iosr-JEEE   The National Conference on, "Electrical Engineering Research & Advancement"(EERA-2014)

Abstract: The power system monitoring and protection normally makes use of different type of relays. These relays basically operate with signals drawn from system such as voltage and current those are sensed in the current practice by using transducers like current & voltage transformer. These devices suffer a problem of saturation & affect the desired performance of relay & hence fail to operate. Also capacitive voltage transformer suffers the problem of transients. This limitation can be overcome by using a rogowski coil having an air core system. This paper while addressing problems associated with current transformer & CVT also presents the effectiveness of rogowski coil as an advanced solution for relaying system by using MATLAB & PSCAD software.
Keywords: Capacitive Voltage Transformer, CT Saturation, Current Transformer, Rogowski coil etc.

[1] Muzamir Isa, Matti Lehtonen, Rogowski Coil Evaluation Performance with Different Fault Conditions in Medium Voltage Distribution Networks, International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Volume 3, Issue 1, January-June (2012).

[2] Prof. Dr saad mekhilef, mr. cheng Hock lim and Dr ab. Halim abu Bakar, Investigation of transient Performance of capacitor voltage transformer (cvt), Journal - The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia (Vol. 71, No.2, June 2009)

[3] Power System Relaying Committee of IEEE Power Engineering Society, Practical Aspects of Rogowski Coil Applications to Relaying, Special report, September 2010, sponsored by Power System Relaying Committee of IEEE Power Engineering Society

[4] General Electric, IEC Capacitive & Coupling Capacitor Voltage Transformers (CVT & CCVT) guide.

[5] Alstom, Network Protection & automation guide, 2011 edition

Abstract: In our regular used transformer temperature control by traditional method using analog temperature meter in Oil forced Air forced (OFAF) cooling system and in that system when temperature goes above the set temperature, cooling fan will on. One of the more common types of transformer cooling equipment is auxiliary fans. These can be used to keep the radiator tubes cool, thereby increasing the transformer's ratings. Fans should not be used constantly, but rather only when temperatures are such that extra cooling is needed. Automatic controls can be set up so that fans are turned on when the transformer's oil or winding temperature goes too high and therefore we are using the Microcontroller to sense the temperature from temperature sensor and when temperature goes above set limit, transformer cooler fan will on automatically and motor speed is depends on the temperature and using PWM (pulse width modulation) technique for speed control. This paper represent a new kind of method toward controlling the speed of single phase ac motor automatically, the new method is calling the Pulse width modulation (PWM). A single phase ac induction motor controller is presented and PWM frequency control part of the operation is verified experimentally. The application for this ac motor controller is existing single phase ac induction motor less than ½ hp. The ac motor controller is VFD (variable frequency drive). The IGBT (insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) are configured in a full H-bridge with unipolar voltage switching. A variable frequency output waveform is generated by inverter to run a motor at variable speed that is directly proportional to this range of frequencies. In this report, it will state the theoretical result that will obtained. Despite of that, it will also give the theoretical result though a simulation analysis process through a software program. In fact, this will also explain the operational of alternating current motor based on the theoretical method, which also include the component that was use to build the hardware.

Keywords : Pulse width modulation, AC motor, inverter, gate driver.

[1] Dewangan.A.K., PWM Based Automatic Closed Loop Speed Control of DC Motor, International Journal, Volume3Issue,2- 2012.
[2] M. Bounadja, A. Mellakhi, B. Belmadani: A High Performance PWM Inverter Voltage-fed Induction Machines Drive with an Alternative Strategy for Speed Control, Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 1, June 2007, pp.35 – 49
[3] Gopal K. Dubey, Fundamentals of electricDrives ( Narosa Publishing House New Delhi,1989), PP-365-450.

[4] Muhammad H. Rashid, Power electronics circuits devices and applications,( Prentice Hall, 3rdedition, 2003.).

Abstract: A Static Compensator (STATCOM) is a flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) controller, which can either absorb or deliver reactive power to a power system. Distribution Static Compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed for compensation of reactive power and unbalance caused by various loads in distribution system. Distribution static compensator is based on the VSC principle. A D-STATCOM injects a current into the system to correct the voltage sag, swell and power factor. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (D-STATCOM) is an effective measure to maintain voltage stability and improve power quality of distribution system. This paper deals with the modeling and control scheme of D-STATCOM. In this project by analyzing the different control techniques for designing the DSTATCOM & implementing the algorithm which will help in to design the model & working of DSTATCOM in MATLAB/simulink for the required result.
Keywords: Distribution System, Power Quality, Custom Power Device, Shunt Compensation Device, Distribution Static Compensator (D-STATCOM),Voltage source converter(VSC).

[1] Anaya-Lara, E. Acha, "Modeling and analysis of custom power systems by PSCAD/EMTDC," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 17, no I, pp. 266-272, January 2002.
[2] S. Ravi Kumar, S. Sivanagaraju, "Simualgion of D-STATCOM and DVR in power system," ARPN journal of engineering and applied science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 7-13, June 2007.
[3] H. Hingorani, "Introducing custom power", IEEE Spectrum, vol. 32, no 6, pp. 41-48, June 1995.
[4] N. Hingorani, "FACTS-Flexible ac transmission systems," in Proc. IEE 5th IntConf AC DC
Transmission, London, U.K., 1991, Conf Pub. 345, pp. 1-7.
[5] Mahesh Singh, VaibhavTiwari, "Modeling analysis and solution to power quality problems,"
unpublished.

Abstract: The energy circumstances in Rural India is portrayed by lower quality fuel, inefficient use, non reliable power supply and restricted approach towards the usage of current energy sources (Reason being Financial, Social or Cultural Barriers). Poverty declination and economic prosperity can be achieved only if natural resources are managed on a sustainable basis. Millions of people in rural India are still without access which is provided by Contemporary/Renewable energy services. Not only does this affects their economic growth, but also improves and diversifies their standard of living and affects the environment too. The unsustainable use of local biomass and an increasing dependence on fossil fuels are leading to environmental depreciation at local level, territorial and global levels. The paper will analyze the current state of the usage of renewable energy systems and technologies and henceforth throw light upon necessary remedial actions that are vital in order to enhance the use of these applications/technologies.

Keywords : Decentralized Distributed Generation, Renewable Energy, Rural Development, Sustainable Energy

[1] Censusindia.gov.in, Census done by Government of India in 2011

[2] pib.nic.in, Press Information Bureau, GOI

[3] Rajkiran Bilolikar & Ravi Deshmukh, Rural Electrification in India – an overview, National Power Training Institute, Faridabad

[4] OECD Green Growth Studies, Linking Renewable Energy to Rural Development

[5] United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Renewable Energy Technologies for Rural Development, United Nations, Geneva 2010

[ 6] Anil K Rajvanshi, Nimbkar Agricultural Research Institute (NARI), Sustainable Energy for India's Rural Development

Abstract: We know that the problem of voltage sag and its severe contact on sensitive loads. For solve this problem one of the custom power device is the dynamic Voltage restorer (DVR), which is the most accomplished and emphatic modern custom power device used in power distribution networks. It gives fast dynamic response to the disturbance. One of the major problems deals with the voltage sag which is very severe for the industrial customers as it can cause malfunctioning of several sensitive electronic equipments. DVR improve the voltage disturbance in the electrical system which is connected in series with the network. For control purpose of simulation DVR imply PI controller and PWM generator. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate and know the performance of DVR under various fault conditions such as single phase to ground, three phases to ground fault or line to line fault.

Keywords : Custom Power, Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR), PI Controller, Power Quality, Voltage Sags.

[1] Chellali BENACHAIBA, Brahim FERDI, Voltage Quality Improvement Using DVR, Electrical Power Quality and Utilization, Journal Vol,XIV,No.1,2008.
[2] Mojtaba Nemati, Hesam Addin Yousefian ,Hesam Addin Yousefian, Rouhollah Afshari slamic Azad University of Abhar Branch, Abhar, Iran Islamic Azad University of Zanjan Branch, Zanjan, Iran, International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering, Vol 2, No. 7, November 2009.
[3] Swapnil Hazarika, Application of Dynami Voltage Restorer in Electrical Distribution System for Voltage Sag Compensation,IJES,Volume 2.
[4] Roger C. Dugan,: Electrical Power Systems Quality, Third Edition. McGraw Hill Professional, 2012
[5] Barry W. Kennedy, Power Quality Primers, McGraw Hill Professional, 2000.

Abstract:The capacity of energy storage system is calculated to minimize the effect of unsteady power. A dc bus capacitor is able to offer a power shaping ability, and battery can function as an energy storage system. Solution to the problem results in the determination of the capacity of the BESS to ensure constant dispatched power to the connected grid, while the voltage level across the dc-link of the buffer is kept within preset limits. A procedure to determine the BESS capacity and the evaluation of the dc voltage is shown.
Keywords : Battery energy storage system (BESS), power fluctuation, wind energy

[1] S. Teleke, M. E. Baran, S. Bhattacharya, and A. Q. Huang, "Rulebased control of battery energy storage for dispatching intermittent renewable sources," IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 117–124, Oct. 2010.
[2] World Wind Energy Association. Wind energy international 2011/2012 [Online]: http://www.wwindea.org/home/index.php.

[3] W. Li, G. Joos, and C. Abbey, "Attenuation of wind power fluctuations in wind turbine generators using a dc bus capacitor based filtering control scheme," in Proc. IEEE 41st IAS Annu. Meet., Florida, Oct.2006, pp. 216– 220.

[4] J. P. Barton and D. G. Infield, "Energy storage and its use with intermittent renewable energy," IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 441– 448, Jun. 2004.

[5]X. Li, D. Hui, and X. Lai, "Battery energy storage station (BESS)-based smoothing control of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation fluctuations," IEEE Trans. Sustainable Energy, vol.4, no.2, pp. 464-473, April 2013.

Abstract: Dielectric Barrier Discharge is considered to be an efficient method to produce ozone as compared to other method. But for the parameter calculation it becomes necessary to employ RF amplifier which ultimately increases the cost. Parameters can be calculated only at resonance condition which occurs when the frequency of RF amplifier is matched with ozone chamber and transformer. Therefore to obtain resonance condition RF amplifier is necessary. The present technique proposes a circuit which is used to calculate the chamber parameters without gate drive circuit, RF amplifier and lissajous plot. It also eliminates the problem of core saturation due to utilization of high frequency inductor which acts as alternative of transformer in the circuit to produce required voltage levels to drive the ozone cell. Hence a new approach without a transformer.

Keywords: DBD, Full bridge inverter, PSPWM, Transformer less ozone generator, Variable inductor

[1] Muhammad Amjad, Zainal Salam, Mochammad Facta, and Kashif Ishaque," A Simple and Effective Method to Estimate the Model Parameters of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Ozone Chamber", IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 61, no. 6, June2012.

[2] Oleg Koudriavtsev, Shengpei Wang, Yoshihiro Konishi, and Mutsuo Nakaoka,"A Novel Pulse-Density-Modulated High-Frequency Inverter for Silent-Discharge-Type Ozonizer", IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 38, no. 2, March/April 2002.

[3] Vijit Kinnares and Prasopchok Hothongkham, "Circuit Analysis and Modeling of a Phase-Shifted Pulsewidth modulation Full-Bridge- Inverter-Fed Ozone Generator With Constant Applied Electrode Voltage", IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 25, no. 7, July2010.

[4] Nandor Burany, Laszlo Huber,Predrag Pejovic," Corona Dischargesurface Treater without High Voltage Transformer",

[5] Cosby.M.C, Jr. and R. M. Nelms, "A resonant inverter for electronic ballast applications," IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 418– 425, Aug. 1994.

Abstract: Now a days all our basic needs are relates with electricity. The demand for electricity is tremendously increasing day by day. Due to insufficient transmission capacity, one or more transmission line may operate beyond their limits thereby causing transmission congestion and voltage instability problems. Due to the congestion in the network, it is not possible to transmit all the contracted power. Thus increased power demand has forced the power system to operate very closer to its stability limits. So transmission congestion problems are arise in the power system. In this paper the generator participation factor is used to determine the ATC of network, designed in Power Word Simulator17. The participation factor is a measure of how the real power output of the generator changes in response to load demand. In this paper, ATC of the network is calculated, by considering different generator participation factors. By changing the participation factors of generators maximum allowable load at a bus can be changed without causing insecurity to the power system network and hence can be used as a tool for congestion management.

Keywords : Available Transfer Capability (ATC), Congestion, Participation Factors,Power transfer distribution factor, Transmission Management

[1] Ghawghawe N.D and Thakre, K.L "ATC evaluation with consideration of load changes and participation factors- A sensitivity analysis approach‟ Power Engineering Conference, 2007. IPEC 2007.

[2] Shahidehpour M and Almoush M "Restructured Electric Power System" Marcel- Deccer Publishers pp.158-159.

[3] Bhattacharya K, Operation of Restructured Power Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, USA, 2001 pp 15-21

[4] Hugh Rudnick, "Planning in a deregulated environment in developing countries : Bolivia, Chile, Peru", IEEE Power Engineering Review 16(7) (1996) 18-19.

[5] Christie R and Wangestin I, "Transmission Management in Deregulated Environment‟ IEEE Proceedings 88(2000) 170-195. [6]North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC), "Available Transfer Capability Definitions and Determination‟, NERC Report, June 1996.

Abstract: Power quality is the most important issue in the distribution system. It has become important, especially for sophisticated device, whose performance is very sensitive to the quality of power supply. Most of the quality problems in the distribution system are related to voltage sag. To improve the power quality, custom power device is used. The device considered is the DVR. This paper presents modeling, analysis and simulation of the DVR test system using MATLAB. In this paper dq0 control algorithm is used for detection of sag and SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) technique is used to obtain appropriate switching of the VSI (Voltage Source Inverter) for the desired output. In this paper topology of DVR i.e. DVR with energy storage system are used. Finally, computational result and the mathematical result for 80% voltage sag are compensated.

Keywords : Power quality problem, Injection transformer, ESS, VSI, SPWM.

[1] P. Sanchez. et.al. "A versatile control scheme for a dynamic voltage restorer for power-quality improvement," IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 277–284, Jan. 2009
[2] Roger Dugan, "Electrical Power Systems Quality",2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2002.
[3] J.G Nielsen. and F. Blaabjerg. "A Detailed Comparison Of System Topologies for Dynamic Voltage Restorers", IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 41, No. 5, Sep./Oct. 2005, , pp. 1272–1280.
[4] K Chan. and A Kara. et.al. "Innovative System Solution for Power Quality Enhancement", ,Proc of CIREO, 1999
[5] P Boonchiam and N Mithulananthan, "Dynamic Control Strategy In Medium Voltage DVR for Mitigating Voltage Sags/Swells", in Proc. PST, 2006, pp.1-5.

Abstract: Synchronous generators are important elements of a power system. Its reliability and proper functioning are crucial in maintaining an uninterrupted power supply to the customers. Their reliability not only affects the electric energy availability of the supplied area, but also affects the economical operation of a utility. Hence the alternator protection is critical issue in power system as issue lies in the accurate and rapid discrimination of healthy condition from different faults. Artificial neural network has been proposed and has demonstrated the capability of solving the fault detection problem using an inexpensive, reliable, and noninvasive procedure. This project describes a novel and simple artificial neural-nets (ANNs) technique without using rigorous mathematics. A laboratory alternator was used to collect the data from controlled experiments. After capturing the three phase currents of alternator with data acquisition system some of the samples are used as an input to a designed neural network models Multi Layer Perceptron and Principle Component Analysis. The network is then trained rigorously and tested. The results so obtained are finally compared.

Keywords: Alternator, current, Artificial Neural Network, Normal and Faulty waveforms

[1] O.Usta,Member, IEEE, M.Bayrak,Member, IEEE, and M.A.Redfern,Member,IEEE , " A New Digital Relay for Generator Protection Against Asymmetrical Faults" ,IEEE Transactions on power delivery ,vol.17,no.1,jan 2002.

[2] A. I. Megahed and O. P. Malik, "An artificial neural network based digital differential protection for synchronous generator stator winding protection,"IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 14, pp. 86–93, Jan. 1999.

[3]A. I. Taalab, H. A. Darwish, and T. A. Kawady, "ANN-based novel fault detector for generator stator winding protection," IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 14, pp. 824–830, July 1999.

Abstract: The ever increasing demand of Electrical energy due to industrialisation and urbanisation has led to concentrate on the use renewable energy sources at the fullest. Under the renewable energy sources the biogas energy source is the most challenging one to cope up with the scarcity of electrical energy. The biogas from the biogas digesters can be compressed and bottled. This stored biogas can be put in use to the extent where it is required and it also reduces transportation costs, which is a major hurdle in the biogas usage. This paper summarizes an idea that can be carried out for effective biogas compression and bottling process and it also includes 3D model of the proposed method developed in Solid works software.

Keywords: Biogas compression, Bottling, Compressor, Manifold system, scrubbing unit,.

[1] S.S Kapdi, V.K. Vijay, S.K. Rajesh, Rajendra Prasad "Biogas scrubbing, compression and storage: perspective and prospectus in Indian context". Centre for rural development and technology, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016, India.
[2] Biogas Production from Kitchen waste by Prof. Krishna Parmanik, Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of technology, Rourkela

[3] Virendra K. vijay, Ram Chandra, Parchuri M. V. subbarao and shyam S. kapdi, "Biogas purification and bottling into CNG cylinders: producing bio CNG from biomass for rural automotive applications". Mechanical Engineering department, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz khas, New Delhi- 110 016, India.

[4] Michael, Jason, Peter and James Faupel, "Design and Development of a Biogas compression and storage system capable of implementing in the developing world", Department of Mechanical, Materials and manufacturing Engineering

[5] Piyapong Singbua and Ratchaphon suntivarakorn, "Development of Biogas compression system for using in household", Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, khon Kaen Uni, Maung, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.