iosr-JDMS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-1

Abstract:Objective: Review was done to study how H. Pylori contributes to idiopathic Parkinsonism was discovered. Method: I searched the electronic databases for studies related to Prevalence of H pylori in Parkinson's disease (Epidemiological studies and recruitment figures for clinical trial) and H. Pylori eradication in Parkinson's disease Randomised controlled trials and clinical controlled trials (nonrandomised). Finding: Prevalence of H. Pylori in Parkinsonism patient varied. The case control studies were conducted by many authors. Taking controls as siblings and assessed exposure by seropositivity of the cases for H Pylori. Two studies observed cohort effect in seropositivity of H. Pylori in PD. Studies done in mice reported increase in motor symptoms in mice infected with H. Pylori, similar to Parkinson. Randomised controlled trials have shown increased improvement in motor symptoms of Parkinson after eradication therapy of H. Pylori. One clinical trial also reported the same.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, levodopa, Parkinson's disease

[1] European Parkinson disease association 2011. Available at http://www.epda.eu.com/en/parkinsons/ (citated on 4. April.2012)
[2] K. Rees , R. Stowe, S. Patel , N. Ives , K. Breen , C. Clarke, and Y. Ben-Shlomo , Helicobacter pylori eradication for Parkinson's
disease, Cochrane Database of Systematic.2011
[3] K. McColl , Helicobacter pylori infection, N Engl J Med, 362, 2010, 1597-604
[4] RR. Strang, The association of gastro-duodenal ulceration with Parkinson's disease, Med J Austr, 52, 1965, 842–3.
[5] RJ. Dobbs , Role of chronic infection and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract in the etiology and pathogenesis of idiopathic
parkinsonism, Part 1: eradication of Helicobacter in the cachexia of idiopathic parkinsonism. Helicobacter, 10(4), 2005, 267-75.
[6] E. Altschuler , Gastric Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of idiopathic Parkinson disease and non-arteric anterior optic
ischemic neuropathy, Med Hypotheses, 47(5), 1996, 413-4.
[7] A. Charlett , Parkinsonism: siblings share Helicobacter pylori seropositivity and facets of syndrome,. Acta Neurol Scand, 99(1),
1999, 26-35.
[8] SM. Dobbs, Link between Helicobacter pylori infection and idiopathic parkinsonism, Med Hypotheses 55(2), 2000, 93-8
[9] RJ. Dobbs, Parkinsonism: differential age-trend in Helicobacter pylori antibody, Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 14(9),
2000, 1199–205.
[10] M. Pierantozzi, Reduced L-dopa absorption and increased clinical fluctuations in Helicobacter pylori-infected Parkinson's disease
patients, Neurol Sci, 22(1), 2001, 89-91.

Abstract:After root canal obturation of sound posterior teeth, dentists are always in hurry of giving full crown. They are not serious in giving proper post endodontic restoration which results in fracture of tooth or restoration, if patient delays the full crown treatment. The inherent causes of failures are rarely evaluated. Thus, it was the purpose of this study to analyze the opinion of practicing dentist and after 24 months of clinical observation to present a logical approach to this subject as the final success of endodontic treatment is depend on the proper and timely coronal restoration.
Keywords:fracture, full crown, Obturation, post endodontic restoration, posterior teeth

[1] Gillmore, Lund, Balesand and Vernetti – Restoration of endodontically treated teeth.Textbook of Operative Dentistry, 4th edition,
1994 : 355 – 64.
[2] Summit, Robbins, Hilton and Schwartz – Restoration of endonditcally treated teeth. Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry, 3rd
edition, 2006: 570 -87.
[3] Hunter AJ – Effect of post placement on endodontically treated teeth. J of Prosthetic Dent, 1989; 62 : 166 – 72.
[4] Anil Kishan – Mechanism and risk factor for fracture predilection in endodontially treated teeth. Endodontic Topics, 2006; 13: 57 – 83.
[5] Ray HA and Trope M – Periapical status of endodontically treated teeth in relation to the technical quality of the root filling and the
coronal restoration. Int. Endodontic J, 1995; 28: 8 – 12.
[6] Abu Hasan MZ, Abu Hammod OA Harrison A – Stress distribution associated with loaded ceramic only restoration with different
design of marginal preparation. J of Oral Rehabilitation, 2000;27 (4): 294 –
[7] Earnest S. Reeh, Harold H Messer & William Douglas – Reduction in tooth stiffness as a result of endodontic and restorative
procedure J of Endodontic, 1989; 15(11): 512.

Abstract:Purpose: goal was to study the intra-operative pain experienced by patients when topical alone was used compared with topical anesthesia with intracameral lidocaine injection. To study the patient and surgeon satisfaction when the two different types of anesthesia are used. Setting/Venue: Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal, India. Methods: 40 patients of cataract divided into two groups, A and B each containing 20 patients were included in the study. phacoemulsification was performed on group A under topical anesthesia with proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5% and on group B under topical anesthesia along with intracameral infiltration of 2% lidocaine. Un co-operative patients, those with previous ocular trauma and corneal opacities were excluded from the study. All patients in both groups were operated by the same surgeon. The surgeon and patient satisfaction score was entered in a standardized proforma. Results: 6 patients in group A felt no pain while 3 patients felt pain upto the extent that 0.5 cc of 2% lidocaine was needed to infiltrate at the phaco port site. Thereafter the procedure was competed comfortably and pain free. Mean phacoemulsification time was 2.5 minutes and mean operation time was 30 minutes. In group B, the patients were operated after infiltration of 0.5 cc 2% lidocaine injection
Key words:intracameral lidocaine, intraoperative pain, phacoemulsification, topical anesthesia, surgeon's satisfaction

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Abstract:We describe a 10 years old male who suffered from diminution of vision and raised intra ocular pressure (left eye was more severely affected than the right), the use of some ophthalmologic examinations to evaluate the anatomic structures and visual functions of both eyes. Slit lamp and biometric examinations showed very large corneas, very deep anterior chambers, short vitreous length and miotic left pupil. Gonioscopy showed excessive mesenchymal tissue in the angle of the anterior chamber. Corneal transparency, corneal thickness and lens were normal. Because the patient had bilateral megalocornea, raised IOP, deep anterior chamber and atrophic changes in the iris, anterior megalophthalmos was diagnosed. The case was studied in detail as the condition is rare. Secondary effects such as iridodonesis, miosis, atrophy of the iris stroma , lens subluxation and occurrence of cataractous lens should be kept in mind. The importance of biometric data for diagnosis and differential diagnosis in primary infantile glaucoma and other diseases with megalocornea is discussed..
Keywords:gonioscopy, infantile glaucoma, meegalocornea, megalophthalmos, raised IOP

[1] Robinson DH. Peter R Laibson, George O Waring, Editor. Diseases of the Cornea In: Paediatric Ophthalmology 2nd ed; (West
Washington Square Philadelphia, WB Saunders Company1983);468-470
[2] Tsai CK, Lai IC, Kou HK, Tong MC, Fang PC. Chang Gung Med J 2005 Mar;28(3):191-5
[3] Roche O, Dureau P, Uteza Y, Dufier JL. Congenital Megalocornea. J Fr Ophthalmol.2002 Mar;25(3):312-8
[4] Miere FM, Dellman JW. Biometry in X linked megalocornea pathognomonic findings: Br J Ophthalmol 1994;78:781-85
[5] Allingham RR, Damji FK et al. Childhood glaucomas classification and examination. Shields Text Book Of Glaucoma 6thed;(New
Delhi,Walters Kluwer (India) Pvt Ltd 2011);206-208

Abstract:Candida dubliniensis diarrhea is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised hosts. C.dubliniensis shares many of its phenotypic characters with the more common pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Differentiation of the two species is important in view of the antifungal resistance reported in C.dubliniensis. A 21 year old female patient presented with diarrhea, fever, shortness of breath to the casualty. She was diagnosed with Systemic lupus erythematosis few months back when she complained of redness of face, fever, and rash on trunk and was put on corticosteroid treatment. Wet mount examination of stool revealed the presence of Candida pseudohyphae. Culture on SDA was subjected for germ tube test and chlamydospore formation, which was positive. Sparse growth on SDA at 42°C and no growth at 45°C differentiated the species from C.albicans. The patient succumbed to the infection even when the antifungal treatment was started.
Keywords:Candida dubliniensis, Diarrhea.

[1] Vaishnavi C, Kaur S, Prakash S. Speciation of Fecal Candida isolates in antibiotic associated diarrhea in non-HIV patients. Jpn.J.Infect. Dis., 61, 1-4, 2008.

[2] Anane S, Kallel K, Kaouech E, Belhaj S, Chaker E. Candida dubliniensis: a novel emerging species. Ann Biol Clin (Paris). 2007 Jan-Feb; 65(1):13-9.

[3] Coleman DC, Sullivan DJ, Bennett DE, Moran GP, Barry H J, and Shanley DB. 1997. Candidiasis: the emergence of a novel species, Candida dubliniensis. AIDS 11:557–567.

[4] Sullivan D, Coleman D. 1998. Candida dubliniensis: characteristics and identification. J. Clin. Microbiol. 36:329–334

[5] Schoofs A, Odds FC, Colebunders R, Ieven M, and Goosens H. 1997. Use of specialised isolation media for recognition and identification of Candida dubliniensis isolates from HIV-infected patients. Eur. J. Clin. Infect. Dis. 16:296–300

[6] Khlif M, Sellami A, Sellami H, Makni F, Ayadi A. Candida dubliniensis: Identification methods and epidemiologic implication. Pathol Biol (Paris). 2011 Jun; 59(3):166-72.

[7] Pinjon E,Sullivan D, Salkin I,Shanely D,Coleman D. Simple, inexpensive and reliable method for differentiation of Candida dubliniensis from Candida albicans. J Clin Microbiol, July 1998, vol 36, no7, p 2093-2095.

Abstract:Oral submucous fibrosis is a disease due to chronic, insidious change in fibroelasticity, characterized by burning sensation in the oral cavity, blanching and stiffening of the oral mucosa & oro-pharynx leading to trismus & inability to open the mouth. It is predominately seen in Indians & other Asians. The pathogenesis of the disease is thought to be multifactorial. A wide range of treatment consisting of drug management, surgical therapy & physiotherapy have been attempted till date with varying degree of benefit, but none of them have proved to be a cure for this disease. In literatures very less information is given about prosthetic treatment of patients with oral submucous fibrosis.
Keywords:Conservative management, Oral submucous fibrosis, Prosthodontic rehabilitation

[1] Canniff JP, Harvey W, Harris M. Oral submucous fibrosis: its pathogenesis and management. Br Dent J 1986;160:429-34.
[2] Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: etiology, pathogenesis and future research. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1994;72(6):985-96.
[3] Jayanthi V, Probert CS, Sher KS, Mayberry JF. Oral submucous fibrosis: a preventable disease. Gut 1992;33:4-6.
[4] Simpson W. Submucous fibrosis. Br J of Oral Surg 1969;6:96.
[5] Pindborg JJ, Sirsat SM. Oral submucous fibrosis. Oral Surg 1966;22:764-79.
[6] Rajendra R, Vijay kumar R, Vasudan OM. An alternate pathogenic pathway of oral submucous fibrosis. Medical Hypothesis 1989;30:35-37.
[7] Wahi EN. The epidemiology of oral and prophyryngeal cancer. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1968;38:495-521.
[8] Tabassum S, Nagda SJ. Oral submucous fibrosis-case report of a prosthodontic rehabilitation. J Indian Prostho Society 2001;1:35-37.
[9] Ram SM. Prosthodontics at a glance: questions & answers. Ist edn.

Abstract:A 13 Year old female came for a consultation with chief complaints of protrusive lips and a gummy smile. The clinical examination showed a convex profile, a retrognathic mandible, excessively proclined and extruded maxillary incisors, and skeletal class II malocclusion with bimaxillary dento alveolar protrusion. Treatment was started using conventional mechanics for intrusion and retraction of upper anterior teeth, thereby improving soft tissue profile and correction of gummy smile. But only orthodontic treatment was not enough for correction of excessive gingival display during smile secondary to hyperactive upper labial muscle activity. Thus injection of Botulinum toxin type-A was given to correct gummy smile as an adjunctive treatment. Excellent correction of gummy smile following 2 weeks of Botox injection was achieved without any side effects. The patient received a satisfactory occlusion and an attractive smile.
Keywords:Gummy smile, neuromuscular correction, Botox.

[1] Hulsey CM. An esthetic evaluation of lip-teeth relationships present in the smile. Am J Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop.1970; 57 (2):132 -144.
[2] Ker AJ, Chan R, Fields HW, Beck M, Rosenstiel S.Esthetics and smile characteristics from the layperson's perspective: a computer- based survey study. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008; 139(10):1318-1327.
[3] Peck S, Peck L, Kataja M. The gingival smile line. Angle Orthod. 1992; 62(2):91-100. [4] Mazzuco and Hexsel: Gummy smile and botulinum toxin: A new approach based on the gingival exposure area. J AM Acad Dermatol, vol 63, no 6, 1042-1051. [5] Goldstein RE. Estética em Odontologia. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Guanabara Koogan; 1980.
[6] Textbook of microbiology, seventh edition-2005,reprint, Ananthnarayan and paniker.
[7] G. W. C. Jaspers, J. Pijpe, J. Jansma: The use of botulinum toxin type A in cosmetic facial procedures. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2011; 40: 127–133.
[8] Proffit WR, Fields HW, Sarver DM. Contemporary orthodontics. St Louis: Mosby Year Book; 2007.
[9] Robbins JW. Differential diagnosis and treatment of excess gingival display. Pract Periodontontics Aesthet Dent 1999;11:265-72. [10]. Silberberg N, Goldstein M, Smidt A. Excessive gingival display—etiology, diagnosis, and treatment modalities. Quintessence Int 2009;40:809-18.
[10] Pessa JE. Improving the acute nasolabial angle and medial nasolabial fold by levator alae muscle resection. Ann Plast Surg 1992;29:23-30.

Abstract:Since from the introduction of cephalometric analysis in diagnosis and orthodontic treatment planninjg, it plays a major role .So many efforts have been made by various studies to standardize the values for different reces , to minimize the distortion and magnification , to create universally accepted analysis, even after this still so many limitations are there in diagnosis of orthodontic treatment. So in this review we have made effort to enlight such limitation and aware during planning treatment using cephalometric analysis.

[1] Houston W. The analysis of errors in orthodontic measurements. Am J Orthod1983;83:382-90.
[2] Bergersen EO. Enlargement and distortion in cephalometric radiography. Compensation tables for linear measurements. Angle Orthod 1980; 50:230-44.85
[3] Reiten Karre. As citied in "Biochemical principal and reaction" Graber and Swain, Mosby,1991
[4] Bholaji S.I. As citied in "Cephalomateic file"
[5] Graber T.M. In "Clinical alterations of growing face". Monoorgraph no. 12
[6] Baumrind S, Frantz R. The reliability of head film measurements. 1. Landmark identification. Am J Orthod 1971;60:111-27.
[7] Björk A. The relationship of the jaws to the cranium. In: Lundstrom A, ed. Introduction to orthodontics. New York: McGr aw Hill Book Company, 1960:104-40.
[8] Ricketts R. Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometric. Angle Orthod 1981;51:115-50.
[9] Steiner CC. Cephalometrics for you and me. Am J Orthod 1953;39:729–55.
[10] Steiner CC. Cephalometrics in clinical practice. Angle Orthod 1959;29:8–29.

Abstract:Elimination of the bacteria in the root canal is the key goal in endodontic treatment. Mechanical instrumentation and irrigation alone does not render the canal free of bacteria. Repair of damaged tissue is expected after providing sterile environment. Due to the polymicrobial nature of the infected root canal, combination of antibacterial drug is required. The recent concept of lesion sterilization and repair using triantibiotic paste has suppressed the root canal pathogen to allow healing in large periapical lesion and vital tissue growth in immature teeth with periapical periodontitis. This paper reviews the rationale of antibiotic mixture compared to calcium hydroxide, antibacterial efficiency, current application, tissue reaction and disadvantages.
Keywords:3Mix-MP, triple antibiotic paste, regenerative endodontics, revascularization, periapical lesion, non surgical endodontics

[1] Baumgartner J.C, Siqueira J.F, Sedgley C.M, Kishen A. Microbiology of endodontic disease in Ingle's Endodontics. Chapter 7. 6th ed. John I Ingle 2008:221-308.
[2] Peters OA, Laib A, Gohring TN, Barbakow. Changes in root canal geometry after preparation assessed by high resolution computed tomography. J Endod 2001; 27, 1-6.
[3] Iwaku M, Hoshino E, Kota K. Lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) therapy: new pulpal treatment. How to conserve infected pulps. Tokyo, Japan: Nihon-Shika-Hyoron, 1996.
[4] Trope M. Treatment of the immature tooth with a non-vital pulp and apical periodontitis. Dental Clinics of North America 2010; 54, 313-24.
[5] Doyon GE, Dumsha T, von Fraunhofer JA. Fracture resistance of human root dentin exposed to intracanal calcium hydroxide. J Endod 2005;3:895-7.
[6] Chueh L-H, Huang GTJ. Immature teeth with periradicular periodontitis or abscess undergoing apexogenesis: a paradigm shift. J Endod 2006;32:1205–13.
[7] Banchs F, Trope M. Revascularization of immature permanent teeth with apical periodontitis: new treatment protocol? J Endod 2004;30:196–200.
[8] Mohammadi Z, Abbott PV. On the local applications of antibiotics and antibiotic-based agents in endodontics and dental traumatology. Int Endod J. 2009 Jul;42(7):555-67.
[9] Tripathi KD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology. 5 th edition, New Delhi, 1985.
[10] Hoshino E, Kurihara-Ando N, Sato I, Uematsu H, Sato M, Kota K, et al. In vitro antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria from infected root dentin to a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline. Int Endod J. 1996;29:125–30

Abstract:The ethanol extract of Bryophyllum pinnatum was investigated for possible anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats was carried out using acetic acid-induced abdominal contractions in mice and formalin-induced hind paw edema in rats. . Three doses of the extract (50, 100, and 200mg/kg body weight) were used intraperitoneally for both anti-nociceptive and anti- inflammatory studies. There was a significant effect (P<0.05) for the anti-nociceptive study, the highest activity resides at the lowest dose 50mg/kg body weight of the extract, while for the anti-inflammatory study (P<0.05) the activity resides more at the dose of 100mg/kg. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract revealed the presences of alkaloid, triterpenoid, saponin, glycerin, flavonoid,, glycerin and steroid. The intraperitoneal LD50 is 774 mg/kg body weight in mice. The results support the local use of the plant in painful and inflammatory condition..
Keywords:Bryophyllum pinnatum Anti-nociceptive; anti-inflammatory; Ethanol, Formalin, Acetic acid.

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Abstract:Lightning strike can result in varied neurologic consequences ranging from hypoxic encephalopathy to intracranial hemorrhage. However, lightning strike resulting in cerebellar stroke is very rare. We present the case of a patient who developed cerebellar ataxia following a lightning strike. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed infarcts in both cerebellar hemispheres. The patient recovered with minimal disabilities with standard treatment of ischemic stroke. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of such an association and highlights the relatively complete functional recovery of patients in a very rare situation.
Keywords:Cerebellar ataxia, cerebellar infarct, lightning.

[1] S. Aslan, S. Yilmaz, O. Karcioglu. Lightning: an unusual cause of cerebellar infarction. Emerg Med J 2004; 21: 750-51.
[2] T. J. Janus, J. Barrash. Neurologic and neurobehavioral effects of electric and lightning injuries. J Burn Care Rehabil 1996; 17:409–15. [3] B. Ozgun, M. Castillo. Basal ganglia hemorrhage related to lightning strike. Am J Neuroradiol 1995;16: 1370-71. [4] A. Aggarwal A, P. Salunke. Bolt from the blue: Basal ganglion bleed following lightning strike. Surg Neurol Intl 2011; 2: 170.
[5] H.H. Tan, S. H. Goh. Lightning injuries: Changi Hospital experience. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2003; 10: 223-32.
[6] M. A. Cooper, C. J. Andrews, R. L. Holle, et al. Lightning injuries. In: Auerbach P,ed. Wilderness medicine. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby, 2001.
[7] M. A. Cooper, C. J. Andrews. Lightning injuries. In: Auerbach PS, Geehr ED, eds. The management of wilderness and environmental injuries. 3rd ed. St Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1995.