iosr-JEEE   National Conferecne on "Emerging Research Trends in Electrical, Electronics & Instrumentation" (ERTEEI'17)

Abstract: In this paper, a seven level inverter with MPPT for PV application is proposed. The proposed MPPT based multilevel inverter generates seven-level ac output voltage when we give the appropriate gate signals' design. The multilevel inverter is fed from a PV cell through a boost converter whose control is based on MPPT. The total harmonic distortion can be reduced by using a low pass filter. In this topology the switching losses and voltage stress can be reduced . The operating principle of the proposed inverter and the voltage balancing method of input capacitors are discussed. The multilevel inverter is controlled with sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM).

Keywords: DC–AC inverter, FPGA, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Multilevel.

[1]. Tsorng-Juu Liang, Shih-Ming Chen and Shih-Wen Tsai "Design and Implementation of a Novel Multilevel DC–AC Inverter." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Applications, VOL. 52, NO. 3, 2436–2443 May/June 2016
[2]. Cheng-Han Hsieh, S. Daher, J. Schmid, and F. L.M. Antunes, "Multilevel inverter topologies for stand-alone PV systems," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics vol. 55, no. 7,pp. 2703–2712, Jul. 2008.
[3]. M. R. Banaei and E. Salary, "New multilevel inverter with reduction of switches and gate driver," in Proc. IEEE 18th Iran. Conf. Elect. Eng. (IECC), 2010, pp. 784–789.
[4]. R. A. Ahmed, S. Mekhilef, and W. P. Hew, "New multilevel inverter topology with minimum number of switches," in Proc. IEEE Region 10 Conf. (TENCON), 2010, pp. 1862–1867.
[5]. N. A. Rahim, K. Chaniago, and J. Selvaraj, "Single-phase seven-level grid-connected inverter for photovoltaic system," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 2435–2443, Jun. 2011.

Abstract: This paper describes a sensorless field oriented control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) using rotor position tracking proportional-integral (PI) controller. With the advent of vector control methods, Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) can be operated like separately excited dc motor for high performance application. This technique can be applied to low and high speed operations. In this method a loop recovery technique is applied, to boost the bandwidth of PI controller.. The design, analysis, simulation of sensorless method is done using MATLAB R2011a.
Keywords: About Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive, proportional-integral (PI) controller, hysteresis PWM controller

[1] Andreescu G.D, Pitie C, Bolde,I.F "Combined flux observer with signal injection drives"IEEE Tranactions on Energy conveters,vol.23,no 2,pp.393-402,june2008.
[2] Bae B.H.Sul S.K, Kwon J.H,and. Byeon G.H, "Implementation of Sensorless vector control with low frequency injection for super-high speed PMSM",IEEE TranactionsIndustrialApplications,vol.39,no.3,pp.818,Nay/June.2003.
[3] Bimal K.Bose, "Modern Power Electronics and AC-Drives", PHI Learning Private Limited, 2002
[4] Erturul N and Acarnley P, "A new algorithm for sensorless operation of permanent magnet motors", in Conference in IEEE-IASAnnual Meeting, 1992, vol.1,pp.414–421.
[5] Fabio genduso, Rosario Miceli, "Backemf sensorless control algorithm for high- dynamic performance PMSM", IEEE transactions on industrial electronics. vol.57.no 6.June 2010

Abstract: Recently nonlinear loads are widely used by industrial, commercial and residential consumers. The current drawn by these loads contain harmonics, which leads to reduction in power quality of the entire electrical power system. In electrical power system harmonics appear in the current signal due to this type of nonlinear loads . For this reason shunt active power filters are connected in parallel with the load for mitigation of harmonics and there by improving power quality.The concept of shunt active power filter is to inject the harmonic current of same magnitude but in opposite phase..............
Keywords- Power quality, Shunt active power filter(SAPF) ,Synchronous reference frame (SRF)theory, Voltage source inverter(VSI)

[1]. B. Singh, K. A. Haddad, A. Chandra, "A Review of Active Filters for Power Quality Improvement", IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 960-971, October 1999.
[2]. R. C. Dugan, M. F. McGranaghan, and H. W. Beaty, "Electrical power system quality" , McGraw-Hill, New Yark, (1996)
[3]. E. Ozdemir, M. Ucar, M. Kesler, M. Kaie, 'The Design and Implementation of a Shunt Active Power Filter based on Source Current Measurement", The IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference, IEMDC 2007, Antalya, Turkey, 608-613, (2007)
[4]. Kazmierkowski M.P; Malesani L.;"Current Control Techniques for Three-Phase Voltage-Source PWM Converters: A Survey", IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 45, No. 5, October 1998
[5]. L. Zellouma; A Omeiri; S. Saad "Shunt Active Power Filter for Current Harmonics Suppression Using Hysteresis Control", Asian Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 6, Issue 4,pp 436-440, 2007.

Abstract: The KY Converter, Which is a step up converter, The name given to this converter is first letter of the authors, K.I. Hwu, Y. T. Yau. This converter always operate in CCM, and the output current is non-pulsating, and low output voltage ripple and higher voltage boosting capability. In this paper, different modes of KY Converters are studied. The simulation is carried out to study the perfomance of the combinations of KY Converter in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Simulation result are studied. The result help to find the most suitable converter for the Micro-source applications.
Keywords - KY Converter, One Plus D Converter, Inductor coupled KY Boost Converter, Step up Converter combining KY and buck-boost Converter

[1]. K. I. Hwu and Y. T. Yau, "KY converter and its derivatives," IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 57, no. 6, pp.128137, 2009.
[2]. R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamentals of Power Electronics, 2nd ed., Norwell: KLuwer Academic Publishers, 2001.
[3]. Abrahan I. Pressman, Switching Power Supply Design, 2nd ed., New York:McGraw-Hill, 1998.
[4]. R. W. Erickson and D. Maksimovic, Fundamentals of Power Electronics,2nd ed. Norwell, MA: Kluwer, 2001.
[5]. N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics, 2nd ed. New York: Wiley, 2003.

Abstract: Switched Mode Power Supply (SMPS) is an integral part of the computer that converts ac to multiple numbers of suitable dc voltages to impart power to different parts of the PC.DC-DC converter is an intermediate stage in the power conversion. Poor power quality, slow dynamic response, high device stress, harmonic rich, periodically dense, peaky, distorted input current are the major problems which are frequently encountered in the conventional switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) . This violates the limits of international power quality (PQ) standards such as IEC 61000-3-2...............

Keywords: Switched mode power supplies(SMPS), Power Factor correction(PFC) Converter, Power Quality, DC-to-DC Converters

[1]. P. J. Moore and I. E. Portugues, The influence of personal computer processing modes on line current harmonics,IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1363–1368, Oct. 2003.
[2]. N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W. P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Wiley 2003.
[3]. B. Singh et al., A review of single-phase improved power quality AC–DC converters, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 50, no. 5, pp. 962–981, Oct. 2003.
[4]. Singh, S. Singh, A. Chandra, and K. Al-Haddad, Comprehensive study of single-phase AC–DC power factor corrected converters with highfrequency isolation," IEEE Trans. Ind. Informat., vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 540– 556, Nov. 2011
[5]. D. S. L. Simonetti, J. Sebastian, F. S. dos Reis, and J. Uceda, Design criteria for SEPIC and Cuk converters as power factor Pre-regulators in discontinuous conduction mode,in Proc. IEEE Ind. Electron. Motion Control Conf., 1992, vol. 1, pp. 283–288.

Abstract: This paper presents a converter-inverter system for photovoltaic water pumping application without any batteries. The topology is based on Resonant two inductor boost converter and three phase voltage source inverter. TIBC is modified with a resonant tank and snubber circuit to improve efficiency. The maximum power from solar energy is tracked at all the time. The software used is MATLAB/SIMULINK to verify the proposed system.

Keywords: TIBC-Two inductor boost converter, MPPT, P&O- Perturb & Observe algorithm, PV cell

[1]. M. Chunting, M. B. R. Correa, and J. O. P. Pinto, ―The IEEE 2011international future energy challenge—Request for proposals,‖ in Proc. IFEC, 2010, pp. 1–24. 2
[2]. D. Tschanz, H. Lovatt, A. Vezzini, and V. Perrenoud, ―A multi-functional converter for a reduced cost, solar powered, water pump,‖ in Proc. IEEE ISIE , 2010, pp. 568–572.
[3]. M. Dubey, S. Sharma, and R. Saxena, ―Solar pv standalone water pumping system employing pmsm drive‖in Electrical Electronics and Computer science (SCEECS), 2014 IEEE Students Conference on pp. 1-6, March 2014
[4]. M. A. Vitorino, M. B. R. Correa, C. B. Jacobina, and A. M. N. Lima, ―Aneffective induction motor control for photovoltaic pumping,‖ IEEE Trans.Ind. Electron., vol.58, no. 4, pp. 1162–1170, Apr. 2011.
[5]. T. Esram and P. Chapman,―Comparison of photovoltaic array maximum power point tracking techniques,‖ Energy Conversion, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 22, pp.439–449, June 2007.

Abstract: Paper proposes a grid-connected quasi resonant flyback micro inverter for pv applications. A new micro inverter topology with paralleling technique with hysteresis control is suggested for better harmonic elimination , reduction in power losses and thermal stresses in the converter and to achieve low profile design for low power applications.

[1]. M. Calais, J. Myrzik, T. Spooner and V. G. Agelidis, Inverters for single-phase grid connected photovoltaic systemsan overview,inProc.IEEE PESC,2002, pp. 1995-2000.
[2]. N. Kasa, T. Iida and A.K.S. Bhat,Zero-voltage transition flyback inverter for small scale photovoltaic power system, in Proc.IEEE PESC, 2005,pp. 2098-2103.
[3]. R. C. Variath, M. A. E. Andersen, O. N. Nielsen and A. Hyldgard,A review of module inverter topologies suitable for photovoltaic systems,in Proc.IEEE IPEC,2010, pp. 310-316.
[4]. R.B. Ridley, W.A. Tabisz, F.C.Y. Lee and V Vorperian, Multi-loop control for quasi-resonant converters, in Proc.IEEE Trans. on Power electron.,vol.6, no.1, pp.28-38, Jan., 1991
[5]. A. Abramovitz, T. Cheng and K. Smedley, Analysis and Design of Forward Converter With Energy Regenerative Snubber, in Proc.IEEE Trans. on Power electron,vol.25, no.3, pp.667-676, Mar., 2010

Abstract: Transformers are the key components for electrical energy transfer in a power system. Stability and security of transformer protection are important to system operation, which otherwise may lead to defeating transformer protection. Inrush Current in transformer often gets less importance compared to other faults/effects. It may occur whenever the transformer is energised. Though the magnitude of inrush current may be less compared to short circuit current, the frequency and duration of inrush current is more frequent, leading to more adverse effects compared to other faults. This paper contains the basic principles, fundamental theory of inrush current and its effects. The various mitigation techniques for addressing the above problem are also discussed.

Keywords: Flux, Inrush Currents, Switching angle, Transformers

[1]. R.M Holmukhe, K.D Deshpande, Power Transformer Inrush Current and its Effect on Protective Relays, IEEEConf on Power Delivery, 2001.
[2]. M. Steurer, K Frohlich, The Impact of Inrush Current on the mechanical stress on high voltage power transformer coils, IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, 2002, Vol. 17, No. 01, pp. 155-160.
[3]. R.A Turner, K.S Smith, Transformer Inrush Current, IEEE Industry Application Magazine, 2010, Vol. 16, No. 05, pp. 14-19.
[4]. B. Kasztenny, Impact of Transformer Inrush Current on Sensitive Protection Functions, IEEE Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 21-24 May, 2006, pp.820-823.
[5]. Sonnemann W.K, Wagner C.L, Rockefeller G.D, Magnetising Inrush Phenomenon in Transformer Banks, AIEETrans, Oct1958, Part III, Vol. 77, pp. 884-892.

Abstract: This paper presents the various paralleling methods and schemes to enhance the efficiency of parallel inverters at light loads. Conversion efficiency of inverters using the conventional Current Sharing Scheme is low at light loads, Thus the various other schemes like the use of interleaved flyback converter, soft switching schemes which in turn reduces the switching and magnetizing losses and thereby enhancing the efficiency at light loads. Simulation results shows that these schemes increase the efficiency of light loads to a better range.
Keywords: Hybrid Switch, Parallel Inverters, Particle Swarm Optimization, Phase skipping mode

[1]. Yue Zhang, Zhiliang Zhang and Gang Yang,"A Novel Control Method for Photovoltaic Grid connected micro inverters to achieve high efficiency in light loads",International conference on Power Electronics ECCE june 2015.
[2]. Jen Hao Teng, Shu-Hung Liao, Wei-Hao Huang, Chih-Chieh chiang "Smart control Strategy for Conversion Efficiency of Parallel Inverters at Light Lads," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,2016
[3]. H. Akca, S. S. Ugur, "Hybrid switch use for light load efficiency improvement of a power inverter for stand-alone residential renewable energy system," 15th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE), IEEE, 2013, pp. 1-6
[4]. Yungtaek Jang and Milan M. Jovanovi´c,"Light Load Efficiency Optimization Method",IEEE Trans .on Power Electronics Vol 25 No:20 January2010.
[5]. Bunyamin Tamyurek and Bilgehan Kirimer, "An Interleaved High Power Fly-back Inverter For Photovoltaic Applications",IEEE Trans. On Power Electronics.

Abstract: The power produced by solar PV based inverters are having high ripple quantity. And a slow scheme where harmonics are not completely eliminated while grid connection. The paper goes on a brief study on different levels of PV based power generation systems, the inverter types, synchronization schemes used. The operating principles, advantages, dis advantages of each and every method is checked. In a grid feeding type inverter, the voltage magnitudes, the phase sequences, and phase angles of current and voltages are to be checked so that otherwise if there is any change in the parameters, the entire power system will fail or the response at load variation will be very poor.................

Keywords: Harmonics, grid connection, inverters, PLLs, Photo Voltaic cells, grid disturbances, synchronization.

[1] Jeanette Lam Min Yi, R.T. Naayagi, Thillainathan Logenthiran, "Modelling and Implementation of Single Phase Dual Stage Grid-Tied Solar Power Inverter", 2016 IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON) - Proceedings ofthe International Conference.
[2] J. Zhu, "Application of Renewable Energy", in Oplimization 01 Power System Operation , I, Wiley-IEEE Press, 2015.
[3] Hossain, M.N et.al, "Design and development of a grid tied solar inverter", in Inlormalies, Eleelronies and Vision,2012.
[4] Bidram, A. Davoudi, and R. S. Balog, "Control and circuit techniques to mitigate partial shading effects in photovoltaics arrays", IEEE Journal on Photovolt, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 532- 546, Oct. 2012.
[5] Lenos Hadjidemetriou,Yongheng Yang,Elias Kyriakides, and Frede Blaabjerg, "A Synchronization Scheme for Single-Phase Grid-Tied Inverters under Harmonic Distortion and Grid Disturbances," IEEE Transactions on Electronics, DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2581019, 2016.

Abstract: Motors are an essential components that drives almost every systems in motion around us. There are several classification of motors depending on the construction and type of electrical input power. A brief comparison about the several classifications of motor is done. From the comparative study the benefits of BLDC motor in low and medium power applications than the induction motors are clearly identified. And these permanent magnet (PM) brushless dc motor (PMBLDCM) is fed from a single-phase ac mains as a source of energy. Instead of conventional brush type commutation in induction motor, a three-phase voltage-source inverter is used as an electronic commutator to operate the PMBLDC Motor in the motor drive................

Keywords: BLDC motor, PMBLDCM, Luo converter, ripple, PFC, Motor drive.

[1] B. Singh, V. Bist, A. Chandra and K. Al-Haddad, "Power Factor Correction in Bridgeless-Luo Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 11791188, March-April 2015.
[2] Praveen Kumar Singh, Bhim Singh, Vashist Bist,"PFC Converter Based Power Quality Improvement and Ripple Current Minimization in BLDC Motor Drive," 2016 IEEE 6th International Conference on Power Systems (ICPS).
[3] V. Bist and B. Singh "PFC Cuk Converter-Fed BLDC Motor Drive, "IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 871-887, Feb. 2015.
[4] V. Bist and B. Singh, "A Brushless DC Motor Drive with Power Factor Correction using Isolated-Zeta Converter," IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, ., vol.10, no.4, pp.2064-2072, Nov. 2014.
[5] M. Baszynski and S. Pirog, "A Novel Speed Measurement Method for a High-Speed BLDC Motor Based on the Signals from the Rotor Position Sensor" IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications., vol.10, no.1, pp.84-91, Feb. 2014.

Abstract: The recent trends of the power community is swiftly tending towards more flexible form of power generation for feeding sensitive loads like electronic and commercial loads. DC Microgrid is one of the solution to these emerging problems due to its efficiency, reliability and stability of the system. In this paper, the advantages of DC microgrid over AC microgrid is discussed, and a review of different performance improvement approaches and trends of DC microgrid is presented. This paper classifies different aspects of DC microgrid into two : Control techniques and Converter topologies.. Each aspect is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature.
Keywords: Droop control, Economic Dispatch, Microgrid, Optimization

[1] Hossein Lotfi, Amin Khodaei, "AC Versus DC Microgrid Planning" , IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID, 2015
[2] Daniel E. Olivares, Ali Mehrizi-Sani, Amir H. Etemadi, Claudio A. Cañizares, Mehrdad Kazerani, Amir H. Hajimiragha, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Maryam Saeedifard, Rodrigo Palma-Behnke, Guillermo A. Jiménez-Estévez, Nikos D. Hatziargyriou, "Trends in Microgrid Control", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID,VOL.5,NO.4,JULY2014
[3] Ganesh R, Rangababu Peesapati,Gayadhar Panda, "Hardware-in-loop Implementation of an Adaptive Droop Control Strategy for Effective Load Sharing in DC Microgrid" , , IEEE 2016
[4] Xialin Li, ,Li Guo, Shaohui Zhang, Chengshan Wang, Yunwei Li, Anwei Chen, Yibin Feng, "Observer-based DC Voltage Droop and Current Feed-Forward Control of a DC Microgrid", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SMART GRID,

Abstract: Wind turbines convert wind energy into electrical energy. Variable speed wind turbines are most used wind turbines now a days due to its advantages. Different types of generators are used in the wind turbine systems (WTS). The comparative study of different types of generators in wind turbines are briefly explained in this paper. Today more and more wind farms are connected into the power grid. The active power at the output of wind farms is variable and intermittent due to the changeable wind speed, which affects the voltage stability problems in power grids. More reactive power is demanded to maintain the voltage when it drops. The doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is widely used in wind farms because it has many advantages. The reactive power control is mainly achieved by two modes, i.e. power factor control and voltage control.
Keywords: DFIG, WTS, Reactive power compensation

[1] Dao Zhou,F Frede Blaabjerg, Toke Franke, Michael Tonnes ,and Mogens "Reduced Cost Of Reactive Power In Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine System With Optimized Grid Filter",IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics,2014
[2] Z. Chen, J. M. Guerrero, F. Blaabjerg, "A review of the state of the art of power electronics for wind turbines," IEEE Trans. Power Electronics, vol.24,no.8,pp.1859-1875,Aug 2009
[3] R. Takahashi, H. Ichita, J. Tamura, M. Kimura, M. Ichinose, M. Futami, K. Ide, "Efficiency calculation of wind turbine generation system with doubly-fed induction generator," in Proc. Of International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM)2010,PP.1-4,2010
[4] A. G. Abo-Khalil, H. Park, D. Lee, "Loss minimization control for doubly-fed induction generators in variable speed wind turbines," in Proc. of IECON 2007, pp. 1109-1114, 2007.
[5] S.Muller,M Deike,R E.De Doncker." Doubly fed induction generator system forwind turbines , "IEEE Industry Applications Magazine,vol.8 no.3,pp.26-33,May2002

Abstract: The project on Hybrid Bicycle mainly focusses on energy conservation. The Hybrid Bicycle system consists of a light weight and compact hub motor in the front wheel which is powered from a lithium-ion battery. Three different ways of charging the battery are incorporated: the 220V AC wall outlet, energy from pedaling, and solar power. The Hybrid Bicycle enables substantially longer distance power assisted cycling by regenerating power from pedaling energy (human energy) and solar energy and charging it in the battery.

Keywords: Hub motor, solar power, regenerative charging, wall charging, dc-dc boost converter

[1]. Robin Hardy, "Electric and hybrid vehicles", CRC Press, 2003
[2]. Mehrdad Ehsani, "Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory, and Design", CRC Press, 2004.
[3]. Ajay Babu, "Preliminary Design and Simulation of Hybrid Bicycle with Fuzzy Control Approach," M.Tech thesis, Dept. of Electrical Engg., College of Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram, 2006.

Abstract: New advanced power conversion systems play an essential role in the extension of range and life of batteries. This project proposes a modular multilevel converter with embedded electrochemical cells that achieves very low cell unbalancing without traditional balancing circuits and a negligible harmonic content of the output currents. In this topology, the cells are connected in series by means of half-bridge converters, allowing high flexibility for the discharge and recharge of the battery. The converter features a cell balancing control that operates on each individual arm of the converter to equalize the state of charge of the cells. The project shows that the proposed control does not affect voltage output..............

Keywords: Battery Electric Vehicles, Modular Multilevel Converters ,Battery Management System

[1]. Mahran Quraan, Taejung Yeo, and Pietro Tricoli "Design and Control of Modular Multilevel Converters for Battery Electric Vehicles " , IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 31, no. 1, January 2016
[2]. Daniel Montesinos-Miracle, Miquel Massot.etal"Design and Control of a Modular Multilevel DC/DC Converter for Regenerative Applications", IEEE transactions on power electronics, vol. 28, no. 8, August 2013
[3]. Chun Gan, Jianhua Wu.etal "New Integrated Multilevel Converter for Switched Reluctance Motor Drives in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Flexible Energy Conversion" IEEE transactions on power electronics DOI 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2583467.
[4]. S. D'Arco, L. Piegari, and P. Tricoli, "A modular converter with embedded battery cell balancing for electric vehicles," in Proc. Elect. Syst. Aircraft, Railway Ship Propulsion, Bologna, Italy, Oct. 16–18, 2012, pp. 1–6.