iosr-JDMS   Volume-5 ~ Issue-2

Abstract: To compare the effects of single dose of two oral medication following single visit root canal therapy in teeth with irreversible pulpitis MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 patients who reported to KVG dental college sullia, seeking treatment on which single visit RCT was performed . In this double blind study anterior or premolar teeth with irreversible pulpitis without any signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis were selected divided into 3 groups randomly. A control group without any medication and two groups receiving a single dose of E-90 and Movon-p respectively immediately after the root canal therapy the intensity of pain was recorded on a 10 point VAS for upto 24hr post operatively. RESULTS :E-90 Etoricoxib-90 (group 1) was found to be clinically significant at 10% more compared to the other two groups in the reduction of post operative pain . (Movon-p) wasmore effective compared to the control group where no medication was given CONCLUSION: A single dose of E-90 considerably reduced thepost operative pain compared to the other two groups taken immediately after the after the RCT of teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Keywords:Irreversible pulpitis, single visit root canal therapy, postoperative pain,analgesics,periapical lesion.

[1] Effects of three oral analgesics on post operative pain following root canal preparation : A controlled clinical trail. IEJ 45 76-82, 2012.

[2] Etoricoxib for arthritis and pain management TherClin Risk Manag. 2006 March; 2(1): 45–57.

[3] preclinical profile and comparison with other agents that selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase-2. J PharmacolExp Ther.2001;296:558–66.

[4] Characterization of etoricoxib, a novel, selective COX-2 inhibitor. J ClinPharmacol. 2003;43:573–85.

[5] The COX-2 inhibitor etoricoxib did not alter the anti-platelet of low dose aspirin in health in healthy volunteers [abstract] Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(Suppl 9):S135. 498.

[6] Pharmacokinetics of etoricoxib in patients with renal impairment.JClinPharmacol. 2004 Jan;44(1):48-58

[7] To evaluate efficacy and safety of fixed dose combination of aceclofenac + paracetamol + thiocolchicoside (acenac-MR) in the treatment of acute low back pain. J Indian Med Assoc. 2012 Jan;110(1):56-8

[8] Treatment of chronic low back pain with etoricoxib, a new cyclo-oxygenase-2 selective inhibitor: improvement in pain and disability--a randomized, placebo-controlled, 3-month trial. J Pain. 2003 Aug;4(6):307-15

[9] COX-2 Selective Inhibitors in the Treatment of Arthritis: A Rheumatologist Perspective Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, Volume 5, Number 5

Abstract: The present study was carried out to find out frequency of chromosomal abnormalities & contribution of environmental, occupational factors in cases of male infertility. 70 males referred for complaints of infertility were included in the present study. The study was carried out in the following steps. 1) Selection of patients 2) Clinical examination of patients 3) Collection of blood and karyotyping 4) Photomicrography 5) Data tabulation and Analysis & 6) Collection of buccal smear for Sex Chromatin Study. Cytogenetic analysis of the infertile males revealed that chromosomal abnormalities were present in 9 patients (12.85%). Among the chromosomal abnormalities, Numerical abnormalities were present in 6 patients (8.57%) and Structural abnormalities were present in 3 patients (4.28%). Among the Numerical abnormalities, most common were 47, XXY(2) and 46,XX(2). Mosaicism i.e. 46,XY(20%)/47,XXY(80%) was seen in one patient. One patient showed a karyotype of 47,X,i (Xq)Y. Among the 3 patients with structural abnormalities, one patient showed a 45,XY,-22 t (14/22) karyotype, one patient showed 46,XY, inv(9) and one patient showed 46,XY, large Y.

Key Words: Karyotype, Chromosome, Infertility

[1] Abdelmoula NB., Amouri A., Portnoi MF., Saad A., Boudawara T., Nabil Mhiri M., Bahloul A., Rebai T. (2004). 'Cytogenetic and Flourescent insitu hybridization assessment of mosaicism in Klinefelter syndrome.' Ann Genet , 47 (2):163–75.
[2] Ali, Mahmood and Prabhakara MG., Babu M., Bajaj V., ManJunath GB., Vasan SS., Prasanna Kumar KM., Kumar Arun (2005). 'Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of infertile males.' :79
[3] Alkhalaf M., Varghese L., Muharib N. (2002). 'A Cytogenetic study of Kuwaiti couples with infertility and reproductive disorders: short arm deletion of chromosome 21 is associated with male infertility.' Annales de Genetique. 45(3):147–9.
[4] Ambasudhan R., Singh K., Agarwal J., Singh S., Khanna A., Sah R., Singh I., Raman R. (2003). 'Idiopathic cases of male infertility from a region in India show low incidence of Y-Chromosome microdeletion.' J. Biosci. 28(5):605 -612.
[5] Badovinac A., Tomljanovic AB., Starcevic N., Vlastelic M., Randic L. (2000). 'Chromosome studies in patients with defective reproductive success.' American Journal of Reproductive Immunology. 44:279–83.
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[7] Carp H, Feldman B, Oelsner G, Schiff E (2004). Parental karyotype and subsequent live births in recurrent miscarriage. Fertility sterility, Vol 81, No 5: 1296 -1301.
[8] Duzcan F., Atmaca M., Cetin G., Bagci H. (2003). 'Cytogenetic studies in patients with reproductive failure.' Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.82:53–56.
[9] ESRE Capri Workshop Group (2004). 'Diagnosis & management of the infertile couple: missing information 10(4): 295-307.
[10] Forejt J. (1974) 'Nonrandom association between a soecific autosome & the X chromosome in meiosis f the male mouse-possible consequences of homologous centromere separation.' 13:241-48.

Abstract: Objective:Available literatures on pattern of adult mortality in accident and emergency (A and E) department of health institutions in many developing countries have been virtually restricted to centres in urban areas. This study aimed at highlighting the basic demographic patterns, the frequency and causes of death in a centre in a rural area of a developing country. Methods:A retrospective analysis of patients' records admitted in A and E department of the Federal Medical Centre Ido Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria over a period of 2yearsfrom January 2011 to December 2012 was carried out. Analysis of data was done with simple descriptive statistics using Statistical Packaging for Social Science (SPSS Inc. Chicago IL) version 16. Results:A total number of 3162 patients attended the A and E department during the study period and there were 122 deaths. Male mortality was 76(62.0%) while female mortality was 46(38.0%) with male to female ratio 1:7:1. The age range was 15 – 87years with mean of 52.04 + 18.70years. More deaths occur in young and middle aged adults (70.4%). Deaths from non-communicable diseases (80.3%) were higher than that from communicable diseases (19.7%). The most common causes of deaths from the former were stroke and road traffic accident, while from the latter were sepsis, HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis in decreasing order. Conclusion:The commonest cause of death in adults is non-communicable disease at the prime productive age, worse in males than females. Many causes of deaths obtained in this report were comparable to what was obtained in urban centres except road traffic accident with lesser frequency and communicable diseases with higher frequency in rural centres.

Key words: Mortality, Accident, Emergency, Rural, Developing country.

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Abstract: Nevi are benign proliferations of nevus cells located either entirely within the epithelium, in both the epithelium and underlying stroma, or in the subepithelial stroma alone. They are best categorized as hamartomas rather than true neoplasms. Nevi of the oral cavity are usually called mucosal melanocytic nevi or intramucosal nevi.These are uncommon oral lesions causing focal pigmentation. Melanotic nevi are benign melanocytic tumours originating from defective melanoblasts of the neural crest. Clinically, it is an asymptomatic, flat or slightly elevated lesion of brown or brown-black colour. It is usually located on the palate and buccal mucosa and rarely on the gingival and vermillion border of lips. Based on histological criteria, intraorally four types of nevi have been described: the intramucosal, junctional, compound and blue. In this article, we are reporting a case of oral pigmented lesion in a female patient on upper and lower vermillion border of lip giving an appearance of a kissing lesion which was histopathogically diagnosed as intramucosal nevus.

Key words: Kissing lesion, oral melanotic nevi, pigmentation, vermillion border of lip

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[8]. Craig L. Hatch. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Dental Clinics of North America 2005; 49(1):185-20

[9]. Fitzpatrick TB, Breatnach AS. Das epidermale melanin-einheitsystem.Dermatol Wschr 1963;147:481-9.

[10]. Mooi WJ, Kraus T. Biopsy pathology of melanocytic disorders.Biopsy pathology series 17. London; Chapman and Hall Medical;1991. p. 346.

Abstract: With the increasing incidence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) & Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains are not a rare phenomenon nowadays. The study was conducted to find out the magnitude of vancomycin resistance and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of those isolates in a tertiary care teaching hospital,Kolkata between August 2009 to July 2011. In this cross sectional study, 714 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified conventionally from various clinical specimens collected from different departments of the hospital. Subsequently,the antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. All the strains found resistant to vancomycin by disc diffusion method were again recruited to E test for confirmation of resistance. Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 to 8 mg/L and MIC of >16mg/L were considered as VISA and VRSA respectively. Vancomycin resistance was seen in 21 isolates of S. aureus by disc diffusion method. Among them 4 isolates were found to be VISA when confirmed by E test with MIC varying between 4 to 6 mg/L. No VRSA was detected. VISA strains were resistant to almost all the commonly used antibiotics showing sensitivity to linezolid only. Though incidence was not so high but emergence of VISA rang an alarm to the infection control committee of this tertiary care centre of eastern India.

Keywords - antibiotic resistance, E test, Eastern India,VISA.

[1] M. Prakash, V. Karthikeyan, Karuppusamy, S., Karmegam. Journal of Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring2006;16:387-389
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[9] Assadullah S, Kakru DK, Thoker MA, Bhat FA, Hussain N, Shah A.. Emergence of low level vancomycin resistance in MRSA. Indian J Med Microbiol 2003;21: 196-198
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Abstract: Introduction: The inverted papilloma ( IP ) is a rare and benign sinonasal tumour, bearing an incidence of 0.75-1.5 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants/ year( representing 0.5-4%) of nasal tumours and 91-99% of cases are unilateral .IP is locally aggressive tumour having propensity for recurrence and association with malignancy , We Report a rare case of inverted papilloma in bilateral nasal cavity . Case Report: A 54 Years old man presenting with history of bilateral nasal obstruction. CT scan Nose and PNS revealed soft tissue density mass in bilateral nasal cavity, Intra-operative bilateral ethmoid sinuses , Lt. maxillary , Lt. sphenoid sinus were found involved, Total removal was done endoscopically , On the basis of clinic-pathological findings , The tumour was diagnosed as inverted papilloma , On follow up patient was disease free .

Conclusion: The very rarity with which inverted papillomas affect the nasal cavities (bilateral) makes this report so important, especially considering post-operative follow up

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[7] Valerie Lund et al,"Endoscopic techniques in the management of Nose ,Paranasal sinus and skull base tumours " on behalf of Rhinologic advisory board , Rhinology supplement 22

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The need for operative fixation of paediatric diaphyseal fractures is increasingly being recognized in the present decade. The conventional traction and casting method for management of pediatric diaphyseal fractures is giving way for the operative stabilization of fractures. Methods: 28 pediatric patients in the age group 6-14 years with diaphyseal fractures were stabilized with minimum of two Enders nails. Patients were followed up clinically and radiologically for 2 years. The final results were evaluated using the criteria of Flynn et all. Technical problems and complications associated with procedures were also analyzed.p

[1]. Kasser JR, Beaty JH. Femoral shaft fractures. In Rockwood and Wilkins, Fractures in Children, 6th ed, Acta Orthopædica Belgica, Vol. 73 - 4 – 2007 490 M. EL-SAYED, M. ABULSAAD, M. ELHADIDI, W. EL-ADL, M. EL-BATOUTY Beaty JH, Kasser JR (eds). 2006; Vol 3, pp 894-936, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
[2]. Hosalkar HS, Pandya NK, Cho RH, Glaser DA. Intramedullary nailing of pediatric femoral shaft fracture. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2011; 74: 139-44.

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[4]. Sponseller PD: Surgical management of pediatric femoral fractures.Instr Course Lect 2002, 51:361-5.
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[8]. Galpin RD, Willis RB, Sabano N: Intramedullary nailing of pediatric Femoral Fractures.

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Abstract: The endoscopic examination of upper gastrointestinal lesions is invaluable in the diagnosis of different neoplastic and non neoplastic conditions. Malignancies of upper GIT are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Early cancer is asymptomatic and highly curable. The advent of the endoscope has greatly facilitated the detection and diagnosis of upper GIT lesions. Brush cytology and biopsy are complementary, and yield is higher when both are employed rather than when one is used.

Key words: Brush cytology, upper GIT lesions, Endoscopy

[1] Vidyavathi K, Harendrakumar ML, Lakshmana Kumar YC. Correlation of endoscopic brush cytology with biopsy in diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal neoplasms. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2008; 51:489 –92.
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[9] National Cancer Registry Programme. First All India Report 2001 -2002. Vol 1 Indian Council of Medical Research 2004, Bangalore, India.
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Abstract: The malignant potential of many epitheial disorders remains obscure till date. Several studies have shown greater inter and intra - observer variability study in the assessment of potentially malignant disorders. Although generally moderate or severe dysplasias (or in-situ carcinomas) show a greater predilection for malignant transformation than mild or non-dysplastic cases, carcinomatous transformation may also take place in non dysplastic cases. Analysis of mutations in tumors, particularly the mutations of p53 gene, PCNA and values of AgNORs are important in assessment of pre-maligant and early malignant disorders. \Some epithelia markers, like ki-67, MIB-1 and cytokeratins are expressed more in potentially malignant disorders. Recently, role of non-collagenous bone proteins has been evaluated. This review article discusses various aspects of immune-histochemical biomarkers in evaluation of potentially malignant disorders.

Key Words: Bone proteins, Cytokeratins, Epithelial biomarkers, Immuno-histochemistry, Prognosis

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Abstract: When the incisors fail to erupt at the normal time, it becomes duty of a clinician to determine the cause and formulate an appropriate treatment plan. Impaction of maxillary permanent incisor is not a frequently case in dental practice, but its treatment is challenging because of its importance to facial esthetics. Although the impaction of a permanent tooth is rarely diagnosed during the mixed dentition period, an impacted central incisor is usually diagnosed accurately when there is delay in the eruption of the tooth. Early diagnosis is very important and interceptive orthodontic treatment could not only improve skeletal mal relationship and eliminate functional interferences, but also may correct disturbances during the eruption. This paper describes the causes, early diagnosis and the orthodontic treatment required in the management of impacted maxillary canines.

Keywords: Eruption disturbances, Odontoma, Orthodontic traction.

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Abstract: Carcinogenesis is a multi-step process which result in uncontrolled cell growth. Mutations in DNA that lead to cancer disrupt these orderly processes by disrupting the programming regulating the processes.. This results in uncontrolled cell division leading to carcinogenesis. Oncogenes are genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. Oncogenes arise by activating mutation of their precursors, the proto-oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes are often directly involved in growth regulation of normal cells. Advances in molecular studies had led to the identification of many oncogenes in cancer formation. This will help in early detection of many cancers. The action of drugs on oncogenes will help in specific treatment of different types of cancers. An overview of the functions, properties and clinical importance of oncogenes is discussed in this review.

Keywords: cancer, cell cycle, oncogenes, cancer therapy

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Abstract: Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external auditory canal; middle ear and open mastoid cavity that is frequently encountered by otolaryngologists. It presents with nonspecific symptoms of itching, earache, ear discharge, hearing loss, aural fullness, and tinnitus. Otomycosis is seen more frequently in immunocompromised patients as compared to immunocompetent persons. Recurrence rate is high in immunocompromised patients and they need longer duration of treatment and complications are more frequent in these patients. In recent years, opportunistic fungal infections are gaining greater importance as a result of possibly increasing number of immunocompromised patients.

Conclusion: Otomycosis; debris; predisposing factors; fungus

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[7]. Pradhan B, Tuladhar NR, Amatya RM. Prevalence of otomycosis in outpatient dept of otologyngology in Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2003;112:384-387.
[8]. K. Murat Ozcan, Muge Ozcan, Aydin Karaarslan, Filiz Karaarslan.Otomycosis in Turkey: predisposing factors, aetiology and therapy.The J Laryngol & Otology, 2003; 117: 39-42.
[9]. Tang Ho, Jeffrey and Newton (Texas) et al. Otomycosis clinical features and treatment implications; American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Toronto, Canada (2006). 135,787-791.
[10]. Guiterrez P.H, Alvavez S. J. Sanudo E C G, Sanchez C R., Valdezate I, A V Garcia L M G. Presumed diagnosis – Otomycosis: A Study of 451 patients. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Esp 2005; 56:181-86.

Abstract: Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a rare malignant salivary gland neoplasm, most commonly occurring on palate, while rarely to find in tongue. It is slowly growing tumor, being asymptomatic for long period of time. It usually present with swelling and pain at the time of diagnosis. Histopathologically, it present as three variants namely, tubular, cribriform and solid patterns of ductal and myoepithelial cells, with solid pattern being the most aggressive one. The tumor is very unpredictable, rarely showing regional spread but has higher chances of recurrence and distant metastases to lungs and bones. Hence, aggressive surgical excision with adjunct radiotherapy is the required treatment modality.

Keywords: Adenoid cystic carcinoma, Osteotomy, Glossectomy

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carcinoma of the minor salivary glands: A meta-analytic study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2011;16(7):884-9.
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Abstract: Background: The rapidly increasing number of automobiles in most cities has led to an increase in air-pollution and has become a cause of grave concern. Air pollutants derived from automobile exhaust and fuel vapours have become a major health hazard for certain groups of our society by virtue of their occupation. Objective: To evaluate the airway resistance and spirometry parameters of petrol-pump workers. Design: The present study was carried out on 40 male petrol pump workers in the age-group of 20-40 years who were working at petrol-pumps for more than 5 years. Spirometry parameters such as Forced Vital Capacity (FVC), Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced Expiratory Flow [FEF(25-75%)], Slow Vital capacity (SVC), Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) and Plethysmography parameters like Airway Resistance (Raw) were recorded on a whole body Plethysmograph (Elite Dx model, Med graphics ,USA ). The results were compared with that of the controls. Results: FVC, FEV1, FEF (25-75%), SVC, and MVV showed a significant decline whereas Raw was increased in petrol pump workers as compared to controls. Conclusions: Petrol pump workers have significantly lower lung functions as measured by spirometry & airway resitance is significantly raised in them as compared to controls.

Keywords: Spirometry, Plethysmography, Petrol pump workers.

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Abstract: Relation between 6 minute walk test and spirometric parameters [FEV1 and FVC] in patients with COPD is investigated. There is no published data in India in this respect. Hospital based cross sectional study. Clinical COPD questionnaire score, Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and Forced expiratory volume (FVC), 6 minute walk distance and 6 minute walk work were calculated and compared. Data was analyzed by SPSS 11. It was observed that 11.1 % had overall clinical copd questionnaire (CCQ) score of more than 3; 62.2% had baseline PaO2 between 60-80 mm Hg;88.9% had baseline PaCO2 lower than or equal to 45 mm Hg; 53.3% had severe COPD according to GOLD spirometry criteria;13.3% had complication of Pulmonary artery hypertension; 64.5% walked more than 300 meters distance and 21.1% (8) of patients with severe copd had significant desaturation during walk test. There was low positive correlation with no statistical significance between FEV1 and 6 MWD (r= 0.280, p= 0.062) and between FVC and 6 minute walk distance(r= 0.289, p= 0.055). Demographic parameters like age, BMI, smoking score, spirometry and baseline paco2 were not correlating with 6 minute walk distance. BMI and FEV1 (forced expiratory volume) were more correlating with 6 minute walk work. Severity of airway obstruction or pulmonary artery hypertension was not predicting significant desaturation during walk test. Measuring walk distance alone is not sufficient for assessment of severity and functional status of COPD the patients. 6 minute walk work, which is the product of walk distance and body weight, is more correlating with severity of the disease.

Key Words: COPD, FEV1, FVC, CCQ score, 6MWD, 6MWW.

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Abstract: ackground: Depression among the elderly is associated with very high morbidity and suicide rates. In view of the fact that this cohort of patients often have concomitant psychosocial and biomedical health concerns it would be of interest to determine the risk factors for developing this debilitating illness. Objective: To determine the risk factors for depressive illness among elderly patients attending the GOPD of UPTH.

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[8]. Steffen DC, Pieper CF, Bosworth HB, MacFall JR, Provenzale JM, Payne ME, et al. Biological and social predictors of long- term geriatric depression outcome. International Psychogeriatrics 2005; 17: 41-58.
[9]. Gureje, Oye, Ogunniyi, Adesola, Kola, Lola, et al. Functional disability in elderly Nigerians: Results from the Ibadan Study of Ageing: Journal of the American Geriatric Society 2006; 54 (11):1784-1789.
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Abstract: The Coeliac trunk is the first Ventral branch of abdominal aorta arising at the level of twelfth thoracic (T12) vertebra. The hepatic, splenic and left gastric arteries are considered as main classic branches of Coeliactrunk. We report a case of variation in the branching pattern of Coeliac trunk wherein the left inferior phrenic artery was seen arising from left gastric artery and there were two accessory hepatic arteries, one of them arising from left gastric artery and another one arising from common hepatic artery distal to the origin of hepatic artery. Cystic artery was seen arising from accessory hepatic artery. The right gastric artery is arising from gastro-duodenal artery. The gallbladder was distended with multiple stones, the wall of the gallbladder was thickened and there were adhesions connecting the gallbladder to liver bed and portahepatis. Knowledge of these vascular anomalies is important in handling patients undergoing diagnostic angiography for gastrointestinal bleeding, Coeliac axis compression syndrome or prior to an operative procedure or trans-catheter therapy.

Key Words- Accessory hepatic arteries,Coeliac trunk, gallbladder,Left gastric artery, Right gastric arter

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