. The purpose of such visual merchandising is to attract, engage and motivate the customer towards making a purchase. The Indian middle class is estimated to be 250 million people, by McKinsey & Company, It will reach 600 million by 2030. According to Deutsche Research the estimates are nearly 300 million people for all Middle Class . India aims to eradicate poverty by 2020. The main purpose of this study is to explain the various consequences occurred in the middleclass families due to impulse purchases made by the family members, who were attracted by the window displays of retailing in the name of visual merchandising

Keywords - Autonomy, Mannequins, Props, Stimuli, Visual merchandising.

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[10]. Michel r . Soloman and elnora w.stuart, mamarketing.real people, real choice,2nd ed.(upper saddle rier,nj: prentice hall, 2000):5-6.

Abstract: Empowerment of rural women has emerged as an important issue in today. The economic empowerment of rural women is being regarded these days as a very popular sign of progress for a country, hence the issue of economic empowerment of women is a paramount importance to the Economists, Political thinkers, Social scientists and economic reformers. Self Help Groups (SHGs) have smoothened the way for economic independence for rural women. The members of Self Help Groups are involved in Micro Entrepreneurship. Through that Rural Women are becoming economically independent and providing employment opportunities to others in the nation. Basically, this article deals with empowerment of rural women through micro entrepreneurship and the roll of micro entrepreneurship among the rural women. Economic empowerment of rural women led to development of family, community, society, state and nation therefore it is very necessary to give keen of our attention over empowerment of women in the rural area for the real development of our country in all spheres.

Keywords- Entrepreneurship, Micro-Enterprise, Rural Women and Self Help Groups.

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