Volume-1 ~ Issue-3
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Osteotomy Model Is Not Suitable To Provide Insight into Normal Bone Healing |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Syed Mobashir Yunus, Farida Ahmad, Adil Asghar, Nafis Ahmad Faruqi |
 |
: | 10.9790/0853-0130106  |
Abstract: Understanding of biological course of healing is essential for a therapeutic approach and the choice<
of an adequate animal model can be crucial for the experimental results. Methods: A rabbit tibial osteotomy
model with subsequent intramedullary stabilization was performed. The healing progress of the osteotomy
model was compared to a closed fracture model. Histological analyses, biomechanical testing and radiological
screening were undertaken during the observation period of 84 days to verify the status of the healing process.
Results: In contrast to the closed fracture technique osteotomy led to delayed union or nonunion until 84 d post
intervention. The dimensions of whole reactive callus differed significantly between osteotomized and fractured
animals at 28 d post surgery. A lower fraction of newly formed bone and cartilaginous tissue was obvious
during this period in osteotomized animals and more inflammatory cells were observed in the callus.
Conclusion: The osteotomy technique is associated with cellular and vascular signs of persistent inflammation
within the first 28 d after bone defect and may be a contributory factor to impaired healing. The model would be
helpful to test agents to promote fracture healing but this will not show the normal bone healing pattern.
Key words: Callus, Fracture Model, Impaired Bone Healing, Tibial Osteotomy Model,
Key words: Callus, Fracture Model, Impaired Bone Healing, Tibial Osteotomy Model,
[1]. Coles CP, Gross M: Closed tibial shaft fractures: Management and treatment complications. A review of the Prospective Literature.
Can J Surg 2000, 43(4):256-262.
[2]. Auer JA, Goodship A, Arnoczky S, Pearce S, Price J, Claes L, von Rechenberg B, Hofmann-Amtenbrinck M, Schneider E, Müller-
Terpitz R, Thiele F, Rippe KP, Grainger DW: Refining animal models in fracture research: seeking consensus in optimising both
animal welfare and scientific validity for appropriate biomedical use. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2007, 8:72.
[3]. Hietaniemi K, Peltonen J, Paavolainen P: An experimental model for non-union in rats. Injury 1995, 26:681-686.
[4]. Simon AM, Manigrasso MB, O'Connor JP: Cyclo-oxygenase 2 function is essential for bone fracture healing. J Bone Miner Res
2002, 17:963-976.
[5]. Naimark A, Miller K, Segal D, Kossoff J: Nonunion. Skeletal Radiol 1981, 6:21-25.
[6]. Marsh DR, Li G: The biology of fracture healing: optimizing outcome. Br Med Bull 1999, 55:856-869.
[7]. O'Loughlin PF, Morr S, Bogunovic L, Kim DA, Park B, Lane JM: Selection and development of preclinical models in fracturehealing
research. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008, 90(Suppl 1):79-84.
[8]. Hiltunen A, et. al; A standardized experimental fracture in the mouse tibia. J orthop Res. 1993; 11 (2): 305-12.
[9]. Schmidmaier G, Wildemann B, Melis B, Krummrey G, Einhorn TA, Haas NP, Raschke M: Development and characterization of a
standard closed tibial fracture model in the rat. European Journal of trauma 2004, 30:35-42.
[10]. Wray JB, Lynch CJ: The vascular response to fracture of the tibia in the rat. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1959, 41-A:1143-1148.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Traumatic Extradural Hematoma – Our Comparative Experience between Conservative and Surgical Management in Rural India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Subodh P Ugane, Hamza Qazi |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0130711 |
Abstract: TBackground: To study and compare the role of conservative management and surgical intervention
in traumatic extradural hematoma (EDH) in rural India.
Setting: Government Medical College, Miraj, Maharashtra state, India.
Materials and methods: 240 trauma patients diagnosed as extradural hematoma on CT scan were managed
during 2 year period.
Outcomes: Comparative role of conservative management and surgical intervention were studied.
Results: Out of these 240 patients admitted 134 were managed conservatively, 106 cases were operated upon.
62 were operated upon immediately and 44 were operated upon as delayed. There were 2 deaths and 8 had
poor outcome in this group of patients.
Conclusion: It is stressed that small size <10 ml, GCS > 12 and locations other than temporal area are the
criteria for conservative management. 44 patients out of 178 were needed to be treated surgically during the
course of conservative management due to neuro deterioration, increase in size of hematoma on CT,
bradycardia, hemiparesis, pupillary abnormalities, delay in referral and only 18% had poor outcome. A strict
vigilance is to be kept for clinical deterioration and various reasons mentioned above are to be kept in mind and
patients should be subjected to repeated CT scan. Early diagnosis and immediate surgical intervention had
good outcome, which shows the rewarding results of early diagnosis and intervention.
Keywords: Conservative management, Extradural hematoma, Head injury, Surgical management.
Keywords: Conservative management, Extradural hematoma, Head injury, Surgical management.
[1] Bell C (1816) Surgical observations. Longman, Hirst Rees Edv Arrie and Brown: 466
[2] Frankhauser H, Kiener M (1982) Delayed development of extradural hematoma. Acta Neurochir (wien) 60:29-35
[3] Jennet B, Bond M (1975)Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage, a practical scale. Lancet 1: 480-484
[4] Hill J (1772) Case in surgery particularly of cancers and disorders of the head from external violence and observation. J Bal four,
Edinburgh: 263
[5] Munro D, Maltby GL (1941) Extradural hemorrhage. Ann Surg 113(2): 192-203
[6] Seeling JM, Marshal LF, Tautan SM, et al. (1984) Traumatic acute EDH, unrecognized lethality in comatosed patients. Neurosurg
15:617-620
[7] Pozzati E, Frank F, Frank G, et al. (1980) Subacute and chronic EDH, A study of 30 cases. J Trauma 20(9):795-799.
[8] Zuccarello M, Fiore DL, Pardatscher K, et al. (1983) Chronic EDH. Acta Neurochirurgica 67:57-66
[9] Kaufman HH, Herschberger J, Kopitnik T, et al. (1992) Chronic EDH, Indications for surgery. Br J Neurosurg 6:359-364
[10] Jamieson KG, Yelland J DN (1968) Extradural and subdural hematoma. Report of 167 cases. J Neurosurg 299:13-23
[2] Frankhauser H, Kiener M (1982) Delayed development of extradural hematoma. Acta Neurochir (wien) 60:29-35
[3] Jennet B, Bond M (1975)Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage, a practical scale. Lancet 1: 480-484
[4] Hill J (1772) Case in surgery particularly of cancers and disorders of the head from external violence and observation. J Bal four,
Edinburgh: 263
[5] Munro D, Maltby GL (1941) Extradural hemorrhage. Ann Surg 113(2): 192-203
[6] Seeling JM, Marshal LF, Tautan SM, et al. (1984) Traumatic acute EDH, unrecognized lethality in comatosed patients. Neurosurg
15:617-620
[7] Pozzati E, Frank F, Frank G, et al. (1980) Subacute and chronic EDH, A study of 30 cases. J Trauma 20(9):795-799.
[8] Zuccarello M, Fiore DL, Pardatscher K, et al. (1983) Chronic EDH. Acta Neurochirurgica 67:57-66
[9] Kaufman HH, Herschberger J, Kopitnik T, et al. (1992) Chronic EDH, Indications for surgery. Br J Neurosurg 6:359-364
[10] Jamieson KG, Yelland J DN (1968) Extradural and subdural hematoma. Report of 167 cases. J Neurosurg 299:13-23
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effects of Ageing on Bone Mineral Composition and Bone Strength |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Raviraj Havaldar,S. C. Pilli,3B. B. Putti |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0131216 |
Abstract: An increased risk of fractures can be considered to be a consequence of age-related degenerative
effects on the skeletal system. Mechanical strength parameter of human bone depends on chemical constituents
present in it. The present investigation focuses on estimation of bone inorganic constituents: calcium, phosphor
and determination of mechanical strength: tensile, compression. Further a correlation is developed to establish
relationship between mechanical strength and chemical composition. The study showed that bone mineral
composition and ageing process are interdependent and highly correlated with the understanding of bone
mechanical behaviour.
[1] Fritsch A. and Hellmich C., "'Universal' microstructural patterns in cortical and trabecular, extracellular and extravascular bone
materials: Micromechanics-based prediction of anisotropic elasticity," J of Theoretical Biology, vol. 244, pp. 597-620, 2007.
[2] Yerramshetty J. S. and Akkus O., "The associations between mineral crystallinity and the mechanical properties of human cortical
bone," J. Bone, vol. 42, pp. 476-482, 2008.
[3] Heaney R. P., "Phosphorus nutrition and the treatment of osteoporosis," J. of Mayo. Clin., vol. 79, pp. 91-97, 2004.
[4] Koester K. J., Barth H. D., andRitchie R. O., "Effect of aging on the transverse toughness of human cortical bone ; Evaluation by Rcurves,"
J. of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2011
[5] Kruzic J. J. and Ritchie R. O., "Fatigue of mineralized tissues: Cortical bone and dentin," J. of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical
Materials, vol. 1, pp. 3-17, 2008.
[6] Fantner G. E., Rabinovych O., Schitter G., and Thurner P., "Hierarchical interconnections in the nano-composite material bone:
Fibrillar cross links resist fracture on several length scales," J. of Composites science and Technology, vol. 66, pp. 1205-1211, 2006.
[7] D. B. Burr, "Bone material properties and mineral matrix contributions to fracture risk or age in women and men," J.
Musculoskel Neuron Interact, vol. 2, pp. 201-204, 2001.
[8] Akkus O., Adar F., and Schaffler M. B., "Age-related changes in physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are related to
impaired mechanical function of cortical bone," J. of Bone, vol. 34, pp. 443-453, 2004.
[9] Kotha S. P. and Guzelsu N., "Modeling the tensile mechanical behaviour of bone along the longitudinal direction," J. theor. Biol,
vol. 219, pp. 269-279, 2002.
[10] Tomar V., "Insights into the effects of tensile and copressive loadings on microstucture dependent fracture of trabecular bone," J. of Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2009.
materials: Micromechanics-based prediction of anisotropic elasticity," J of Theoretical Biology, vol. 244, pp. 597-620, 2007.
[2] Yerramshetty J. S. and Akkus O., "The associations between mineral crystallinity and the mechanical properties of human cortical
bone," J. Bone, vol. 42, pp. 476-482, 2008.
[3] Heaney R. P., "Phosphorus nutrition and the treatment of osteoporosis," J. of Mayo. Clin., vol. 79, pp. 91-97, 2004.
[4] Koester K. J., Barth H. D., andRitchie R. O., "Effect of aging on the transverse toughness of human cortical bone ; Evaluation by Rcurves,"
J. of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2011
[5] Kruzic J. J. and Ritchie R. O., "Fatigue of mineralized tissues: Cortical bone and dentin," J. of Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical
Materials, vol. 1, pp. 3-17, 2008.
[6] Fantner G. E., Rabinovych O., Schitter G., and Thurner P., "Hierarchical interconnections in the nano-composite material bone:
Fibrillar cross links resist fracture on several length scales," J. of Composites science and Technology, vol. 66, pp. 1205-1211, 2006.
[7] D. B. Burr, "Bone material properties and mineral matrix contributions to fracture risk or age in women and men," J.
Musculoskel Neuron Interact, vol. 2, pp. 201-204, 2001.
[8] Akkus O., Adar F., and Schaffler M. B., "Age-related changes in physicochemical properties of mineral crystals are related to
impaired mechanical function of cortical bone," J. of Bone, vol. 34, pp. 443-453, 2004.
[9] Kotha S. P. and Guzelsu N., "Modeling the tensile mechanical behaviour of bone along the longitudinal direction," J. theor. Biol,
vol. 219, pp. 269-279, 2002.
[10] Tomar V., "Insights into the effects of tensile and copressive loadings on microstucture dependent fracture of trabecular bone," J. of Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2009.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Review on "Evolution of Methods of Bilirubin Estimation |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. P.V.Puppalwar, Dr Kalyan Goswami, Dr. Archana Dhok |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0131728 |
Abstract: Bilirubin is an end product of heme metabolism, which is under disposal of tissues like liver, intestine
and kidney. Clinically hyperbilirubinemia appears as jaundice or icterus. Jaundice can usually be detected< when the serum bilirubin level exceeds 2.0 to 2.5 mg/dl.
Determination of total and direct bilirubin levels helps the physician to know the underlying pathogenic
mechanism. Hence accurate and unbiased estimation of bilirubin becomes mandatory. The problem of finding
an accurate and specific method of bilirubin assay has been a challenge for over 50 years for many workers.
Historically, Ehrlich in 1883 treated bilirubin in urine with diazo reagent and described formation of a red –
blue coloured pigment. Later, Van den Bergh and Muller found that bilirubin in normal serum reacted with<
Ehrlich's diazo reagent (diazotized sulfanilic acid).
We shall discuss here the further evolution of methods of bilirubin estimation till the modern era and also will
cover the various aspects of interpretation and quality control measures.
Key Words- Bilirubin, Biliverdin, Urobilinogen, Diazo, hepatitis.
Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, Combination, Contamination, Intracanal medicaments, pH , Periapical
cover the various aspects of interpretation and quality control measures.
Key Words- Bilirubin, Biliverdin, Urobilinogen, Diazo, hepatitis.
Keywords: Calcium hydroxide, Combination, Contamination, Intracanal medicaments, pH , Periapical
[1]. Zmener O, Pameijer CH, Banegas G. An in vitro study of the pH of three calcium hydroxide dressing materials. Endod Dent
Traumatol 2007; 23: 21-25.
[2]. Anderson M, Seow WK. The pH of endodontic medicaments used in pediatric dentistry. Effects of dyadic combination. J Clin
Pediatr Dent 1990; 15: 42-45.
[3]. Larsen MJ, Horsted-Bindsle P. A laboratory study evaluating the release of hydroxyl ions from various calcium hydroxide products
in narrow root canal like tubes. Int Endod J 2000; 3: 238-42.
[4]. Horning GT, Kessler JR. A comparison of three different root canal sealers when used to obdurate moisture contaminated root canal
system. J Endod 1995; 21: 354-57.
[5]. Beltes PG, Pissiotis E, Koulaouzidou, Kortsaris AH. In vitro release of hydroxyl ions from six types of calcium hydroxide non
setting pastes. J Endod 1997; 23: 413-15.
[6]. Robert GH, Liewehr FR, Buxton TB, Mcpherson JC. Apical diffusion of calcium hydroxide in an in vitro model. J Endod 2004; 31:
57-60.
[7]. Fava LRG, Saunders WP. Calcium hydroxide pastes classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J 1999; 32: 257-282.
[8]. Kwon TY, Fujishima T, Imai Y. FT-Raman spectroscopy of calcium hydroxide medicament in root canals. Int Endod J 2004; 37: 489-93.
[9]. Simon ST, Bhat KS, Francis R. Effect of four vehicles on the pH of calcium hydroxide and the release of calcium ion. Oral Surg
Oral med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995; 80: 459-64.
[10]. Amanda Law, Harold Messer. An evidence based analysis of the antibacterial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments. J Endod
2004; 30: 689-94.
[2]. Anderson M, Seow WK. The pH of endodontic medicaments used in pediatric dentistry. Effects of dyadic combination. J Clin
Pediatr Dent 1990; 15: 42-45.
[3]. Larsen MJ, Horsted-Bindsle P. A laboratory study evaluating the release of hydroxyl ions from various calcium hydroxide products
in narrow root canal like tubes. Int Endod J 2000; 3: 238-42.
[4]. Horning GT, Kessler JR. A comparison of three different root canal sealers when used to obdurate moisture contaminated root canal
system. J Endod 1995; 21: 354-57.
[5]. Beltes PG, Pissiotis E, Koulaouzidou, Kortsaris AH. In vitro release of hydroxyl ions from six types of calcium hydroxide non
setting pastes. J Endod 1997; 23: 413-15.
[6]. Robert GH, Liewehr FR, Buxton TB, Mcpherson JC. Apical diffusion of calcium hydroxide in an in vitro model. J Endod 2004; 31:
57-60.
[7]. Fava LRG, Saunders WP. Calcium hydroxide pastes classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J 1999; 32: 257-282.
[8]. Kwon TY, Fujishima T, Imai Y. FT-Raman spectroscopy of calcium hydroxide medicament in root canals. Int Endod J 2004; 37: 489-93.
[9]. Simon ST, Bhat KS, Francis R. Effect of four vehicles on the pH of calcium hydroxide and the release of calcium ion. Oral Surg
Oral med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1995; 80: 459-64.
[10]. Amanda Law, Harold Messer. An evidence based analysis of the antibacterial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments. J Endod
2004; 30: 689-94.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Anthropometric Study of Lip-Nose Complex in Adult Igbo' Resident in Maiduguri |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | N. V. Emelike, S. H. Garba, B. M. Dalori, 4A. I. Numan |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0132931 |
Abstract: This study was designed to establish standard anthropometric values for the lip nose complex of
Igbo's resident in Maiduguri. A total of 200 adults with no history of mixed racial-parentage consisting of 100
males and 100 females were assessed for the following nasal parameters (columella height, columella width,
nasal width, dome height) and lip parameters (vertical height of the lip, Cupid's bow width and total width of
the mouth). Columella height, columella width, nasal width and dome height in male subjects were 1.24 ±
0.23,0.57 ± 0.18, 4.04 ± 0.55 and 2.89 ± 0.39 cm respectively while it was 1.18 ± 0.28, 0.57 ± 0.13, 3.80 ±
0.39 and 2.73 ± 0.44 cm respectively in the female subjects. Values obtained for the vertical height of the lip,
Cupid's bow width and total width of the mouth in male subjects were 2.04 ± 0.46, 1.49 ± 0.22 and 5.37 ± 0.52
cm while it was 2.09 ± 0.31, 1.45 ± 0.29 and 5.14 ± 0.39 cm in the female subjects respectively. Male subject
presented with a higher and significant (P< 0.05) values in nasal width, dome height and total width of the
mouth than female subjects.
This study has established the anthropometric norms in the lip nose complex of igbo's resident in Maiduguri
with males demonstrating higher values than the female subjects.
Key words: Lip-nose complex, Igbo's, Maiduguri, Columella, Cupid
Key words: Lip-nose complex, Igbo's, Maiduguri, Columella, Cupid
[1] Angel JL (1978). Restoration of Head and Face for Identification. American Journal of Forensic Science. Vol 49.
[2] Darwin C (1871). The descent of Man and Selection in Relation to sex. Murray, London. PP 200.
[3] El-Hadidy M, El-din A, El-bassioni L, Attal W (2007). Cephalometric Analysis for Evaluating the Nasal Morphology in Egyptian Adults. Egypt Journal of Plastic Reconstructive Surger,Vol.31.
[4] Farkas LG, Kolar JC (1987). Anthropometrics and Art Aesthetics of Women's Faces. Clinical Plastic Surgery 14(4): 599-616.
[5] Farkas LG, Hreczko TA, Kolar JC (1985). Vertical and Horizontal Proportion of the Face in Young Adult North American Caucasians . Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. Vol.75: 328-338.
[6] Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE (1998). Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Three Dimensional Digitizer in Facial Anthropometry. Cleft palate and Craniofacial Journal. Vol. 35:9-15.
[7] Garandawa H, Onyekwere GB, Odunayo MO (2009). Morphometric Nose Parameters in Adult Nigerians. Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. Vol. 2.
[8] Geramov MM (1991). The Face Finder. Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. Vol.16(60).
[9] Harzrika P, Nayak DR, Balaknshnae G (2007). Structure of the External Nose In Text book of Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery. Ist edn. CBS Publisher, New Delhi. PP 249-250.
[10] He Z, Jian X, Wu X, Gao X, Zhou S, Zhong X (2009). Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal soft Tissue in Young Han Chinese Adult. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. Vol.20.
[2] Darwin C (1871). The descent of Man and Selection in Relation to sex. Murray, London. PP 200.
[3] El-Hadidy M, El-din A, El-bassioni L, Attal W (2007). Cephalometric Analysis for Evaluating the Nasal Morphology in Egyptian Adults. Egypt Journal of Plastic Reconstructive Surger,Vol.31.
[4] Farkas LG, Kolar JC (1987). Anthropometrics and Art Aesthetics of Women's Faces. Clinical Plastic Surgery 14(4): 599-616.
[5] Farkas LG, Hreczko TA, Kolar JC (1985). Vertical and Horizontal Proportion of the Face in Young Adult North American Caucasians . Plastic Reconstructive Surgery. Vol.75: 328-338.
[6] Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Poggio CE (1998). Evaluation of an Electromagnetic Three Dimensional Digitizer in Facial Anthropometry. Cleft palate and Craniofacial Journal. Vol. 35:9-15.
[7] Garandawa H, Onyekwere GB, Odunayo MO (2009). Morphometric Nose Parameters in Adult Nigerians. Internet Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. Vol. 2.
[8] Geramov MM (1991). The Face Finder. Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. Vol.16(60).
[9] Harzrika P, Nayak DR, Balaknshnae G (2007). Structure of the External Nose In Text book of Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery. Ist edn. CBS Publisher, New Delhi. PP 249-250.
[10] He Z, Jian X, Wu X, Gao X, Zhou S, Zhong X (2009). Anthropometric Measurement and Analysis of the External Nasal soft Tissue in Young Han Chinese Adult. The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery. Vol.20.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Behaviour of Ossicular Grafts in Otitis Media |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. Vinod Kandakure, Dr. Girish Thakur, Dr. Amit Thote, Dr. Ayesha Kausar, Dr. Anup Gilada, Dr. Rakhi Survase |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0133236 |
Abstract: The aim of any functional reconstruction of sound transfer mechanism in ossiculoplasty is to obtain a
permanent and maximum possible restoration of hearing. A thorough knowledge of the principles of ossicular
reconstruction, different ossicular grafts, their merits and pitfalls and various causes of failure is mandatory for
any otologist. There are innumerable graft materials available, like autologous, homologous and allograft to
choose from. Nature has given such a wonderful mechanism of hearing that whatever we try to accomplish, one
cannot give perfect normal hearing.
Keywords: ossicular grafts, ossiculoplasty, cholesteatoma, creeping substitution
Keywords: ossicular grafts, ossiculoplasty, cholesteatoma, creeping substitution
[1] Chole RA. Use of presculped, banked cartilage transplants in ossicular reconstruction. Arch. Otolaryngol. 1987; 113: 145-148.
[2]. English GM, Hildyard VH, Hemenway WG et al. Autograft and homograft incus transpositions in chronic otitis media. Larygoscope 1971; 81 1434-1447.
[3]. Grote JJ. Reconstruction of the middle ear with the hydroxyapetite implants. Long term results.Ann.Otolaryngol.Rhinol.Laryngol. 1990;99:12-16.
[4]. Janeke JB, Shea JJ. Self stabilising proplast total ossicular replacement prosthesis in tympanoplasty. Laryngoscope 1975;85:1550- 1558.
[5]. Michael E Glasscock, George E. Shambough. Pathology and clinical course of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. Surgery of the ear 4th edition; 167-193.
[6]. Mundada PS, Jaiswal HG. A method of ossicular reconstruction with tragal cartilage autografts. Laryngoscope 1989; 99(9): 955- 962.
[7]. Nicholas J, Frooko. Reconstruction of the middle ear. Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology6th editionVol.3;11/1-30.
[8]. Plester D. Ossicular reposition. In Shambaugh G, Shea J, editors. Proc-Shambough fifth Int. Workshop on middle ear microsurgery. Huntsville: Strode 1977.
[9]. Pusalkar AG, Steinbach E. Gold implants in middle ear reconstruction surgery. In: Yanagihara N, Suzuki JI, editors Transplants and implants in otology2. Amsterdam:
[10]. Kugler, 1992. Reck R, Helms J. The bioactive glass ceramic ceravital in ear surgery. Am J. Otolaryngol.1985;6:280-283.
[2]. English GM, Hildyard VH, Hemenway WG et al. Autograft and homograft incus transpositions in chronic otitis media. Larygoscope 1971; 81 1434-1447.
[3]. Grote JJ. Reconstruction of the middle ear with the hydroxyapetite implants. Long term results.Ann.Otolaryngol.Rhinol.Laryngol. 1990;99:12-16.
[4]. Janeke JB, Shea JJ. Self stabilising proplast total ossicular replacement prosthesis in tympanoplasty. Laryngoscope 1975;85:1550- 1558.
[5]. Michael E Glasscock, George E. Shambough. Pathology and clinical course of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear. Surgery of the ear 4th edition; 167-193.
[6]. Mundada PS, Jaiswal HG. A method of ossicular reconstruction with tragal cartilage autografts. Laryngoscope 1989; 99(9): 955- 962.
[7]. Nicholas J, Frooko. Reconstruction of the middle ear. Scott-Brown's Otolaryngology6th editionVol.3;11/1-30.
[8]. Plester D. Ossicular reposition. In Shambaugh G, Shea J, editors. Proc-Shambough fifth Int. Workshop on middle ear microsurgery. Huntsville: Strode 1977.
[9]. Pusalkar AG, Steinbach E. Gold implants in middle ear reconstruction surgery. In: Yanagihara N, Suzuki JI, editors Transplants and implants in otology2. Amsterdam:
[10]. Kugler, 1992. Reck R, Helms J. The bioactive glass ceramic ceravital in ear surgery. Am J. Otolaryngol.1985;6:280-283.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Renal papillary necrosis in a Paediatric Transplant Tourist - The challenge of providing continuity of care |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Rosamund M. Akuse, Mairo A. Bugaje, Saad M.Yauba, Nuhu D. Chom, Ahmed U. Hamidu |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0133739 |
Abstract: World Kidney Day 2012 focused on transplantation as a therapy for end-stage renal disease but
facilities for paediatric transplantation in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. This causes parents of children
needing transplantation to seek it elsewhere. Transplant centres must be aware of local issues which affect
continuity of care of transplant tourists on return home as illustrated in this report. A 9 year old Nigerian had a
live related renal transplant in India. Immunosuppressives were started immediately but they got exhausted
after returning home. Financial constraints prevented his parents from obtaining more from India. They were
reluctant to buy local drugs because of concerns about quality. Following counseling, he recommenced
immunosuppressives. Five days later he developed haematuria. CT scans revealed renal papillary necrosis of
the allograft. He improved with antibiotics and intravenous fluids. Clinic attendance and medication adherence
were adversely affected by the parents' belief that transplantation was a cure. Twenty-one months posttransplant,
allograft biopsy showed rejection. Because local issues affect care, collaboration between transplant
centres, local physicians and international nephrology organizations are needed. Research into factors affecting
outcome and strategies to overcome them is required. Meanwhile transplant centres should ensure patients
return with six months' supply of immunosuppressives.
Key Words: Continuity of care, Paediatric renal transplant, Renal papillary necrosis, Transplant tourist
Key Words: Continuity of care, Paediatric renal transplant, Renal papillary necrosis, Transplant tourist
[1] Garcia GG, Harden PN, Chapman JR; World Kidney Day Steering Committee 2012. World Kidney Day 2012. The global role of
kidney transplantation. Am J kidney Dis,59(3), 2012, 319-24
[2] Naicker S. Burden of end-stage renal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Nephrol ,Suppl 1; 74(S1), 2010, S13-16.
[3] Canales MT, Kasiske BL, Rosenberg ME. Transplant tourism: Outcomes of United States residents who undergo kidney
transplantation overseas. Transplantation, 82, 2006, 1658-61.
[4] Ackoundou-N'Guessan C, Gnionsahe DA, Dekou AH, Tia WM, Guei CM, Moudachirou AM. Outcomes of renal patients from the
Ivory Coast transplanted abroad: time for a local kidney transplantation program. Transplant Proc, 42,2010, 3517-20.
[5] World Health Organization. Substandard and counterfeit medicines. 2003. Fact sheet N°275.
www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/fs275/en
[6] Nwosu U. Council Closes 200 Illegal Medicine Shops in Aba, Umuahia.4 Jul 2011 allafrica.com/stories/201107050853.html
accessed 12.06.2012
[7] Obom-Egbulem K. Renal failure and the other side of kidney transplant. Nigeria Health Watch Journal.
nigerianhealthjournal.com/?p=139 March 10, 2010
[8] Prendergast MB, Gaston RS. Optimizing medication adherence: an ongoing opportunity to improve outcomes after kidney
transplantation. Clin J Am SocNephrol,5, 2010, 1305–1311. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07241009
[9] Powell C, Donohoe JM, Mydlo JH. Papillary Necrosis emedicine.medscape.com/article/439586. accessed 15.06.2012
[10] Kaude JV, Stone M, Fuller TJ, Cade R, Tarrant DG, Juncos LI. Papillary necrosis in kidney transplant patients.Radiology,120,
1976, 69-74.
kidney transplantation. Am J kidney Dis,59(3), 2012, 319-24
[2] Naicker S. Burden of end-stage renal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Clin Nephrol ,Suppl 1; 74(S1), 2010, S13-16.
[3] Canales MT, Kasiske BL, Rosenberg ME. Transplant tourism: Outcomes of United States residents who undergo kidney
transplantation overseas. Transplantation, 82, 2006, 1658-61.
[4] Ackoundou-N'Guessan C, Gnionsahe DA, Dekou AH, Tia WM, Guei CM, Moudachirou AM. Outcomes of renal patients from the
Ivory Coast transplanted abroad: time for a local kidney transplantation program. Transplant Proc, 42,2010, 3517-20.
[5] World Health Organization. Substandard and counterfeit medicines. 2003. Fact sheet N°275.
www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/2003/fs275/en
[6] Nwosu U. Council Closes 200 Illegal Medicine Shops in Aba, Umuahia.4 Jul 2011 allafrica.com/stories/201107050853.html
accessed 12.06.2012
[7] Obom-Egbulem K. Renal failure and the other side of kidney transplant. Nigeria Health Watch Journal.
nigerianhealthjournal.com/?p=139 March 10, 2010
[8] Prendergast MB, Gaston RS. Optimizing medication adherence: an ongoing opportunity to improve outcomes after kidney
transplantation. Clin J Am SocNephrol,5, 2010, 1305–1311. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07241009
[9] Powell C, Donohoe JM, Mydlo JH. Papillary Necrosis emedicine.medscape.com/article/439586. accessed 15.06.2012
[10] Kaude JV, Stone M, Fuller TJ, Cade R, Tarrant DG, Juncos LI. Papillary necrosis in kidney transplant patients.Radiology,120,
1976, 69-74.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Association of metabolic biomarkers of cardiovascular disease in overweight and obese children in Emohua Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Orluwene Chituru Godwill, Nnatuanya Isaac |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0134046 |
Abstract: Obesity is associated with significant metabolic changes and subclinical inflammation. We looked at<
the clustering of cardio-metabolic markers in overweight and obese school children in a semi-urban local
government area in Nigeria.
In this population-based cross-sectional study among 400 school children aged 15years, we measured
adiponectin, leptin, inflammatory markers, apolipoprotein (apo)A1 and B, and lipoprotein-associated
phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Except for adiponectin, and apoA1 (10th percentile) the 90th percentile was used as
cutoff point. Body weight was categorized in age-and sex-specific BMI percentiles and overweight and obesity
according to international obesity task force definitions.
In linear regression models, all cardio-metabolic markers were significantly associated with
overweight. In logistic regression models, compared with the reference category (25th-75th percentile BMI),
overweight was associated with increased concentrations of leptin [odds ratio (OR) 62.78; 95%CI 18.21-
201.15], C-reactive protein (8.15; 2.82-15.23), fibrinogen (3.02; 1.52-7.12), and low apoA1 (2.41; 1.46-4.99).
Overweight was positively associated with interleukin-6, Lp-PLA2, and apo B concentrations and inversely with
adiponectin concentrations. In obese children 40% showed one, 18% two, 13% three and 16% four or more
abnormal cardio-metabolic biomarkers. The number of abnormal cardio-metabolic biomarkers increased in
overweight (Ptrend <0,001) and obese (Ptrend < 0.001) children.
Overweight and obesity in children are associated with a cluster of metabolic changes and smoldering
inflammatory response which might not only accelerate cardiovascular disease later on in life but may also be
associated with early atherosclerosis.
Keywords: Cardiovascular, Children, Metabolic-markers, Obese, Overweight, Nigeria.
Keywords: Cardiovascular, Children, Metabolic-markers, Obese, Overweight, Nigeria.
[1]. D. Yach, D. Stuckler, K.D. Brownwell. Epidemiologic and economic consequences of the global epidemics of obesity and diabetes.
Nat Med 12, 2006, 62-66.
[2]. S. M. Grundy. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J AM Coll Cardiol 47, 2006,
1093-1100.
[3]. R. Weiss, J. Dziura, T. S. Burgert, W. V. Tamborlane, S. E. Taksali, C. W. Yeckel , et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in
children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 350, 2004, 2362-2374.
[4]. N, F. Chu, E. B. Rimm, D. J. Wang, H. S. Liou, S. M. Shieh. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese school
children: the Taipei Children Heart Study. AM J Clin Nutr 67, 1998, 1141-1146.
[5]. D. S. Freedman, Z. Mei, S. R. Srinivasan, G. S. Berenson, W. H. Dietz. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among
overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr150, 2007, 12-17.
[6]. S. Li, W. Chen, S. R. Srinivasan, M. G. Bond, R. Tang, E. M. Urbina, G. S. Berenson. Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and
carotid vascular changes in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. JAMA 290, 2003, 2271-2276.
[7]. P. M. Ridker, D. A. Morrow. C-reactive protein, inflammation and coronary risk. Cardiol Clin 21, 2003, 315-325.
[8]. W. Koenig, D. Twardella, H. Brenner, D. Rothenbacher. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predicts future cardiovascular
events in patients with coronary heart disease independently of traditional risk factors, markers of inflammation, renal function, and
hemodynamic stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26, 2006, 1586-1593.
[9]. A. Thompson, J. Danesh. Association between apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and coronary
heart disease: a literature-based metaanalysis of prospective studies. J. intern Med 259, 2006, 481-492.
[10]. N. Khuseyinova, W. Koenig, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and other lipid-related biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, In D. A. Morrow (ed.), Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Pathophysiology and Disease Management, (Totowa NJ: Humana press inc.,
2006), 519-542.
Nat Med 12, 2006, 62-66.
[2]. S. M. Grundy. Metabolic syndrome: connecting and reconciling cardiovascular and diabetes worlds. J AM Coll Cardiol 47, 2006,
1093-1100.
[3]. R. Weiss, J. Dziura, T. S. Burgert, W. V. Tamborlane, S. E. Taksali, C. W. Yeckel , et al. Obesity and the metabolic syndrome in
children and adolescents. N Engl J Med 350, 2004, 2362-2374.
[4]. N, F. Chu, E. B. Rimm, D. J. Wang, H. S. Liou, S. M. Shieh. Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors among obese school
children: the Taipei Children Heart Study. AM J Clin Nutr 67, 1998, 1141-1146.
[5]. D. S. Freedman, Z. Mei, S. R. Srinivasan, G. S. Berenson, W. H. Dietz. Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among
overweight children and adolescents: the Bogalusa Heart Study. J Pediatr150, 2007, 12-17.
[6]. S. Li, W. Chen, S. R. Srinivasan, M. G. Bond, R. Tang, E. M. Urbina, G. S. Berenson. Childhood cardiovascular risk factors and
carotid vascular changes in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. JAMA 290, 2003, 2271-2276.
[7]. P. M. Ridker, D. A. Morrow. C-reactive protein, inflammation and coronary risk. Cardiol Clin 21, 2003, 315-325.
[8]. W. Koenig, D. Twardella, H. Brenner, D. Rothenbacher. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 predicts future cardiovascular
events in patients with coronary heart disease independently of traditional risk factors, markers of inflammation, renal function, and
hemodynamic stress. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 26, 2006, 1586-1593.
[9]. A. Thompson, J. Danesh. Association between apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A1, the apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio and coronary
heart disease: a literature-based metaanalysis of prospective studies. J. intern Med 259, 2006, 481-492.
[10]. N. Khuseyinova, W. Koenig, Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 and other lipid-related biomarkers in cardiovascular disease, In D. A. Morrow (ed.), Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Pathophysiology and Disease Management, (Totowa NJ: Humana press inc.,
2006), 519-542.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol levels in a representative sample of children and young adolescents from the Ikwerre-speaking Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | OrluweneChituru Godwill, Opurum Hamilton |
|
: | 10.9790/0853-0134752 |
Abstract: Adequate vitamin D status is important for bone growth and mineralization and has been implicated
in the regulation of autoimmunity, metabolic function and cancer prevention. There are no reports of
population-based studies on the vitamin D status of Rivers State youth in Nigeria, a population where
mandatory fortification of foods is currently advocated.
We measured 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D], the best indicator of vitamin D status, in a postprimary
school-based cross-sectional sample of representative Rivers State youth (n=1120) ages 10, 15, and 20
living in the Ikwerre-speaking local government areas (LGAs). Blood samples were collected from February to
July 2009. We defined 25(OH)D deficiency as ≤ 27.5nmol/'L, hypovitaminosis as ≤ 37.5nmol/L, and optimal as
75nmol/L.
More than 95% of youth in each age and sex group had suboptimal 25(OH)D concentrations. The
prevalence of 25(OH)D deficiency increased with age in both sexes (P< 0.001). It was 2%, 4% and 13% in 10,-
15,- and 20-year-old boys and 2%, 9% and 12% in 10-, 15-, and 20-year-old girls. Girls with higher body mass
index and girls from households with lower income had lower 25(OH)D concentrations. These effects were not
found in boys.
Inadequate vitamin D status is a potentially serious public health problem among children and young
adolescents in Rivers State. This result calls for renewed efforts to ensure adequate vitamin D intake among
growing children and adolescents.
Keywords: Children, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, Nigeria, Rivers-State, vitamin-D, Young-adolescents.
Keywords: Children, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol, Nigeria, Rivers-State, vitamin-D, Young-adolescents.
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ProcNutrSoc 65, 2006, 348-360.
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cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J ClinNutr 85, 2007, 1586-1591.
[5] M. T. Cantorna, Y. Zhu, M. Froicu, A. Wittke. Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J
ClinNurtr 80, 2004, 1717S-1720S.
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functional vitamin D receptor.FASEB J 17, 2003, 509-511.
[7] M. F. Holick. Vitamin D.A millennium perspective.J Cell Biochem 88, 2003, 296-307.
[8] M. F. Holick. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers and cardiovascular
disease.Am J ClinNutr 80, 2004, 1678S-1688S
[9] A. R. Webb, M. F. Holick. The role of sunlight in the cutaneous production of vitamin D3.Annu Rev Nutr 8, 1988, 375-399.
[10] C. M. Weaver, J. C. Fleet. Vitamin D requirements: current and future. Am J ClinNutr 80, 2004, 1735S-1739S.
vivo.J BiolChem 243, 1968, 4055-4064.
[2]. A. Prentice, I. Schoenmakers, M. A. Laskey, S. de Bono, F. Ginty, G. R. Goldberg. Nutrition and bone growth and development.
ProcNutrSoc 65, 2006, 348-360.
[3]. M. F. Holick. The vitamin D epidemic and its health consequences.J Nutr 135, 2005, 2739S-2748S.
[4]. J. M. Lappe, D. Travers-Gustafson, K. M. Davis, R. R. Reckar, R. P. Heaney. Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces
cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J ClinNutr 85, 2007, 1586-1591.
[5] M. T. Cantorna, Y. Zhu, M. Froicu, A. Wittke. Vitamin D status, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and the immune system. Am J
ClinNurtr 80, 2004, 1717S-1720S.
[6] U. Zeitz, K. Weber, D. W. Soegiarto, E. Wolf, R. Balling, R. G. Erben. Impaired insulin secretory capacity in mice lacking a
functional vitamin D receptor.FASEB J 17, 2003, 509-511.
[7] M. F. Holick. Vitamin D.A millennium perspective.J Cell Biochem 88, 2003, 296-307.
[8] M. F. Holick. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers and cardiovascular
disease.Am J ClinNutr 80, 2004, 1678S-1688S
[9] A. R. Webb, M. F. Holick. The role of sunlight in the cutaneous production of vitamin D3.Annu Rev Nutr 8, 1988, 375-399.
[10] C. M. Weaver, J. C. Fleet. Vitamin D requirements: current and future. Am J ClinNutr 80, 2004, 1735S-1739S.