iosr-JEEE   Two day National Conference on "SMart grid And Renewable Technologies" ( SMART-2016)

Abstract: The Paper Reviews about the Recent Trends in Economic Dispatch Problem Which Turn has To promote the increase in the number of power generating stations and their capacity of generation. The consequent increase in power transmission lines connects the generating stations to the load centers. The generation of electricity from fossil fuel releases several contaminated elements, such as Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Which leads to the formulation of combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) problem. Current researchers are developing various natural inspired algorithms to eliminate the combined economic and emission dispatch (CEED) problem. This paper presents a review ON economic load and emission dispatch (CEED) PROBLEMS which are solved by different techniques
Keywords: Optimum power flow, CEED, CO2, RGA, RBF,ABC.

[1]. P.Venkatesh,R.Gnanadass,and Narayana Prasad Padhy, " Comparison and Appliation of Evolutionary Programming Techniques to Combined Economic Emission Dispatch With Line Flow Constraints", IEEE transaction on power systems, VOL.18, NO. 2, May 2003.
[2]. Gopala Krishnan, A Krishnan, " study on techniques for combine economic and emission dispatch", Global Journal of Researches in engineering electrical and electronical engineering vol.11 Issue 5 version 1.0 july 2011.
[3]. S.Jayasankar, V.Lakshmi Devi, " A comparative analysis of combined economic and emission dispatch problem using conventional and modern algorithms", International Journal of Software & Hardware Research in Engineering Vol.2, 8 August 2014.
[4]. Sahu B, Lall A., Das S., and Patra T. M., "Economic Load Dispatch in Power System Using Genetic Algoritm", International Journal of Computer App. vol. 67, pp. 17-22, April 2013.
[5]. Dimple Singla, Sanjay K. Jain, " A review on Combined Economic and Emission Dispatch using Evolutionary Methods", International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol.2, June 2013..

Abstract: Being one of the biggest consumers of energy and also one of the largest producers of greenhouse gases, buildings are considered as a field, where tremendous opportunities exists for energy saving through some changes at designing stage. Energy consumption in buildings account for 40% of total energy consumption in the world and it accounts for 18% of global emission today, which is equivalent to 9 billion tons of C emission annually according to National Building Code (NBC). This highlights an immediate requirement to implement sustainability..........
Keywords: Greenhouse gases, National Building Code (NBC), Green Buildings (GB).

[1]. Buildings and Climate Change Report: Summary for Decision makers, United Nations Environment Programme, 2009, 2-11.
[2]. The Impacts of Construction and the Built Environment: briefing note, Willmott Dixon Group, 2010.
[3]. David V. Chadderton, Building Services Engineering (Taylor & Francis, London, 5th edition, 2007).
[4]. Advance and high performance materials for energy efficient buildings, National Building Code (NBC), 2011.
[5]. Vision-2050, Indian Institute of Soil Science (IISC), 2015..

Abstract: Distributed Generation (DG) also known as dispersed generation is small scale generation units directly coupled with the distributed system. There has been great interest in the installation of distributed generation sources close to the consumer load centre. The DG technologies comprise of both conventional and non-conventional sources of energy to generate power in order to satisfy the demand of ever rising energy demand. Optimum position and size of DG units can aid the performance of active power system network........
Keywords- Distributed Generation, Loss Minimization, Optimum Location, Optimization Techniques, Voltage Profile Improvement

[1]. T. Ackermann, G. Andersson, and L. Soder, "Distributed generation: a definition," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 57, pp. 195-204, 2001.
[2]. P. Chidareja, "Benefits of distributed generation: A line loss reduction analysis," Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition: Asia and Pacific, 2005.
[3]. P. Chidareja and R. Ramakumar, "An approach to quantify technical benefits of distributed generation," IEEE Trans. Energy, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 764-773, 2004.
[4]. H. A. Gil and G. Joos, "Models for quantifying the economic benefits of distributed generators," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 23, pp. 327-335, 2008
[5]. S. Khushalani, J. M. Solanki, and N. N. Schulz, "Development of three-phase unbalanced power flow using PV and PQ models and study the impact of DG models," IEEE Trans. Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1019-1025, 2007.

Abstract: The Photovoltaic (PV) power has rapid growth due to its clean, no noise and less maintenance. However, all PV systems have two major drawbacks, viz., the efficiency of PV power generation is very low and the output power of a PV system is nonlinear, which depends on weather conditions, such as ambient temperature and the solar irradiance. So, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) methods have been proposed for PV systems, such as constant voltage tracking (CVT) method, perturbation and observation (P&O) method, Incremental Conductance (INC) method, curve-fitting method, look-up table method, and so on.........
Keywords - Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT), Photovoltaic Generation System (PGS),Photovoltaic (PV), Partial Shaded Conditions (PSC), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO).)

[1]. M A Hasan and S K Parida, "Effect of non-uniform irradiance on electrical characteristics of an assembly of PV panels", Power Electronics (IICPE), 2014 IEEE 6th India International Conference on, 01 june 2015.
[2]. Siwakoti Yam Prasad et al, "Microcontroller based intelligent DC/DC converter to track Maximum Power Point for solar photovoltaic module", Innovative Technologies for an Efficient and Reliable Electricity Supply (CITRES), 2010 IEEE Conference on, 04 Nov. 2010.
[3]. Sarah Lyden, M. EnamulHaque and M. Apel Mahmud, "Maximum Power Point Tracking Methods for PV Systems", Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants, Green Energy and Technology, 16 June 2016, 79-105.
[4]. Wei Xu, Chaoxu Mu and Lei Tang," Advanced Control Techniques for PV Maximum Power Point Tracking", Advances in Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants, 2016, 43-78.
[5]. Dezso Sera, LaszioMalthe et al,"On the Perturb-and-Observe and Incremental Conductance MPPT Methods for PV Systems", IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 3(3), July 2013.

Abstract: Micro grids performance and stability mostly depend on power-flow control strategy. In order to allow for coordinated control while maintaining reliable operation, decentralized control methods based on and droop characteristics have been utilized. Inherently, the power droop control methods have slow dynamics. In this paper, a novel control method based on V-I characteristics is introduced to exploit the flexibility and fast dynamics of the inverter-based distributed energy resources............
Keywords: Load sharing, distributed energy resource (DER), droop, inverter, microgrids, power sharing.

[1]. A. Purvins et al., ―A European supergrid for renewable energy: Local impacts and far-reaching challenges,‖ J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 19, pp. 1909–1916, Nov. 2011.
[2]. J. M. Guerrero, M. Chandorkar, T. Lee, and P. C. Loh, ―Advanced control architectures for intelligent microgrids—part I: Decentralized and hierarchical control,‖ IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1254–1262, Apr. 2013.
[3]. M. Babazadeh and H. Karimi, ―A robust two-degree-of-freedom control strategy for an islanded microgrid,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 1339–1347, Jul. 2013.
[4]. K. T. Tan, P. L. So, Y. C. Chu, and M. Z. Q. Chen, ―Coordinated control and energy management of distributed generation inverters in a microgrid,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 704–713, Apr. 2013.
[5]. M. B. Delghavi and A. Yazdani, ―A unified control strategy for electronically interfaced distributed energy resources,‖ IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 803–812, Apr. 2012..

Abstract: Modern days of power system networks are more polluted and complex in nature, they are inter connected with various levels of voltages and the grid faces exigent operating scenario. The integration of renewable energy sources to utility grid depends on the scale of penetration and the grid operating conditions becomes more complex. Large-scale of wind power penetration impacts the Electricity Supply Industry (ESI) in many aspects such as wind speed uncertainty, high volatility and low predictability reduces the system security. Photovoltaic systems (PV) and their priority are more growing in recent days of power generation.........
Keywords: Wind power, Photovoltaic (PV) system, stability, power quality, harmonics, flickers, Grid codes, distributed generation, PCC.

[1]. John Kabouris and F.D.Kanellos "Impacts of Large-Scale Wind Penetration on Designing and Operation of Electric Power Systems", IEEE transactions on sustainable energy, VOL. 1, NO. 2, pp107-114. July 2010
[2]. Aida fazliana Abdul Kadir, Tamer Khatib, and Wilfried Elmenreich2 "Integrating Photovoltaic Systems in Power System: Power Quality Impacts and Optimal Planning Challenges", International Journal of Photoenergy VOL 2014 pp:1-7.Published 17 August 2014
[3]. Anil Gupta1, Dr. Arun Shandilya "Challenges of Integration of Wind Power on Power System Grid : A Review", International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, VOL 4, Issue 4, pp-880-884,April 2014
[4]. Pedro González, Enrique Romero-Cadaval, Eva González, and Miguel A. Guerrero "Impact of Grid Connected Photovoltaic System in the Power Quality of a Distribution Network", Power Electrical and Electronic Systems (PE&ES), School of Industrial Engineering (University of Extremadura) Luis M. Camarinha-Matos (Ed.): DoCE IS 2011, IFIP AICT 349, pp. 466–473, 2011
[5]. Er. Mamatha Sandhu , Dr.Tilak Thakur, "Issues, Challenges, Causes, Impacts and Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources - Grid Integration" Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN: 2248-9622, VOL. 4, Issue 3, pp.636-643., March 2014..

Abstract: This article deals with automatic generation control of a multi area interconnected hydro thermal system in different modes using intelligent integral and proportional-integral controllers and provides the comparative analysis of electrical and mechanical governors. Appropriate generation rate constraint has been considered for the hydro thermal generation plants. These cumulated thermal areas are considered with reheat turbines. Performances of reheat turbine mechanical governor and hydro turbine electrical governor dynamic responses have been investigated. Further,.........
Keywords: Accelerated particle swarm optimization;Power System modeling;Advance control techniques;Two area system control.

[1] C. Concordia and L. K. Kirchmayer, "Tie-line power & frequency control of electric power system: Part II," AISE Trans, III-A, vol. 73, pp. 133–146, Apr. 1954.
[2] L. K. Kirchmayer, Economic Control of Interconnected Systems. New York: Wiley, 1959.
[3] M. L. Kothari, B. L. Kaul, and J. Nanda, "Automatic generation control of hydrothermal system," J. Inst. Eng. India, pt. EL2, vol. 61, pp. 85–91,Oct. 1980.
[4] M. L. Kothari, J. Nanda, and P. S. Satsangi, "Automatic generation control of hydrothermal system considering generation rate constraint," J.Inst. Eng. India, vol. 63, pp. 289–297, Jun. 1983.
[5] J. Nanda, M. L. Kothari, and P. S. Satsangi, "Automatic generation control of an interconnected hydrothermal system in continuous and discrete modes considering generation rate constraints," Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng., pt. D, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 17–27, Jan. 1983.

Abstract: In the research of low power and low voltage in networks, the use and implementation of dual edge triggered flip flop has gained more attention at the gate level design. The main advantage of using dual edge triggered flip flop is that it allows one to maintain a constant throughput while operating at only half the clock frequency. This paper proposes a dual edge triggered flip flop (DETFF) for optimization of energy, power and delay. Results are compared with four previously published static edge triggered flip-flops for their performance, power dissipation, low voltage and low power applications...............
Keywords: Clock-gated, high-performance, low-power, sense-amplifier flip-flop.

[1]. H. Kawaguchi and T. Sakurai, "A reduced clock-swing flip-flop(RCSFF) for 63% power reduction," IEEE J. Solid State Circuits, vol.33, no. 5, pp. 807–811, May 1998.
[2]. N. Nedovic, M. Aleksic, and V. G. Oklobdzija, "Conditional precharge techniques for power-efficient dual-edge clocking," in Proc. 2002 Int. Symp. Low Power Electronics Design (ISPLED 2002), 2002, pp.56–59.
[3]. C.-C. Yu, "Design of low-power double edge-triggered flip-flop circuit," in Proc. 2nd IEEE Conf. Industrial Electronics Applications.(ICIEA 2007), May 2007, pp. 2054-2057.
[4]. C. S. Kim, J. S. Kong, Y. S. Moon, and Y. H. Jun, "Presetting pulsebased flip-flop," in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Systems (ISCAS 2008), May 2008, pp. 588–591.
[5]. P. Zhao et al., "Low-power clock branch sharing double edge-triggered flip-flop," IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst., vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 338–345, Mar. 2007.

Abstract: Modern power systems are highly complex and are designed to fulfill the growing demands of power with better power quality. In recent years power engineering is giving more attention to electrical power quality. At distribution system, due to non linear loads and increasing of load demand the quality of power supply is not present. So in order to provide quality of supply research has been carried out for many years. For that custom power devices and filters have been used. Normally D-STATCOM has been used for voltage regulation and Hybrid Active Power Filter is used for harmonics reduction. In this, VSI will have the above two properties in it and so there will be a better power supply to the utility under any power system disturbances.
Keywords: D-STATCOM, Harmonic Compensation, Hybrid Active Power Filter, Power Quality, VSI.

[1] Javier A. Muñoz, José R. Espinoza, Carlos R. Baier, et al, "Decoupled and Modular Harmonic Compensation for Multilevel STATCOMs", IEEE Transactions On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 61, NO. 6, pp no. 2743-2753, June 2014.
[2] S. Rahmani, A. Hamadi, and K. Al-Haddad, "A Lyapunov-function-based control for a three-phase shunt hybrid active filter", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1418–1429, Mar. 2012.
[3] G. Buticchi, L. Consolini, and E. Lorenzani, "Active filter for the removal of the dc current component for single-phase power lines", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 4403–4414, Oct. 2013.
[4] C. Wessels, N. Hoffmann, M. Molinas, and F. Fuchs, "StatCom control at wind farms with fixed-speed induction generators under asymmetrical grid faults", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 7, pp. 2864–2873, Jul. 2013.
[5] T. Lee, S. Hu, and Y. Chan, "D-STATCOM with positive-sequence admittance and negative-sequence conductance to mitigate voltage fluctuations in high-level penetration of distributed generation systems", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1417–1428, Apr. 2013..