iosr-JDMS   Volume-2 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Aim and Objective: One of the major public health challenges globally is the impact of the converging dual epidemics of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis-HIV coinfection, and the relationship between tuberculosis and CD4/ESR in HIV patients in Niger Delta region of Nigeria.
Keywords: Tuberculosis (TB), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). CD4 count, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

[1] World health science- tuberculosis worldwide statistics and infectious rate. http://www.worldhealthsciences.com/tuberculosistb.
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[2] Egah TE, Okoli CU. Tuberculosis in Jos Nigeria: A 9 year Review of Laboratory Report at Jos University Teaching Hospital
(JUTH). Nigeria Med Pract. 2004; 46: 36-46
[3] HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis coinfection. USAID/Nigeria. nigeria.usaid.gov/programs/hivaids-and-tuberculosis
[4] Post FA, Wood R, Pillay GP. Pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV infection: radiographic appearance is related to CD4+ T-lymphocyte
count. Tubercle and Lung Dis 1995;76:518-21.
[5] From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1993 revised classification system for HIV infection and expanded
surveillance case definition for AIDS among adolescents and adults. JAMA 1993; 269:729.
[6] Iliyasu Z, Babashani M. Prevalence and predictors of tuberculosis coinfection among HIV-seropositive patients attending the
Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, northern
[7] Nigeria. J Epidemiol. 2009;19(2):81-7
[8] Salami AK, Katibi IA. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis: pattern and trend in the University of Ilorin
Teaching Hospital. Afr J Med Med Sci. 2006 Dec;35(4):457-60.
[9] Pennap G, Makpa S, Ogbu S. Sero-prevalence of HIV infection among tuberculosis patients in a rural tuberculosis referral clinic in
northern Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2010 Jun 21;5:22
[10] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Morb Mortal
Wkly Rep 2000;49:1-51.

Abstract:Objectives: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinses against Streptococcus mutans. Search strategy: The following electronic retrieval systems and databases were selected for identification of studies. The Cochrane central register of controlled trials, Pub Med, LILACS / BBO, MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT. Selection criteria: Studies with both herbal and chlorhexidine mouth rinse with outcome measure like zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration were included for this review. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that, compared to herbal mouth rinse, chlorhexidine mouth rinse provided better results in its antimicrobial efficacy against streptococcus mutans. Further research could study the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal mouth rinse in greater depth and in vivo clinical testing is essential to confirm the in vitro results.
Keywords:Herbal mouth rinse, antimicrobial activity, streptococcus mutans, chlorhexidine mouth rinse.

[1.] Van Leeumen M.P.C, Slot D.E and Van Der Weijden. Essential oils compared to chlorhexidine with respect to plaque and parameters of gingival inflammation: A systematic Review. Journal of Periodontology 2011; 82(2); 174-194.
[2.] Ranjan Malhotra, Vishakha Grover, Anoop Kapoor, Divya Saxena. Comparison of the effectiveness of a commercially available herbal mouthrinse with chlorhexidine gluconate at the clinical and patient level. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 2011; 15(4); 349- 352.
[3.] Flotra L, Gjermo P, Rolla G, Waerhaug J. Side effects of chlorhexidine mouthwashes. Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research 1971;
79; 119-125.
[4.] Needleman IG. A guide to systematic reviews. Journal of Clinical Periodontlogy 2002; 29(suppl.3); 6-9.
[5.] Pooja Agarwal, Nagesh L, Murlikrishnan. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of various concentrations of Tulsi (ocimum sanctum) extract against streptococcus mutans: An in vitro study. Indian Journal of Dental Research 2010; 21; 3357-359.
[6.] Dalirsani. Z, Aghazadeh. M, Amirchaghmaghi. M, Pakfetrat. A. In vitro comparison of the antimicrobial activity of ten herbal extracts against streptococcus mutans with chlorhexidine. Journal of Applied sciences 2011; 11(5); 878-882.
[7.] Vijaya Hegde, Vasavi. A study to assess the antibacterial effect of Triphala churna against streptococcus mutans-an in vitro study.
Journal of Postgraduate Dentistry 2011; 1(2); 13-14.
[8.] Mansour Amin, Maryam Kazemi, Neda Rasaie. In Vitro Comparison of the Effects of Garlic Juice and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash on oral pathogen. Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology 2012; 1(1).
[9.] Fereshteh Sedighinia, Akbar Safipour Afshar, Saman soleimanpour, Reza zarif, Javad Asili, Kiarash Ghazvini. Antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra against oral pathogens: an in vitro study. Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine 2012; 2(3); 118-124.
[10.] Hasanali Shafiee, Hamed Mortazavi, Maryam Baharvand, Guita Eslami, Sedigheh Bakhtiari, Soodabeh Taheri, Fatemeh Namazi, Amin Asgari and Somayyeh Azimi . Iranian traditional medicine: Comparison of the antibacterial effect of ANNAS 0.2% and chlorhexidine 0.2%. African Journal of Microbiology Research 2012; 6(15), 3600-3603.

Abstract:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality. A both environmental and genetic factor contributes to the development of CAD. Renin angiotensin system which regulates blood pressure plays an important role in pathogenesis of CAD. Angiotensinogen (AGT), Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) are the major components of Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). Objective of the study is to examine whether these RAS component gene polymorphisms have any impact on severity of CAD.
Keywords:Coronary Artery Disease, severity, Renin Angiotensin System, Gene polymorphism

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2001; vol1: no 2.

Abstract:Background: Ocular dominance is the tendency to prefer visual input from one eye to the other. VEPs are the electrical potentials recorded from the scalp in response to visual stimuli to assess conduction pathway from the retina to the occipital cortex. Objectives: 1. to determine ocular dominance. 2. To compare the latency and amplitude of Visual evoked potentials in dominant and non dominant eye.
Keywords:Visual evoked potentials, ocular dominance

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Abstract:This study was carried to study the effect of addiction and functional impotence on fertility of male. Semen analysis of 125 males was done. Five groups ware made Ist group was of 25 fertile Chewers, Smokers, Alcoholics and Functional impotants ; each contains 25 subjects. The Physical Parameters were volume, motility and sperm count while biochemical parameters were ascorbic acid and fructose. The total count and total motile count was significantly decreased in tobacco chewers, smokers and alcoholics. The total count was decreased in functional impotants' group but this was not significant, but decrease in total motile sperm count was significant. The ascorbic acid concentration in semen of these studied four groups was lowered as compared to control group. But this decreased concentration was not significant. This finding indicates that lower quality of semen contains low concentration of ascorbic acid. While another biochemical parameter fructose, its concentration is significantly increased in studied four groups as compared to control group. It shows that percentage of fructose in the semen depends on sperm concentration and it was inversely proportional to the sperm concentration. The present study indicates that addictions and functional impotence causes decrease in male fertility potential.

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Abstract:Communicable Diseases which were the leading causs of mortality in the beginning of the twentieth century have now been replaced by Non-Communicable Diseases which account for almost two-thirds of all deaths presently in India. Considering the high prevalence of CKD risk factors it has long been presumed that CKD represents a major public health problem in our country. This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of CKD. Materials and Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the 1200 respondents, 20 years and above, residing in a coastal area of Villupuram district, over a period of 6 months (Feb-July) using a pre-structured and validated questionnaire. The questionnaire included information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and awareness of CKD risk factors. Random blood sugar and spot urinary protein and sugar using urinalysis dipsticks were measured. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version, p value <0.05 was considered significant.
Keywords:Prevalence, non-communicable diseases, CKD, risk factors.

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Abstract:Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum adiponectin level and metabolic syndrome and to identify factors influencing adiponectin level. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed for a period of 2 years, employing 90 subjects including 60 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and 30 apparently normal individuals in Dept of Biochemistry RIMS in collaboration with Department of Medicine, RIMS Imphal. Metabolic syndrome was identified in both groups according to International Diabetes Federation Criteria (IDF).General characteristics,lipid parameters, HbA1c value were obtained for each subject.
Keywords:Adiponectin ,Diabetes ,Metabolic Syndrome

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Abstract:Introduction: HIV causes morbidity and mortality in infants and children, pertaining to its motherto- child transmission (MTCT) risk. MTCT which occur during pregnancy, labour and breastfeeding, is responsible for 90% childhood HIV infection. The main objective of the prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is to reduce the transmission of HIV infection from HIV infected mothers to their off springs. AIM:Our objective was to determine the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge of pregnant women.
Keywords:HIV/AIDS, Awareness, Pregnant women.

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