iosr-JDMS   Volume-12 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: Treacher- Collins Syndrome (TCS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of craniofacial morphogenesis. The frequency of TCS is 1 in 50,000 live births. Approximately half of cases arise as a result of sporadic mutation; the rest are familial. TCS is caused by a mutation in a TCOFI gene on chromosomes 5q31.3-32. The severely affected persons show classic physical characteristics and mildly affected may escape the diagnosis. Till now cases with familial or genetic background with variable expression were reported. We have disscussed this syndrome unusually in siblings.

[1]. Eeraveni R., Singh B D, Kamarthi N, Patel M, JainM, Oral and Systemic Manifestations of Treacher Collins- Franceschetti Syndrome (Mandibulofacial Dysostosis): A Case Report. JIDA,Dec4(12),2010,545-546. [2]. Neville BW, Damm DD,Allen CM, Bouquot JE, Developmental defects of the oral and maxillofacial region, in Oral and maxillofacial pathology(second edition).42-43. [3]. Martelli H, Ricardo D, Roseli T. M, Orofacial features of Treacher Collins, Med Oral Cir Bucal, July1,14(7)2009,344348. [4]. Lungarotti, M. S., Marinelli, D., Mariani, T., Calabro, A. Multiple congenital anomalies associated with apparently normal maternal intake of vitamin A: a phenocopy of the isotretinoin syndrome? Am. J. Med. Genet, 27,1987, 245-248. [5]. Marsh, K. L., Dixon, J., Dixon, M. J, Mutations in the Treacher Collins syndrome gene lead to mislocalization of the nucleolar protein treacle. Hum. Molec. Genet., 7,1998,1795-1800. [6]. Li, C., Mernagh, J., Bourgeois, J, Novel craniofacial and extracraniofacial findings in a case of Treacher Collins syndrome with a pathogenic mutation and a missense variant in the TCOF1 gene. Clin. Dysmorph, 18,2009, 63-66. [7]. Bowman, M., Oldridge, M., Archer, C., O'Rourke, A., McParland, J., Brekelmans, R., Seller, A., Lester, T, Gross deletions in TCOF1 are a cause of Treacher-Collins-Franceschetti syndrome. Europ. J. Hum. Genet, 20,2012, 769-777. [8]. Shafer WG,Hine HK, Barnet M. Levy. Diseases of bone and joints, in A Textbook of Oral Pathology , (fourth edition, Saunders Elsevier Publication,2009) 681-682.

Abstract: Trigemino cardiac reflex (TCR) is a sudden physiological response due to the pressure effect or stretching of the largest cranial nerve, the trigeminal nerve.TCR is a triad of bradycardia ,bradypnea and gastric motility changes due to the efferent activation of the vagal nerve in response to the pressure distribution in V5.TCR was originally called as oculo cardiac reflex ( OCR ) and the terminology was changed because the response is not only limited to the ophthalmic branch ,but for the entire nerve V5.Activation of TCR is seen in post traumatic patients and during surgical manipulation in cranio facial surgeries.TCR is more common in children with orbital fractures and in extra ocular surgeries. It is well documented in cases of ophthalmic injuries and ocular surgeries. It is imperative to know about this sudden physiological response in maxillofacial surgery which is bound to happen with any oral surgical procedures ranging from extractions, elevation of palatal flaps to maxillary disimpactions.

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Abstract: Background: Anencephaly is a neural tube defect which is due to the defective closure of cranial neuropore. It is associated with other systemic anomalies in most of the cases. This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of anencephaly among congenital malformations at autopsy, associated systemic anomalies, maternal age and sex of the fetus.

Keywords:- Anencephaly, Spinabifida, Omphalocele, Craniospinal rachinoschisis,

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Abstract: Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common health problem seen in all age groups. The risk increases with increase in the age. It has very high morbidity and mortality. Smokings, COPD, older age are risk factors for CAP. Gram negative organisms are more commonly associated with older age. Once the culture reports are obtained, the treatment has to be changed according to the identified organism.

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Abstract: Aims: - To study the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic truncal vagotomy and gastrojejunostomy, the outcome of surgery in terms of – mean operative time, Conversion rate, Postoperative pain measurement, intraoperative and postoperative complication and duration of hospital stay. Methods: - A prospective analysis of operative, postoperative and short term outcome of 38 patients were carried out during time period of June 2008 to April 2013.

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Abstract: Ameloblastomas are benign tumors whose importance lies in its potential to grow into enormous size with resulting bone deformity. Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic, or gross features of a mandibular cyst, but on histological examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumour growth. The clinical and radiographic features of UCA, its differential diagnosis, histopathology and current concepts of management have been discussed.

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Abstract: Gummy smile has lead many patients to undertake various dental treatment. The treatment of gummy smile varies from periodontal surgeries, orthodontic correction to extensive orthognathic surgeries. These treatment include a very skilful invasive approach and in terms are very costly

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Abstract: This review discusses about the medical management of trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is the most common form of neuralgia. Management of trigeminal neuralgia is based on either on chemotherapy or on surgical management. Anticonvulsants are considered as most effective in the treating trigeminal neuralgia. Carbamazepine is considered as most efficient and primary drug for treating the disease. If mono therapy fails co-ordinations of drugs are followed. This review is relied on most representative and complete articles for this review article.

Keywords: Commonly used drugs, ill effect, Non surgical management , Trigeminal neuralgia

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Abstract: Stem cells are the "master " cells of our body that act as building block to regenerate and turn into cells that form tissues, organs and systems in the human body. Several "loci '' or "niches" within the adult human body are colonised by a significant number of stem cells. However, access to these potential collection sites often is a limiting point. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others.

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Abstract: The epidemic of human Immunodeficiency virus (Retrovirus) that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome has emerged as a serious public health problem in many parts of the World, which breaks down body's immune system leading to life threatening opportunistic infections and unusual malignancies. In which gender based difference in the health seeking behaviour has significantly precipitate to it. Rationale: Women's are much more vulnerable and likely to get discriminated with HIV infection, having so many reasons behind it than men, who plays dominant role in the society. So, there is need of gender based research to go through the health seeking behaviour of the HIV positive patients to understand the discrimination. This study also helps in policy making for National AIDS Control Program.
Keywords: HIV/AIDS, RMRI, Health Seeking Behaviour.

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Abstract: Stem cells are the "master " cells of our body that act as building block to regenerate and turn into cells that form tissues, organs and systems in the human body. Several "loci '' or "niches" within the adult human body are colonised by a significant number of stem cells. However, access to these potential collection sites often is a limiting point. Growing evidence demonstrates that stem cells are primarily found in niches and that certain tissues contain more stem cells than others.

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Abstract: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease which results in clinical loss of supporting periodontal tissues including the periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone. For decades, periodontologists have sought various surgical and non-surgical procedures to repair the damage. But, the ultimate aim of regeneration has not been achieved. This review is about the application of stem cells in periodontal regeneration. The triad inclusive of cells, signalling molecules and scaffold plays a significant role in achieving regeneration.
Keywords: Periodontal ligamentstem cells, regeneration, scaffold, signalling molecules, tissueengineering.

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