iosr-JDMS   Volume-5 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a procedure that involves creating a passage of lacrimal sac into nose bypassing nasolacrimal (nld) blockage , Lacrimal sac can be approached by (1)External (2)Endoscopic approach,Endoscopic DCR is a safe,fast ,aesthetic and effective method to relieve a stenosis distal to common canaliculus . External DCR first described by Toti in 1904[1,2] ,Endonasal approach was first described by Caldwell in 1893[2,3] . Fiberoptic endoscope first used for Endo-DCR by Mc Dough & Miring in 1989 [4]. Endoscopic approach has renewed interest in past decade to correct primary and recurrent lacrimal obstruction ,This study was carried to evaluate the success of Endo-DCR with patient point of view of acceptability, In addition to find out preoperative and intraoperative factors that affect the outcome in endoscopic DCR

[1]. Toti A ; Clin. Moderna,Firenze 1904 ,10 : 385-387 .
[2]. Caldwell GW:Two new operations for obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct, NYJ Med 1893,57;581-582 .
[3]. Allen KM, Berlin AJ: Dacryocystorhinostomy failure: association with nasolacrimal silicon intubation Ophthalmic surgery 1989, 20 ;486-489.
[4]. Sprekelsen MB ,Barberan MT.Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy : surgical techniques and results.Laryngoscope 1996;106,187-189.
[5]. Tripathi et al. Local anaesthetic Endonasal endoscopic LASER DCR analysis of patients acceptability and various factors affecting the success of the procedure.
[6]. Nishi Gupta. Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy : A Revolution, 2nd edition

Abstract: Global health status is showing its alarming concern towards emergence of non communicable diseases ,which is taking major death toll. Obesity, being the most common risk factor for prevalent NCDs ,has now become a major public health issue. Even in developing countries like India, obesity has spread its roots in children and adolescents, making them much more prone for NCDs. There is urgent need of screening such children at school level , so that timely intervention can be taken. The present school based cross sectional study was done among affluent adolescents with an objective to assess the magnitude of obesity in adolescents, with the help of three reference standards based on BMI criteria . All the three standards used were comparable to screen obesity by Anova test of significance .Study recommends to use EHPA charts in school health check ups , to detect both over and undernutrition in adolescents . Key words - Overweight, Obesity, Adolescents

[1]. Dobe M: Health promotion for NCD prevention ,IJPH, vol 56, Issue 3, Jul-Sept 2012
[2]. Thakkar HK Misra SK, Gupta SK, Kaushal SK,A study on prevalence of obesity among college going girls in Agra district UP,.IJCH, Vol 21-22, No 1,2 , july 2009 –june 2010, pg 61
[3]. 3 International Life Sciences Institutes, Preventing Childhood Obesity is a Current Research Focus : Initiatives Cooperate to Share Information and Stem Epidemic. The PAN Report : Physical Activity and Nutrition, USA, International Life Science Institute, 2000:vol2 p 5.
[4]. Styne DM, Childhood obesity and Adolescent obesity PCNA-2001, Vol-48, 823-847.
[5]. Shetty P.S. Childhood obesity in Developing societies, NFI Bulletin 1999, Vol 20, No-2, Page-4.
[6]. Elizabeth KE., A novel growth assesment chart for adolescencet, Indian Pediatrics 2001, Volume 38,No;9 Sep-1061-1064,.
[7]. Kapil U, Singh P, Pathak P et-al Prevalence of obesity among affluent adolescent school children in Delhi, Indian Pediatrics 2002 Volume 39- May 17, Page 450-452.
[8]. Cole T.J. Bellizzi M.C. Flegal K.M, Diez W.H. Establishing standard definition for child overweight and obesity world wide : International survey B.M.J. 2002 : 320 – 1240 – 3.
[9]. Must A, Dallal G.E., Dietz W.H. 85th Percentile and 95th Percentile of Body Mass Index and Triceps skin fold thickness – Reference data, American Journal of clinical Nutrition 1991 Volume 53 & 54 pg 839 – 846 & Page 773.
[10]. Vedavati S, Jay Shree S, Mohammad R. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in affluent adolescent girls in Chennai in 1981 and 1998 Indian Pediatrics vol. 40 April 17, 2003, Pg-332-335.

Abstract: We report a case of multiple basal cell carcinoma in a patient of albinism. which was non-familial, non-syndromic and having no history of chemical exposure. A 58 year old male with 4 lesions one over the left scapula (5*5 CM) for 4 years, over the right shoulder 3*2 CM for 3 and half years, over the right elbow 2*2CM and 1*2 CM for 3 years. Family history of basal cell carcinoma, xerodermapigmentosa and features of gorlin''s syndrome were absent, thats why, this is a rare case of multiple basal cell carcinoma which occurred in absence of familial, and various chemical exposure mentioned in standard literature

Keywords : Non-familial, non-syndromic, xerodermapigmentosa, gorlin's syndrome, multiple basal cell carcinoma.

[1]. Alessi SS, Sanches JA, Oliveira WR, Messina MC, Pimentel ER, FestaNeto C. Treatment of cutaneous tumors with topical 5% imiquimod cream. Clinics (Sao Paulo).2009;64:961–6. [PMC free artic]
[2]. Bree AF, Shah MR. BCNS Colloquium Group; Consensus statement from the first international colloquium on basal cell nevus syndrome (BCNS). Am J Med Genet A. 2011;155A:2091–7. [PubMed]
[3]. Cowan R, Hoban P, Kelsey A, Birch JM, Gattamaneni R, Evans DG. The gene for the naevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome acts as a tumour-suppressor gene in medulloblastoma. Br J Cancer. 1997;76:141–5. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[4]. Debeer P, Devriendt K. Early recognition of basal cell naevus syndrome.Eur J Pediatr. 2005;164:123–5. [PubMed]
[5]. Evans DG, Birch JM, Orton CI. Brain tumours and the occurrence of severe invasive basal cell carcinoma in first degree relatives with Gorlin syndrome.Br J Neurosurg. 1991a;5:643–6. [PubMed]

Abstract: SOURCE: Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & Bridge, and Implantology, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Rathinamangalam,Vandalur Post,Chennai-600127 , India.www.tagoredch.com BACKGROUND: Panoramic radiography is a valuable diagnostic tool in the pretreatment assessment of partially and completely edentulous patients.Many investigators recommended routine radiographic examination for the edentulous jaws before denture treatment, but their routine use in such patients is still not confirmed.

Key words: Panoramic radiography, edentulous patients, mental foramen, embedded teeth, retained root stumps,Maxillary sinus.

[1]. Logan, W.H. G.: Should all pulpless teeth be removed? J. Natl. Dent. Assoc., 8: 126 131, 1921.
[2]. Eusterman, M. F.: Roentgenographic findings in two hundred and ninety partially edentulous or edentulous mouths. Dent cosmos. 63: 902 903, 1921.
[3]. Swenson, H. M.: Roentgenographic examination of the edentulous mouth J. Am. Dent. Assoc., 31: 475 478, 1944.
[4]. Swenson, H. M., and Hudson, J. R.: Roentgenographic examination of edentulous patients. J. Prosthet. Dent. 18: 403 -407, 1967.
[5]. John, D.J., Richard, R., and Ernst, S.: Panoramic Radiographic examination of edentulous patients. J. Prosthet. Dent. 53: 535 - 539, 1985.
[6]. Axelsson, C.O.: Orthopantomographic examination of the edentulous mouth. J. Prosthet.Dent. 59: 592 - 598, 1988.
[7]. Richard R.S, Earl O.W., and John D.J.: Panoramic Radiographs Necessary for Patients, JADA.123:74 -78, 1992.
[8]. Sanford L. and Luis J. B.: Radiographic examination of edentulous mouths J. Prosthet. Dent. 64: 180 - 182, 1990.
[9]. Susan, M. W. The radiographic examination of edentulous patients, J. Prosthet Dent. 50: 164-166, 1983.
[10]. Lyman S, Boucher LJ. Radiographic examination of edentulous mouths. J Prosthet Dent.1990;64:180-2.

Abstract: Objective:- To discuss the cases who underwent penetrating keratoplasty in terms of indications, post operative visual prognosis and follow up in an south Indian population. Methods:- A retrospective study was done where in patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty at our hospital from June 2010 to June 2012 were evaluated on the basis of indication for surgery, post-operative visual outcome and graft survival on follow up. Results:-Of a total of 60 patients who underwent keratoplasty, in 30 the indication was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. Majority of the patients had a significant visual acuity improvement in the immediate post op period. Of these in 14 patients visual acuity deterioration occurred over time due to varied reasons. Conclusion:- Penetrating keratoplasty is a surgery where in the host's diseased cornea is transplanted with donor cornea. Various sociological factors in India make voluntary eye donation a rarity depriving many needy people from undergoing this surgery. In our study we found that despite the significant visual improvement in most patients factors like poor follow up, negligence to instill medications and poor hygiene lead to graft failure in many. Thus emphasis should be laid on the need for eye donation and good hygiene.

Keywords – Indications, Keratoplasty, Pentrating, VisualOutcome, South India.

[1]. J Kanski and B Bowling , Clinical Ophthalmology – A systematic approach( 7th ed), (UK: Elsevier Saunders 2011), 240-244.
[2]. Eye Bank Association of America. Stastical Report on eye banking activity for 2008. (www.restoresight.org)
[3]. . Albert & Jackobiec. Principles and practice of Ophthalmology Vol 2. 2nd edition Chapter 77, 2000,W.B. Saunder's Company .1915-1936.
[4]. J Reidy, S Bouchard, J Forakis, et Al., American Academy of Ophthalmology – Section 8: External Disease and Cornea , San Fransciso CA, 2010-2011
[5]. L C Dutta, Modern Ophthalmology 1st Volume, L.C. (New Delhi: Jaypee brothers Medical Publishers Ltd. 2008)

Abstract: OBJECTIVE-To determine the incidence and type of neuroimaging abnormalities in children presenting with a first afebrile seizure. METHODS: In a prospective observational study 75 children who were admitted with first afebrile seizure in department of pediatric N.S.C.B . M.C.H Jabalpur were underwent brain CT scan between Aug.2010 to July2011.Neuroimaging was performed (75/81)of these children within 48hours of their arrival to the Emergency Department. We defined first seizure using the international league against epilepsy(ILAE). RESULT:-Neuro-imaging abnormality were found in 66.7% cases.There was a significant relationship between abnormal neuro-imaging and focal seizure (P<.001).52.94% cases of GTCS and 83.8% cases of partial seizure have abnormal neuro-imaging .Most common abnormality observed in our study was Neurocysticercosis26.7%(20/75)followed byTuberculoma26% (13/75). CONCLUSION:-Incidence of neuro-imaging abnormality in children presenting with first afebrile seizure is high in developing countries like india due to high prevalence of NCC and tuberculosis so neuro-imaging should be considered in any child with first afebrile seizure.

Key Words:.Afebrile seizure, Neuroimaging ,Neurocysticercosis,Tuberculome.

[1]. Hussein I Alawneh Hussein A Bataineh : Urgent Neuroimaging In Children With First Nonfebrile Seizures. Middle Eat Jr. of Family Medicine. January 2008 - Volume 6 Issue.
[2]. No authors listed. Practice parameter: neuroimaging in the emergency patient presenting with seizure (summarystatement). American College of Emergency Physicians, American Academy of Neurology, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American Society of Neuroradiology. Ann Emerg Med. 1996; 28: 114 – 118.
[3]. Landfish N, Gieon-Korthals M, Weibley RE, Panzarino V. New onset childhood seizures. Emergency department experience. J Fla Med Assoc. 1992; 79: 679 – 700.
[4]. Sharma S, Riviello JJ, Harper MB : Is Neuroimaging for New-Onset Afebrile Seizures Needed? AAP Grand Rounds Vol. 9 No. 4 April 2003 pp. 39 -40 (2003).
[5]. Shipra Mathur, Kevin Southern : Significant Findings on Cranial CT Scan After a First Unprovoked Seizure in Children from North India J Trop Pediatr. 2007;53 (6): 428-430.
[6]. Simone Carreiro Vieira; Paulo Breno Noronha Liberalesso : First unprovoked seizure: clinical and electrographic aspects. Epilepsy clin. neurophysiol. vol.12 no.2 Porto Alegre June 2006.
[7]. Sujit Sharma, James J. Riviello, Marvin B. Harper, and Marc N. Baskin: The Role of Emergent Neuroimaging in Children With New-Onset Afebrile Seizures official journal of the Ameracan acedamy of pediatrics 111;1, 2003
[8]. George H Swingler, Anthony T R Westwood, Karen Iloni : The utility of computed tomography for recent-onset partial seizures in childhood S Afr Med J 2006; 96: 941-944. (2006)
[9]. D. Vijayashekharan, R. Arvind Kumar: Mantoux and contact positivity in Tuberculosis. IJP Vol. 73 , November 2006.
[10]. Shlomo Shinnar: Neuroimaging in Children With Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: A Community-Based Study Pediatrics Vol. 106 No. 3 September 1, 2000 pp. 527 -532(2000)

Abstract: Secretions of the liver reach the duodenum by passing through the Extra-hepatic biliary apparatus. Any anatomical variations of this route can have serious implications due to disturbances in normal physiology. The present study was done on 50 embalmed cadavers during routine dissection practices for undergraduates in the dissection hall of Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad. Observations were recorded in the following order. Position and anomalies of gallbladder, anomalies of cystic duct, anomalies of common hepatic duct, anomalies of common bile duct, anomalies of calots triangle. Five cases of accessory hepatic ducts and five cases of abnormal relation of cystic artery with common hepatic duct were found in this study. Awareness of the variations can also help the surgeons to carry out safe and complication free operative procedures. It is equally important for the radiologists to be aware of the possible variations while performing the diagnostic procedures

Keywords: The Extra-hepatic biliary apparatus, Accessory hepatic duct, Cystic duct, Calots triangle. 3

[1]. Bernard P, Le Borgne J, Dupas B, Kohnen-Shari N, Raoult S, Hamel A ; Double common bile duct with ectopic drainage into stomach. Surg RadiolAnat. 2001;23(4):269-72 PMID:12075184
[2]. Bernaschek W; Abberrant bile ducts as hazards in cholecystectomy.WienklinWochenschr.1954Feb19;66(7):11920.PMID:13157358
[3]. Delic J, Savkovic A, Isakovic E; Abberrant and accessory bile ducts. Med Art. 2005; 59(5):288-9 PMID :16134748
[4]. Foster JH, Wayson EE; Surgical significance of aberrant bile ducts. Am J Surg. 1962 Jul ; 104 :14-9.PMID:13894240
[5]. L Goiney RC, Schoenecker SA, Cyr DR, Shuman WP, Peters MJ, Cooperberg P; Sonography of gallbladder duplication and differential considerations. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1985 Aug; 145(2):241-3.PMID:3895856
[6]. Izuishi K, Toyama Y, Nakano S, Goda F, Usuki H, Masaki T, Maeta H; Preoperative assessment of the aberrant bile duct using multislice computed tomography cholangiography. Am J Surg.2005 Jan; 189(1):53-5.PMID:15701492
[7]. J.-F. Gigot ,B. Van Beers , L. Goncette , J. Etienne , A. Collard ,P. Jadoul , A. Therasse , J.B. Otte and P .-J. Kestens; Laparoscopic treatment of gall bladder duplication. Surgical Endoscopy Journal 1997 May; 11:479-482.
[8]. Kullman E, Borch K, Lindstrom E, Svanvik J, Anderberg B; Value of routine intraoperative cholangiography in detecting aberrant bile ducts and bile duct injuries during laprascopic cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 1996 Feb; 83(2):171-5.PMID:8689155

Abstract: Idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation is a rare vascular abnormality with an incidenceof 0.007% in autopsy. Diagnosis is established by excluding diseases that induce pulmonary arterialenlargement. Dilatation of the pulmonary artery is complicated with mildpulmonary valve stenosis. Here, we present a rare caseof idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery with mildvalvularpulmonary stenosis which presented with effort angina and was diagnosed using echocardiography and cardiac catheterization.

(key words—idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation with pulmonary stenosis, idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation with effort angina)

[1]. Wessler H,Jaches L. Clinical roentogenology of disease of thechest. Troy, New York: The Southworth Company; 1923. p. 26..
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[5]. TomiharuNiida (MD), Takayuki Kitai (MD), KikuoIsoda (MD, PhD),Takeshi Adachi (MD, PhD), Fumitaka Ohsuzu (MD, PhD, FJCC) A case of idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonaryartery with mild subvalvular pulmonary stenosis. Journal of Cardiology Cases (2011) 3, e53—e56
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[8]. James N. Karnegis, Yang Wang .The American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 14, Issue 1, July 1964, Pages 75-78
[9]. Howard W. Ramsey, Angel de la Torre, Joseph W. Linhart, L.JeromeKrovetz, Gerold L. Schiebler, J.Russell Green JrThe American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 20, Issue 3, September 1967, Pages 324-330
[10]. Emanuel Goldberg, IsadoreKatz..The American Journal of Cardiology, Volume 9, Issue 4, April 1962, Pages 619-625

Abstract: Abdominal tuberculosis and colonic carcinoma at this part of the world are very common but co-existing abdominal tuberculosis and mucinous adenocarcinoma is unusual and is considered a rare entity. We had a patient who was diagnosed as splenic flexure carcinoma with lung metastasis preoperatively. Due to bleeding tumour, we proceeded with tumour debulking, gastrojejunostomy and creation of end-stoma. Histopathology showed features of both mucinous adenocarcinoma and abdominal tuberculosis. Literature was reviewed and found that very few of such cases have been reported. Most of these cases shared some common features with predominant involvement of younger age group, right sided colonic involvement and predominantly a mucinous adenocarcinoma.

[1]. Jain, B.K., et al., Coexisting tuberculosis and carcinoma of the colon. Aust N Z J Surg, 1991. 61(11): p. 828-31.
[2]. Tanaka, K., et al., [A case of colonic carcinoma associated with intestinal tuberculosis, and an analysis of 26 cases reported in Japan]. Gan No Rinsho, 1987. 33(9): p. 1117-23.
[3]. M. Husain, P.S., S. Khan, N. Chauhan, S. Kishore, Co-existing Abdominal Tuberculosis and Colon Carcinoma: Care Report with Review of Literature, in The Internet Journal of Surgery. 2007.
[4]. Sharma, M.P. and V. Bhatia, Abdominal tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res, 2004. 120(4): p. 305-15.
[5]. Paustian, F., Tuberculosis of intestine. 3rd ed. Gastroenterology. Vol. 2. 1976: In: Bockus HL, editor. Philadelphia, London: W.B. Sauder Co. p.773.
[6]. Kaplan, M.H., D. Armstrong, and P. Rosen, Tuberculosis complicating neoplastic disease. A review of 201 cases. Cancer, 1974. 33(3): p. 850-8.
[7]. Kaushik, R., R. Sharma, and A.K. Attri, Coexisting tuberculosis and carcinoma of the colon: a report of two cases and a review of the literature. Trop Gastroenterol, 2003. 24(3): p. 137-9.

Abstract: Gastroduodenal artery (GDA) aneurysm is a very rare condition out of all vascular aneurysms. It represents only 1.5% of reported splanchnic artery aneurysms.This is a case of a 37-year-old man who presented with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.oesophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed an ulcer at first part of duodenum.During intervention towards the ulcer, it was massively bleed and unable to be controlled by endoscopic mean. Emergency angiogram was done and suprisingly showed an aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery which ran below the ulcer.It was successfully embolized and thebleeeding arrested.The discussion is directed towards detection of rare causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the best modalities to treat this condition either by endoscopic mean , interventional radiology or surgery.

Keyword : gastroduodenal artery aneurysm ; upper gastrointestinal bleeding

[1]. Stanley JC, Zelenock GB. Splanchnic artery aneurysms. In: Rutherford RB, editor. Vascular Surgery. 4th ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1995. p. 1124–81.
[2]. R.R. Babb. Aneurysm of the splenic artery. Arch Surg, 111 (1976), pp. 924–925.
[3]. R. Schmitt, A. Cavallaro, W. Bautz. Segmental embolization of the gastroduodenal artery in a case of a perforated pseudoaneurysm and gastrointestinal massive bleeding. Rontgenpraxis, 55 (4) (2004), pp. 147–151.
[4]. T. Suzuki, H. Ishida, T. Komatsuda, J. Oyake, T. Miyauchi, J. Heianna et al. Pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery ruptured into the superior mesenteric vein in a patient with chronic pancreatitis. J Clin Ultrasound, 31 (2003), pp. 278–282.
[5]. Huang YK, Hsieh HC, Tsai FC, Chang SH, Lu MS, Ko PJ. Visceral artery aneurysm: risk factor analysis and therapeutic opinion. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2007;33:293–301.
[6]. H. Bergert, I. Hinterseher, S. Kersting, J. Leonhardt, A. Bloomenthal, H.D. Saeger. Management and outcome of hemorrhage due to arterial pseudoaneurysms in pancreatitis. Surgery, 137 (2005), pp. 323–328.
[7]. K. Itoh, Y. Kamiya, N. Ohno, S. Togawa, T. Nomura, H. Ohara et al. A case of pancreaticoduo-denal artery aneurysm causing pancreatic pseudotumour and duodenal obstruction. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 14 (4) (2002 Apr), pp. 457–461
[8]. N. Battula et al. True giant aneurysm of gastroduodenal artery. International Journal of Surgery, 6 (6) ; (2008): 459-61.
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[10]. Ikeda O, Tamura Y, Nakasone Y, Iryou Y, Yasuyuki Y. Nonoperative management of unruptured visceral artery aneurysms: treatment by transcatheter coil embolization. J Vasc Surg 2008;47:1212–9.

Abstract: A total of 500 stool samples were subjected to examination with the help of direct microscopy and concentration methods. Of these, fifty two (10.4%) specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium parvum. Among direct microscopy methods – direct wet mount, negative staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed a positivity of 22 (4.4%), 14 (2.8%) and 39 (7.8%) respectively. After the Formol-ether Concentration (FEC) technique, wet mount, negative staining and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain were positive in 32 (6.4%), 37 (7.4%) and 52 (10.4%) cases respectively. Wet mount after Saturated Sodium Chloride Salt Flotation (SSSF) technique was positive in only 6 (1.2%) cases. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain after SSSF technique was positive in 19 (3.8%) cases while negative staining after SSSF technique was positive in only 1 (0.2%) case. Cryptosporidium parvum positivity was 1.18 times higher in males as compared to females. The results indicate that the modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining after FEC technique to detect Cryptosporidium parvum in the stool specimens has significantly higher accuracy (p<0.001) and reliability as compared to all the other techniques.

Keywords: Cryptosporidium parvum; modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain; FEC; SSSF

[1] W.L. Current, and L.S. Garcia, Cryptosporidiosis, Clin. Microbial Rev., 4, 1991, 325-358.
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Abstract: Aim & objective To determine the correlation of three main pain measuring scales used as diagnostic aid to orofacial lesion of odontogenic origin. Methodology A six month cross sectional survey utilizing interviewer administered questionnaire targeted at attendees of Dental outpatient clinic of University College Hospital, Nigeria (UCH), a tertiary hospital. Results Mean age for odontogenic pain was 35.68 ± 16.44; male to female ratio was 1: 1.24. Pain was more severe but statistically insignificant among females (p = 0.85), however, there was significant difference in the mean pain intensity between diagnostic categories of odontogenic lesion (p = 0.00).The commonest odontogenic lesion category was caries related (54.3% of all orofacial and 58.9% of odontogenic lesions respectively). There was positive correlation between the three pain measuring scales (Visual Analogue Scale (VAS),Number of verbs chosen(NWC) &MPQ) for odontogenic lesions (r=0.587; r = 0.838 & r = 0.599 respectively). However the three diagnostic scales failed to distinguish between specific odontogenic lesions when the mean pain scores were very close. Conclusion Pain measuring scales should only be used as aid to diagnosis and not for definitive diagnosis.

Key words: Pain scales, odontogenic lesions, orofacial pain.

[1]. Traebert J, de Lacerda JT, Fischer TK, Jinbo Y. Dental caries and orofacial pain trends in 12-year-old school children between 1997 and 2003. Oral Health Prev Dent 3, 2005, 243-8.
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[4]. MacMillan AS, Wong MC, Zheng J, Lam MC. Prevalence of orofacial Pain and treatment seeking in Hong Kong Chinesse. J Orofac Pain 20 (3), 2006, 218-25.
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[6]. Melzeck R. The McGill Pain Questionnaire: major properties and scoring methods. Pain 1, 1975, 277-99.
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[8]. Fagade OO, Oginni FO, Adekoya-Sofowora CA. Age, Gender And Dental Perception. Internet Journal of Dental Science.
[9]. Vickers ER, Cousin MJ. Analysis of 50 patients with atypical odontalgia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 85, 1998, 24-32.
[10]. Vickers ER, Cousin MJ. Neuropathic orofacial pain part 1- prevalence and pathophysiology. Aus Endod, 26, 2000,19-26.

Abstract: Warthin's tumor, also known as papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum or adenolymphoma, is the second most common benign tumor of the salivary glands. It arises exclusively in lower part of the parotid gland and affects mainly male in sixth or seventh decades of life. Studies have shown that there is a close association between Warthin's tumor and cigarette smoking. Preoperative fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of a parotid mass plays a pivotal role in differentiating neoplastic from inflammatory lesion as well as management of patients. We report a case of a 35year old male, smoker who presented with painless swelling in the left parotid region.

Keywords- Fine needle aspiration cytology, Parotid gland, Squamous metaplasia, Warthin's tumor

[1] Warthin AS. Papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum. A rare teratoid of the parotid region. J Cancer Res 1929; 13:116-25. [2] Kuladeepa Ananda Vaidya, Doddikoppad. Cytological diagnosis of warthin's tumor: a case report. Asian j Med Res. 2012; 1(2): 22-23. [3] Leopord G. Koss, Koss' Diagnostic Cytology & its Histopathologic Bases, 5th Ed,Ch-32 "Salivary glands", Vol II ( Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006) 1229-1261. [4] Juan Rosai, Michael Houstan. Rosai & Ackerman's surgical pathology, 10th Ed, Ch-12 "Major and Minor Salivary Glands", Vol 1 (Mosby, Missouri; Elsevier, 2011) 826-828.
[5] Eveson J, cawson R. Warthin's tumor (cystadenolymphoma) of salivary glands. A clinicopathological investigations of 278 cases. Oral Surg Med Oral pathol 1986; 61: 256-2.

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[7] John A. Pinkston1 and Philip Cole. Cigarette Smoking and Warthin's Tumor. Am J Epidemiol Vol. 144, No. 2, 1996.

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[10] Parwani AV, Ali SZ. Diagnostic

Abstract:Staphylococcus aureus has long been known as one of the most important bacteria that cause disease in humans. It may gain access to underlying tissues or the bloodstream and cause infection and it's a leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections such as abscesses. Colonization with S. aureus usually precedes an infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus carrier frequency among students community and to characterise the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated organism. The frequency of S. aureus carriage among students from University of Nigeria, Nsukka was investigated. A total of 120 nasal swabs and thumbprint samples were collected from healthy microbiology and biochemistry students. All swabs were streak on mannitol salt agar (MSA); incubated at 37oC for 24 h. Characterization of the bacterial isolates was based on standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was also assayed in order to detect any antibiotic resistant S. aureus. Antimicrobial susceptibility of confirmed isolates was determined by disc-diffusion method. The results obtained showed that, 42(70 %) of microbiology students had Staphylococcus aureus colonization in both nasal and thumb. Also, 49 (81.66 %) biochemistry students, had staphylococcus colonisation. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolated S. aureus demonstrated a varying degree of resistance with the highest seen with β lactam antibiotics. Amongst the β lactam antibiotics, Cloxacillin showed the highest resistance with 100 %, while all the isolates were 100 % susceptible to Gentamicin, 95 % to Streptomycin. This result shows the likelihood of a changing resistant pattern among the students community. The reasons could be multifactorial and warrants further investigation.

Key Words: Staphylococcus aureus, nasal, thumbprint, antibiotic susceptibility, resistance.

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Abstract:study of the trochlear nerve nucleus and its course within the brain is reported based on histological and fluorescent tract tracing techniques. Twenty inbred adult Wistar albino rats weighing between 150 to 250 gm of either sex were taken in the study. The localization of the nucleus giving rise to the nerve supplying the superior oblique muscle was done by using fluorescent dyes, Fast blue and Diamidino yellow. Fast blue was applied to the trochlear nerve of the right side and the Diamidino yellow was applied to the nerve of the left side in each animal. Animals were sacrificed after appropriate survival period. The labeled neurons were localized in the fourth nerve nucleus in the midbrain with the help of a Ziess fluorescence microscope .The majority of the fibers of the trochlear nerve cross to the opposite side and a few fibers remain ipsilateral. Many neurons were labeled with both the dyes indicating bilateral innervation. The nucleus was studied in paraffin sections stained with Kluver Barrera and Marshland, Glees and Erikson's stain to trace the nerve fibers within the midbrain.

Key words: Fluorescent tract tracing techniques, midbrain, superior medullary vellum, trochlear nerve nucleus, Diamidino yellow, Fast blue

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Abstract:Extra uterine leiomyomas are rare and present greater diagnostic challenge. Here we present a case of a 65yr old postmenopausal woman with an adherent calcified pedunculated broad ligament fibroid with torsion who presented as pelvic pain. The case was successfully managed by adhesiolysis and excision of the broad ligament fibroid followed by pan hysterectomy.

Key words: Post menopausal, broad ligament fibroid, torsion

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