iosr-JDMS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-5

Abstract:The practice of medical and dental profession has long been associated with high levels of occupational stress. The stress of professional training can be a motivator for some, for others it can have serious consequences. By identifying stressors affecting students, necessary modifications can be made to improve the quality of life of dental and medical students. This article reviews the sources, impacts and solutions of stress among dental and medical students.
Keywords: Burnout, Dental Students, Education, Medical Student, Stress

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[6] Garbee WH Jr, Zucker SB, Selby GR. Perceived sources of stress among dental students. J Am Dent Assoc,100, 1980,853–7.
[7] Kumar S, Dagli R, Mathur A, Jain M, Prabu D, Kulkarni S. Perceived sources of stress amongst Indian dental students. Eur J Dent< Educ,13, 2009, 39-45.
[8] Burk DT, Bender DJ. Use and perceived effectiveness of student support services in a first -year dental student population. J Dent Educ,69(10), 2005,1148–60.
[9] Radcliffe C, Lester H. Perceived stress during undergraduate medical training: a qualitative study. Med Educ, 37, 2003,32–8.
[10] Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runseson B. Stress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Med Educ, 39, 2005,< 594–604.

Abstract:Rhinoscleroma,also known as Mikuliczdisease,is a chronic disfiguring and debilitating disease.This case in a 10 year old girl presented with unusual features and mimicked many other diseases.The characteristic MR features are described.The disease is uncommon in Western Maharashtra. Its scenario in Indian subcontinent is discussed.
Keywords:Rhinoscleroma

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temporomandibular joint: A case report.J Oral Maxillofacial Surg 2012;70:135-140.
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Abstract:Introduction: To report a case of microbial keratitis in an individual with keratoconus using rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Method: - A 23- year-old male presented with a history of pain, redness, photophobia, watering in right eye and his vision was reduced upon awakening. He was a known case of bilateral keratoconus who used rigid gas permeable contact lenses in both eyes on daily wear basis. Slitlamp examination revealed a paracentral stromal infiltrate in right eye. Corneal scrapings were collected for culture. Both contact lenses and lenses cleaning solution were collected for microbiological investigations.
Keywords: KC-Keratoconus, RGP- rigid gas permeable contact lens, MK-Microbial keratitis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella.

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disorders-clinical diagnosis and management. 2nd ed., Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company; l998. p. 349–74.
[3] Paulo Elias C. Dantas, M. Cristina Nishiwaki-Dantas. Spontaneous Bilateral Corneal Perforation of Acute Hydrops in
Keratoconus. Eye & Contact Lens.2004; 30:(l): 40–4l.
[4] Ladage PM, Yamamoto K, Ren DH, et al. Effects of rigid and soft contact lens daily wear on corneal epithelium, tear lactate
dehydrogenase, and bacterial binding to exfoliated epithelial cells. Ophthalmology 200l;l08: l279-l288.
[5] Miller MJ, Wilson LA, Ahearn DG. Adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to rigid gas permeable contact lenses. Archives of
Ophthalmology. l99l;l09: l447–l448.
[6] Nagachandrika T, Kumar T, et al. Prevalence of contact lens related complications in a tertiary eye centre in india. Contact lens&
Anterior eye. 20llDec;34(6):266-8.
[7] Stapleton F, Keay L, Edwards K, et al. The incidence of contact lens-related microbial keratitis in Australia. Ophthalmology 2008;
ll5:l655-l662.
[8] Ching-His Hsiao, Ling Yeung, et al. Pediatric Microbial Keratitis in Taiwanese Children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007; l25:603-609.
[9] Richard G Lindsay, Richard Johnson, et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis and contact lens wear. Clin Exp Optom 2007; 90: 5: 35l–360.
[10] Bennie H. Jeng, Abha B. kumar, et, al. Epidemiology of Ulcerative Keratitis in Northern California. Arch Ophthalmol. 20l0.;l28 (
8):1022-1028.

Abstract:Renal arteries normally arise from the abdominal aorta at the level L1 vertebra. During routine dissection of abdomen by the undergraduate medical students two additional renal arteries were observed on the right side arising from abdominal aorta. The artery cranial to the normal renal artery entered the anterior aspect of the kidney 4cm below the upper pole. The second artery was caudal to the normal renal artery. This artery entered the lower pole of kidney. Accessory renal arteries usually arise from aorta below the normal renal artery. These are more common on left side and enter the hilum of kidney below the normal renal arteries. They are also seen more commonly at the lower pole than at the upper pole of kidney. Knowledge of presence of such additional renal arteries is necessary while performing all the surgical and radiological procedures related to kidney.
Keywords:Accessory renal artery, Polar arteries, Renal artery, Renal angiography, Renal transplant.

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Abstract:OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of local administration of bisphosphonate i.e.pamidronate (antiresorptive drug), during orthodontic tooth movement in experimental albino Newzealand rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was conducted on 20 male Newzealand albino rabbits of 3.75 to 4 kg wt for a period of three weeks (21days). Animals were equally divided into 2 groups [ Group-1 Control & Group-2 Experimental ].Orthodontic appliance of 100gm force Nitinol closed coil spring was stretched and placed between mandibular molar and incisors in either group of animals. Bisphosphonate [Pamidronate] was injected mesial to the mandibular molar in the mucoperiosteal area. On the last day i.e. 21st day of the study all animals were sacrificed and mandibles were dissected from both groups along with the appliance. The amount of mesial drift of molar was found clearly in the dissected mandibles and measured with flexible manual scale. RESULTS: On 21st day of experiment, both groups of animals were sacrificed and the diastema was measured between 1st and 2nd molar on dissected mandibles. In this study the statistical analysis was done by Student 't'test . The statistical analysis has shown a significant difference between the control (4.960 ± 0.455 mm) and the experimental group (2.389 ± 0.362 mm).
Keywords:Local injection, Bisphosphonate (Bp), Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), Rabbit mandibular molar, dissected rabbit mandibles, Pharmacological anchorage

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Abstract:Human Axial Skeleton has drawn much interest for Medical researchers because of the Upright posture. The human vertebral column plays an important role in stability and weight transmission. It is adapted to protect the spinal cord. Congenital or acquired anomalies are common in the vertebral column. At the same time the vertebral column is the site for many orthopedic disorders which may be pathological or developmental, leading to instability, low back pain, kyphosis, scoliosis and Ankylosing spondylitis. During routine osteology classes, processed lumbar vertebrae were collected to explain to the students of I M.B.B.S. The author realized abnormal 5th lumbar vertebra. It had ossification of Interspinous and Supraspinous ligaments may be a feature of Ankylosis Spondylitis.
Keywords:Supraspinous and Interspinous ligaments (SS&IS), ossification, calcification, 5th lumbar vertebra, Ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

[1] J.Rheumatol 1995, dec, 22(12) 2327-30 Ankylosis Spondylitis.
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Abstract:The label of "Cerebral Palsy" has been used frivolously due to the lack of knowledge of the Brain's pathology. Since 2004, a number of researchers have stumbled upon a new paradigm in the field of Neurology1 that now opens up a new door of hope to better the quality of life of the suffering infants, children and adolescence worldwide. Now, many children with CP are known to be suffering from the Neuronal Sub-Nucleus Neuro viral RNA proliferation that begins as early as the inception of a new baby. The genetically transforming diseases now take a back seat to this new revelation, where, the Neuro Viral RNA's being part of the chromosomal DNA of the sperm or the Ovum also ready to proliferate in the developmental stage of the Neuro Disk of the fetus in the first trimester.

[1] Plomp et al, AJP June 2002, Vol. 160, No. 6
[2] www.herpes.org.uk
[3] www.who.org

Abstract:Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) has been reported in association with hypertension, renal failure, transplantation and immunosuppressives [1]. However, reports of PRES in conjunction with SLE are sparse [2]. Majority of these patients had lupus nephritis and hypertension [3]. Recent reports have shown a stringent association of PRES with hypertension in SLE patients and response to cyclophosphamide-methylprednisolone pulse therapy [4]. Here, we report a rare case of a normotensive patient of SLE presenting with PRES. The patient was treatment-naïve and had significant renal involvement. Her neurologic impairment and overall disease activity improved following treatment with pulse doses of immunosuppressives.
Keywords:Lupus, Seizure, Posterior reversible encephalopathy Syndrome.

[1] V. H. Lee, E. F. Wijdicks, E. M. Manno, A. A. Rabinstein, Clinical spectrum of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy
syndrome. Arch Neurol, 65(2), 2008, 205-210.
[2] M. L. Ishimori, B. D. Pressman, D. J. Wallace, M. H. Weisman, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: another
manifestation of CNS SLE? Lupus, 16(6), 2007, 436-443.
[3] G. Leroux, J. Sellam, N. Costedoat-Chalumeau, D. Le Thi Huong, A. Combes, N. Tieulié, J. Haroche, Z. Amoura, A.
Nieszkowska, J. Chastre, D. Dormont, J. C. Piette JC, Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome during systemic lupus
erythematosus: four new cases and review of the literature, Lupus, 17(2), 2008, 139-147.
[4] I. R. Varaprasad, S. Agrawal, V. N. Prabu, L. Rajasekhar, M. A. Kanikannan, G. Narsimulu, Posterior reversible encephalopathy
syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 38(8) , 2011, 1607-1611.
[5] J. K. Kur, J. M. Esdaile. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome--an underrecognized manifestation of systemic lupus
erythematosus, J Rheumatol, 33(11), 2006, 2178-2183.

Abstract:Objectives: Find and eradicate the root cause/s of Primary & Secondary Hypertension.For a long time, Syndrome "X" has been regarded as a root cause of primary & secondary Hypertension. The prevailing cause of this ghost syndrome has never been documented, defined or eradicated as yet. However, the patients worldwide are being maintained with a variety of Neuro-electrical (Voltage & Charge) & Vascular (Hemodynamic) manipulative medicine and radically performing the "Renal Sympathetic Ablation", to sustain a normal blood pressure. Great many possible parameters have been established to view the existence of the hypertension, Bacterial, Viral Hormonal and anatomical. In the recent years, scientists are looking closely at the Neuroinvasive viruses and their role in the cardiovascular disease.

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[2] http://darwin.bio.uci.edu/~faculty/wagner/hsv2f.html
[3] Viral Causes of Hypertension | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/facts_6176066_viral-causes-hypertension.html#ixzz1peTjHICz
[4] Plomp et al, AJP June 2002, Vol. 160, No. 6
[5] Baker TS, Olson NH, Fuller SD: Adding the third dimension to virus life cycles: three-dimensional reconstruction of icosahedral
viruses from
[6] Markus P Schlaich, Murray D Esler
[7] Asia-Pacific Cardiology, 2011; 3(1):37-40
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Abstract:Objective: The present study was undertaken to study prescribing pattern of various drugs in elderly patients & also to evaluate inappropriate prescribing with the help of Beers criteria. Material & methods: The study was conducted in Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital from June 2012 to August 2012. A total of 106 case records of inpatients >/65years in medicine wards were reviewed. Relevant information was recorded in a structured proforma & data was evaluated. Results: Most of the cases were from respiratory system (35.84%), followed by cardiovascular system (14.15%). The most commonly prescribed drugs were antimicrobials (16.94%). Polypharmacy was observed in 94(88.67%) patients. According to Beers criteria, 23(21.69%) patients were prescribed inappropriately & all these were drugs to be generally avoided in older adults. Conclusion: This study has shown the patterns of diseases prevalent in geriatric patients, drug use among them and also suggests that drugs to be avoided in elderly are among the most frequently inappropriately prescribed drugs. Prevalence of polypharmacy was high which is usually unavoidable in the elderly.
Keywords:Beers criteria, elderly, polypharmacy

[1] McLean AJ, Le Couteur DG, Aging biology and geriatric clinical pharmacology, Pharmacol Rev,56 ,2004,163-84.
[2] Jorgensen T, Johansson S, Kennerfalk A, Wallander MA, et al, Prescription drug use, diagnoses, and healthcare utilization among
the elderly, Ann Pharmacother ,35,2001,1004-9.
[3] Kennerfalk A, Ruigomez A, Wallander MA, Wilhelmsen L, Johansson S, Geriatric drug therapy and healthcare utilization in the
United kingdom, Ann Pharmacother,36, 2002, 797-803.
[4] Spinewine A, Schmader KE,Barber N,etal, Appropriate prescribing in elderly people.How well can it be measured & optimised?
Lancet ,370, 2007,173-84.
[5] Lohani SP, Thapa P, Aryal UR, Satyal KR, Polypharmacy and geriatric patients: patterns of prescribing in the Tribhuvan
University Teaching Hospital in Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc ,4,2006,1-4.
[6] Harugeri A, Joseph J, Parthasarathi G, Ramesh M, Guido S, Potentially inappropriate medication use in elderly patients: A study
of prevalence and predictors in two teaching hospitals. J Postgrad Med ,56, 2010, 186-91.
[7] Niwata S, Yamada Y, Ikegami N, Prevalence of inappropriate medication using Beers criteria in Japanese long term care facilities.
BMC Geriatr,6, 2006 ,1.
[8] Zaveri HG, Mansuri SM, Patel VJ, Use of potentially inappropriate medicines in elderly: A prospective study in medicine outpatient
department of a tertiary care teaching hospital.Indian J Pharmacolgy ,42(2),2010,95-98.
[9] Shah RB, Gajjar BM, Desai SV, Evaluation of the appropriateness of prescribing in geriatric patients using Beers criteria and
Phadke's criteria and comparison thereof, J Pharmacol Pharmacother,2(4), 2011,248-52.
[10] Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al, Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
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Abstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between heat stress and indicators of autonomic nervous system activity in workers of the Thermal Power Station. A total of 123 employees between 12-58yrs of age from a company that produces electricity were recruited for participation in this study. Thermal stress was assessed in workers exposed to heat to temperature between 380 C to 430C in Boiler section . The workers were divided into four groups depending on duration of exposure. Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure was recorded and plasma catecholamine's concentration was measured by an HPLC-ECD. Information on demographic characteristics, previous job history, smoking status and alcohol consumption was also collected. Blood pressure was significantly higher with prolonged duration of stressful (heat) stimuli.The plasma catecholamine's levels increases significantly. The results of the present study indicate that these modifications are related with the duration of exposure to heat. It is presumed that these effects are due to activation of autonomic nervous system and Hypothalamo-Hypypophyseal adrenal axis and resultant release of catecholamine's from adrenal medulla due to heat stress. These suggest that the risk of hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is greater in these workers.
Keywords:heat stress, systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood pressure plasma epinephrine, plasma nor-epinephrine, CHD

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