iosr-JDMS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-3

Abstract: A well known quote said by cricket legend Sir DON BRADMAN 'Talent wins games, but team work and intelligence wins championship' is also appropriate for dentistry. The team approach to dentistry promotes continuity of care that is comprehensive, convenient, cost effective and efficient. This article presents some of the orthodontic clinical cases treated in collaboration with other dental specialities namely conservative dentistry, oral surgery, periodontics, prosthodontics to produce optimal results.
Keywords: Team work, Interdisciplinary approach, smile makeovers

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posteroanterior cephalograms. Angle Orthod 2005;75:28-34.
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children. Br Dent J 1961;111:43–52.
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Protection Society.

Abstract:Ethiopia is one of the countries in Africa with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. Though the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) improved survival and quality of life, early data from those treated, raised concerns about a possible increase in both peripheral and coronary arterial disease through lipodystrophy, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. Hence an attempt was made in this study to assess the prevalence of lipodystrophy and to understand risk factors in HIV positive subjects receiving HAART. Study participants were men and women who were HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART from Sodo government hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Data was collected on sociodemographic characteristics, HAART use, CD4 count, and subjects' status at the start of treatment, measure of body fat distribution and physical activity. In the present study the prevalence of moderate to severe clinical lipodystrophy in HIV-infected subjects receiving HAART for atleast 6 months was 15.9%, lipoatrophy was 9.1% and lipohypertrophy was 6.8%. Subjects who had been on HAART for 4 yrs or more, engaged in much lighter work intensity and who were underweight and overweight or obese had higher prevalence of lipodystrophy. In multivariate analysis, gender, duration of HAART, work intensity and recent BMI remained significantly associated with overall lipodystrophy. In multivariate analysis, for phenotypes of lipodystrophy, only work intensity remained significantly associated with lipoatrophy whereas work intensity and duration of HAART remained significantly associated with lipohypertrophy. Lipohypertrophy and lipoatrophy were positively associated with diabetes mellitus, while only lipohypertrophy was associated with hypertension. None of the HAART drugs or regimens were significantly associated with lipodystrophy and diabetes mellitus. Lipodystrophy syndrome has severe health consequences, as it may be responsible for stigma, reduced adherence to antiretroviral treatment, and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Keywords: lipodystrophy – associated factors – HIV – highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

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J Clin Nutr 36: 936-942.
[4] Baril, J.G., et al., (2005). "HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome:A review of clinical aspects." C J Infec Dis Med Microbiol
16(4).
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361: 726–735.
[6] Carr, A., et al., (1998). "A Syndrome of peripheral lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in patients receiving HIV
protease inhibitors." AIDS 12: F51-8.
[7] Cheng, D. M. et al., (2009). "Alcohol Consumption and Lipodystrophy in HIV-infected Adults with Alcohol Problems." Alcohol
43(1): 65-71.
[8] Diero, L. O. et al., (2007). "Lipodystrophy in HIV infected patients on long term Antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya."
[9] Duran, S. et al., (2001). "Failure to maintain long-term adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy: the role of lipodystrophy."
AIDS 15: 2441-2444.
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Abstract:Background: India was home to 62.4 million diabetics in the year 2011 and the incidence is on a continuous rise. Of the various risk factors for diabetes smoking is still under debate. Objectives: To assess the association between smoking and diabetes mellitus in a study population and to assess the association between socio demographic factors and diabetes in a study population.
Key words:The study was conducted with 150 Diabetics (Cases) and 150 Non-Diabetics (Controls). Among the 150 Diabetics (Cases), 124 were males and 26 females. And, among the 150 Non- Diabetics (Controls), 124 were males and 26 were females.

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Abstract:Introduction: Supracondylar fractures of the femur in adults are relatively uncommon and account for only 7% of all femoral fractures1. However these fractures are often complex injuries, that present with numerous complications, like mal alignment, flexion contractures, stiffness and limb length discrepancies2 The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of dynamic condylar screw in supracondylar fractures of femur in adults, while comparing the results with other international studies.
Keywords: Supracondylar fracture femur, dynamic condylar screw. ,Primary Osteosynthesis.

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Abstract:This is one of the most common fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons and lot of controversy exist in treating modality of treatment Material and methods: 40 patients of malleolar fractures with young male predominance were treated and followed for average 11 months. 30 patients were treated operatively while 10 conservatively. Fractures were classified using anatomical, Lauge Hansen's classification and AO classification. Complications were noted. Results were assessed using criteria, which included pain and tenderness, movement at ankle and deformity.
Key words: Malleolus, Conservative, Operative, Functional, Movement

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Abstract:Most of the chronic non- communicable diseases are consequences of unhealthy life style practices, resulting in premature morbidity or mortality. The cost of treating chronic diseases has increased the economic and social burden nationally as well as globally. In developing countries such as India, approximately ¾ of the population reside in rural areas experiencing inequalities in health care access.
Key words: Affordable,Behaviour change,Mobile text message,Preventive health service, Rural India

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Abstract:Background:Knowledge of various causes and coexisting factors is necessary to combat malnutrition in community. Objectives: To study the prevalence of PEM and its various socio-demographic correlates in children of 1-6 years in rural community. Method: A cross-sectional study by house to house visit covering 406 children (1-6 years) from the sub centre villages of additional PHC Amarpur in Machhra block of Meerut district.
Key words: under nutrition, malnutrition, nutritional correlates, nutritional status, PEM

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Abstract:The study was aimed to find out risk behavior related to interpersonal violence and demographic correlates among school going adolescents in a rural block of West Bengal .It was a cross sectional study conducted at a co-educational high school at Tarakeshwar block under service area of Medical College Kolkata. Overall 174 adolescents studying in class IX to class XII participated in the study. Proportions, Chi square test and Multivariate logistic regression were highlighted in statistical analysis. Twelve percent of study population thought of killing somebody, 23 % males and 50% females thought of hitting somebody in past 12 months, 12.6 % carried weapon in past 30 days, 6% of study population injured somebody, 16% involved in physical fight inside school, 30.4% repented after physical fight. Risk behavior increased with age and in nuclear families (p<0.05), females were more violent in thinking domain. Findings were nearly similar to those in other countries. Large scale studies can be further informative.
Key words: Adolescents, interpersonal violence, risk-behavior, WHO, weapon

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Abstract:A ten -month-old infant with Diastematomyelia, as a very rare variety of spinal dysraphism is presented in this article Routine USG in a 36 weeks pregnant woman revealed a spinal abnormality of the fetus in thoracolumbar [D12-L1] regions.
Key words: Diastematomyelia, myelomeningocele, meningocele , syringohydromelia,

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anomalies in patients with sonographically detected bony anomalies of the spine. J Ultrasound Med. 2005;24:781–9.
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