iosr-JDMS   Volume-5 ~ Issue-1

Abstract: Understanding muscle architecture of the foot may assist in the design of surgical procedures such as tendon transfer, biomechanical modeling of the foot, prosthesis design, and analysis of foot function. This paper primarily focuses on the variation of Flexor Digitorum Longus and Brevis muscles of foot. Sixty inferior extremities were dissected. While dissecting a body of adult female we observed a small muscle belly taking origin from the medial and lateral processes of the calcaneal tuberosity and get inserted in the distal phalanx of the little toe of right foot. The 4th tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Brevis muscle was absent and the respective tendon of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle to the little toe was atrophied in same foot. This additional muscle belly is pierced by one of branch of lateral planter nerve. The importance of such variations is to be kept in mind during radio-diagnostic procedures and surgical interventions.

Flexor: digitorum longus muscle—unusual presentation, its anatomy and clinical significance

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Foot Ankle 1983; 3: 391-407.
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Abstract: Fibrous Dysplasia of bone is an uncommon congenital skeletal disorder that is found equally in both genders and is not inherited. Fibrous Dysplasia is characterized either monostotic or polyostotic, and may occur as a component of McCune Albright Syndrome or the rare Mazabraud Syndrome. Long bones, skull bones and ribs are most commonly affected bones.1 We present a case of a 18 years old boy having pathological fracture of right shaft femur due to Fibrous Dysplasia associated with Ichthyosis Vulgaris. Clinicoradiological examination further established our diagnosis. Biopsy stated delicate trabeculae of immature bone, with no osteoblastic rimming, enmeshed within a bland fibrous stroma of dysplastic spindle shaped cells without any cellular features of malignancy.

Keywords: Fibrous Dysplasia, Ichthyosis Vulgaris.s

[1] Mohan H, Mittal P, Mundi I, Kumar S. Fibrous Dysplasia of bone : a clinicopathological review. Dove Press Journal Pathology and
Laboratory Medicine International: 2011; 3:31-42.
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P131.
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7(3):155-62.
[6] George R, Srivastava MV: Genodermatoses and Naevi; IADVL‟s Concise Textbook of Dermatology: Chapter 29, Pg-328.
[7] Anand MKN. Fibrous Dysplasia. E-medicine.com 2004.Section 1 to 12.
[8] Harris WH, Dudy HR Jr, Barry RJ. The Natural History of Fibrous Dysplasia.J Bone Joint Sur AM 1962; 44:207.
[9] Krug M, Oji V, Traupe H, Berneburg M. Ichthyoses – Part 1: Differential diagnosis of vulgar ichthyoses and therapeutic options.
JDDG 2009; 7: 511–519. PMID: 19192163.
[10] Oji V, Traupe H. Ichthyoses: differential diagnosis and molecular genetics. Eur J Dermatol 2006; 16: 349-359. PMID: 16935789

Abstract: The light microscopic structure and the effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on the pineal gland of Rhesus monkey was studied in 24 animals. The animals were divided into three groups. Group I normal controls, Group II after unilateral and Group III after bilateral ganglionectomy. The animals in group II were sacrificed 15 days and group III were sacrificed 21 days after the operation. Every seventh slide of serial paraffin sections were stained with H&E stain, Red Holzer's stain for glial fibers, Weigert's and Van Gieson's stain, Weil's stain for myelin sheath, Peter's protein silver stain for nerve fibers and Glee's stain for degenerating nerve fibers .

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and Technique,305-309, 1999
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innervation from the two superior cervical ganglia and for sprouting following unilateral denervation," J Pineal Res. 8(1),1 -10. 1990.
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study." Neuroscience.21(3):893-902, Jun 1987.

Abstract: Dermatofibroma , also known as benign fibrous histiocytoma is a soft tissue tumor that usually occur in the mid adult life and shows a slight female predominance. Giant dermatofibroma , a very rare clinical variant is characterised by its unusually large size , benign biological behaviour despite its large size and same histopathological characterstics as conventional dermatofibroma .. We report a case of a 20 years old female presenting with a rapidly enlarging large mass in right leg in calf muscle region with history of progressive enlargement for past 4 years. The mass measured 13cm in greatest dimension. The patient underwent total excision of the tumor with wide local margin and histopathological examination confirmed it to be Giant dermatofibroma. Microscopic picture showed fibroblastic proliferation with collagen production , histiocytes and storiform pattern and focal lymphocytic infiltrates. Regular follow up showed no recurrence .This case is reported due to its very rare occurance , academic interest and to differentiate giant dermatofibroma from other such conditions such as desmoid tumor and dermofibrosarcoma protubens .

Keywords: Dermatofibroma, Desmoid, Fibrous histiocytoma , Variant ,n.

[1] Kamino H , Salcedo E. Histopathologic and Immunohistochemical diagnosis of benign and malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors of the
skin . Dermatol Clin 1999;17:487-505
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[3] Vali R G , Valia A R . IADVL Textbook Of Dermatology . 3rd ed. Mumbai:Bhalani publishing House ;2006
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dermatofibroma :J Am Acad Dermatol 1994 May ;30(5):714-718
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;98(2):121-124
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Abstract: This study is to evaluate the cytopathological profile of cervical smear of women that came for voluntary screening at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, from August 2008 –to July 2012. A total of 3,284 cervical smears were done during the study period with age range of 15-89yrs. There were 2,021 (61.5%) normal smears, 478 (14.6%) inflammatory smears, 533 (16.2%) abnormal epithelial lesions (squamous and glandular lesions) and 232 (7.7%) unsatisfactory smears. Of the premalignant lesions, LSIL accounted for 74.1% of them with the majority of them (48.6%) occurring in the age group 50-59years. The major finding of this study is the relatively high rate of premalignant/malignant lesions (16.2%) in comparison to those reported from the western world and other developing countries. Since this is the first study of this kind in our centre, it means that more emphasis should be placed on routine screening and patients found to be positive for premalignant lesions should be managed seriously and closely monitored. Preventive vaccine should also be given to females less than 13 years of age, since this study shows that the pattern of cervical screening in our environment is not favorable.

Key words: Cervical Cancer, Screening

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841.
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6(4): 272-279.
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and management. IJC 2000; 86 (3): 440-447.
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1991; 12(1): 55-61.
[6] Anorlu RI, Abdul-kareem FB, Abudu OO, Oyekan TO. Cervical cytology in an urban population in Lagos, Nigeria. J. Obstet
gynaecol. 2003; 23 (3): 28-8.
[7] Chukwudi LI, Onuigbo WIB, Mgbor NC. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol. 2003;20: 109-112.
[8] Nwosu OB, Okafor CI, Obiechine NJ, Odike MA. The pattern of cervical cytology in Obstetrics and gynaecology clinics in Nnewi,
South-Eastern Nigeria. OJM 2010; 22 (1-4): 25-28.
[9] The 2001 Bethesda system; Terminology for reporting results of cervical cytology. JMA 2002;287, 2114.
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Pathologic basis of disease. 8th Ed. Elsevier India 2010, pp 1005 – 1063.

Abstract: Paragangliomaof the larynx is a rare tumourthat arises from paraganglion cells. These tumors are generallyconsidered benign and have to be differentiated from other neuroendocrine tumors. Diagnosis relies mostly on histopathological examination followed by immunohistochemistry. Surgical excision generally confers complete cure of the tumor. We hereby present a case of laryngeal paragangliomain a 50- yearoldfemale, who presented with breathlessness, underwent total laryngectomy following a diagnostic microlaryngeal biopsy, which was supported by immunohistochemistry.

Keywords- Immunohistochemistry; Larynx; Neuroendocrine; Paraganglioma

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[2] Wasserman P, Savargaonkar P. Paragangliomas: Classification, Pathology, and Differential Diagnosis, Otolaryngol Clinics N
Am2002;34:845-62.
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diagnosis and differences between atypical carcinoid tumours and small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.Eur Arch
Otorhinolaryngol1995;252:280-6.
[4] Ferlito A, Barnes L, Wenig BM: Identification, classification, treatment, and prognosis of laryngeal paraganglioma. Review of the
literature and eight new cases. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol 1994, 103(7):525-36
[5] Myssiorek D, Rinaldo A, Barnes L, Ferlito A: Laryngeal paraganglioma: an updated critical review. ActaOtolaryngol 2004,
124(9):995-9.
[6] Barnes L: Paraganglioma of the larynx. A critical review of the literature.nORL J OtorhinolaryngolRelat Spec 1991, 53(4):220-34
[7] Batsakis JG, el-Naggar AK, Luna MA: Neuroendocrine tumors of larynx. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol 1992, 101(8):710-4.
[8] 8.Ferito A, Barnes L, Wenig BM: Identification, classification, treatment, and prognosis of laryngeal paraganglioma. Review of the
literature and eight new cases. Ann OtolRhinolLaryngol1994;103:525-36.
[9] Barnes L. Paraganglioma of the larynx. A critical review of the literature. ORL J OtorhinolaryngolRelat Spec 1991;53:220-34.
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Abstract: A case of cerebellar tuberculoma, 17 year old girl, presented with complaints of headache, blurring of vision and difficulty in walking. Non-contrast computed tomography of head revealed obstructive hydrocephalus and a hypodense space occupying lesion in cerebellum. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain with contrast enhancement revealed large conglomerate cerebellar tuberculomas with obstructive hydrocephalus. She received antitubercular therapy and Right Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VP shunt) surgery was done. In immediate post operative period she developed behavior abnormality for a brief duration which improved with conservative treatment. In the early post operative period and during follow up, the patient developed various complications but at the end of 1 year follow up she was cured of the disease without any residual deficit.

Keywords – Behaviour abnormality, Corpus callosum, Tuberculoma, Ventriculoperitoneal shunt

[1] Cherian A, and Thomas SV Central nervous system tuberculosis cases. African Health Sciences 2011; 11(1): 116 – 127.
[2] Rock RB, Olin M, Baker CA, et al. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathogenesis and clinical aspects. Clinical Microbiology
Review. 2008;21:243–261.
[3] M J Arunkumar, V Rajshekhar. Intrasellar tuberculoma presenting as pituitary apoplexy. Neurology India, Year 2001, Volume 49,
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with an attempt to clinical-physiopathological explanation and review of the literature. Radiological Medicine, 2007;112:921-35.
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2002;56:251-6
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and diffusion-weighted imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2007;28:1652-8
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Abstract: Proptosis being a common manifestation of wide variety of diseases inside the orbit and it's spaces, a dilemma always exists regarding it's diagnosis and also outcome after surgical or medical management. Twenty two consecutive cases of proptosis of different age groups presenting in a tertiary care centre of northeast India were reviewed ,with regard to their mode of presentation and management outcome. Analysis revealed relative distribution of the different causes of proptosis in the age group of 4years to 86 years. It also highlighted management outcomes in different cases.

Key Words: Proptosis , Cellulitis, Thyroid eye disease (TED), Pseudotumour , Crouzon syndrome.

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90.
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[4] Demirci H, Shields CL, Shields JA, Honavar SG,Mercado GJ, Tovilla JC. Orbital tumors in the older adult population. Ophthalmology 2002;109:243-8.

Abstract: Sialic acid-rich glycoprotein is found mainly in cell membranes, and elevated levels may indicate excessive cell membrane damage, but more specifically for cells of vascular tissue. Serum total Sialic acid is a marker of the acute phase response. Elevated levels have also been associated with cardiovascular disease especially in Type 2 diabetic subjects. The relation between type2 diabetes mellitus compared to the nondiabetics is not clear. The current study represents association between Sialic acid and cardiovascular disease is stronger in diabetics than in non-diabetic subjects.

Key words: Type2 diabetes mellitus, Sialic acid, cardiovascular diseases.

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Abstract:A new case of immune-deficiency (AIDS) associated Burkitt\'s lymphoma presented with proptosis in a young girl is described here.Lid edema,conjunctival chemosis and acute proptosis progressed over 15 days despite of the systemic antibiotic treatment. CT scan of the orbit revealed the mass from left pterygo-palatine fossa, maxillary sinus antrum invading into the left orbit. Histo-pathological examination of the nasal mass sample revealed \"Starry-Sky\" macrophages typical of Burkitt\'s lymphoma with the immune-histochemistry markers like CD 10 and CD 19 were negative.A literature review discloses very few cases of orbital Burkitt\'s lymphoma which is the rare entity in medical literature. Review results shows that can be treated with intensive chemotherapy and HAART. Key-word: Acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Burkitt\'s Lymphoma (BL),Immune-histochemistry ,Highly active anti-retro viral therapy (HAART).