iosr-JEEE   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: The main aim of this paper is to damp out power system oscillations, which has been recognized as one of the major concerns in power system operation. This paper proposes a robust controller design for single machine infinite bus system based on Modified Nevanlinna-Pick theory along with Heffron-Phillip's K model to stabilize power systems with unstable or lightly damped rotor modes. Most of the methods are not only complex but also require apriority knowledge of the complete system data. The method as proposed for single machine infinite bus system is easy to implement and gives better performance over wide range of operating conditions as compare to conventional one.
Keywords -Modified Nevanlinna-Pick theory (MNP), Heffron-Phillip's model(HP) ,Power System Stabilizers (PSS), Single Machine connected Infinite Bus (SMIB).

[1] G. Sai Sudheer , B N S P Venkatesh , Emandi. Ramesh , Doradla. Prathap Hari Krishna,"Design Of Power System Stabilizer To
Improve Small Signal Stability By Using Modified Heffron-Phillip's Model" IJEST, Vol. 3 No. 6, pp. 4888-4896, June 2011.
[2] P. Dorato, Yunzhi Li, "A Modification of the Classical Nevanlinna-Pick Interpolation Algorithm with Application to Robust
Stabilization", IEEE Trans. Vol. AC-31, pp. 645-648, , July 1986.
[3] P.S. Kundur, Power System Stability and Control. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.,1994.
[4] K. R. Padiyar, POWER SYSTEM DYNAMICS Stability and Control. John Wiley; Interline Publishing, 1996.
[5] P.S. Rao,"On The Design of Robust Power System Damping Controllers", Ph.D Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore ,
May 1998.
[6] G. Gurrala and I. Sen, "A Modified Heffron-Phillip's Model for The Design of Power System Stabilizers," in POWERCON 2008,
New Delhi, India, October 12 - 15, 2008.
[7] P. Kundur, M. Klein, G. J. Rogers, M. S. Zywno, "Application of Power System Stabilizer for Enhancement of Overall System
Stability", IEEE Trans. Vol. PWRS-4, pp. 614-626, May 1989.
[8] C.Zhu, R.Zhou, and Y. Wang, "A new nonlinear voltage controller for power systems,"Int. J. Electr. Power and Energy Syst. , vol.
19, pp. 19-27, 1997.
[9] F. P. de Mello, C. Concordia, "Concept of Synchronous Machine Stability as Affected by Excitation Control", IEEE Trans. Vol.
PAS-88, pp. 316-329, April 1969.

Abstract:In this paper, observer based synchronization of chaotic Lorenz system is presented. The virtual system concept is used for synchronization of observer states to actual system states. First, synchronization is presented without any uncertainty in system parameters and further synchronization is achieved for the case with uncertainty in system parameters. Adaptation law for uncertain parameters are developed as a consequence of stability analysis. Convergences of uncertain parameters are also analyzed. Simulation results are presented in the end to verify the synchronization of observer states to actual system states.
Keywords:Contraction theory, Exponential convergence, Observer, Parametric uncertainty, Synchronization, Virtual system.

[1] Jayaram A., Tadi M.: Synchronization of chaotic systems based on SDRE method. Chaos Solitons Fractals vol.28, Nr.3, pp.707-
715 (2006).
[2] Carroll T.L. and Pecora L.M.: Synchronizing chaotic circuits. IEEE Trans. vol.38, pp.453-456 (1991).
[3] CarrollT.L. and Pecora L.M.: Cascading synchronized chaotic systems. Physica D 67, 126-140 (1993).
[4] Carroll T.L. and Pecora L.M.: Synchronizing non-autonomous chaotic circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 40, 646 (1995).
[5] Lohmiller W., and Slotine J.J.E.: Control system design for mechanical systems using Contraction theory.IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, vol.45, No.5 (2000).
[6] Jouffroy J. and Slotine J.J.E.: Methodological remarks on contraction theory. IEEE Conference on Decision and Control Atlantis,
Paradise Island, Bahamas, pp. 2537- 2543 (2004).
[7] Jouffroy J., Some ancestors of contraction analysis, Proc. of IEEE Conference on
Decision and Control, pp.5450-5455, Seville, Spain (2005).
[8] B. B. Sharma and I. N. Kar: Design of asymptotically convergent frequency estimator using contraction theory. IEEE Trans. on
Automatic Control, vol.53, No 8, pp.1932-1937 (2008).
[9] B.B.Sharma and I.N.Kar: Contraction theory based recursive design of stabilizing controller for a class of nonlinear systems. IET
control theory & applications, pp.1005-1018 (2010).
[10] B.B.Sharma and I. N.Kar: Contraction based adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems. Proc. American control conference,
pp. 808-813 (2009).

Abstract:This paper presents the view of Open Access of power mechanism and evaluates the implication on the Distribution Utilities in an Indian context or in energy deficit area. After de-regulation, energy sector had witness reforms and important one was an Open access of energy. An implementation of Open Access of energy from anywhere by using existing transmission lines, paying applicable charges and system losses helps in accessing of energy from anywhere in the country. But this regulatory frame work come up with the impact on the Distribution Utilities and creates two major concern to the Distribution Utilities (1) Power missmanagement (2) Revenue Loss. These concerns are being illustrative with the case-study.
Keywords:De-regulation, Distribution Utilities, Over-Drawl, Under- Drawl, Unscheduled Interchange (UI), Open Access of Power, Open Access consumers.

[1] Central Electricity Regulatory Commission Website (http://www.cercind.org).
[2] Ministry of Power, Government of India Website (http://powermin.nic.in).
[3] Published in Gazette of India The Electricity Act, 2003. India: Universal Law Publication Company Pvt. Ltd.
[4] Central Electricity Authority of India Website (http://www.cea.nic.in).
[5] Khaparde S.A Power Sector Reforms and Restructuring in India, Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2004. IEEE, Denver,
CO, 10-10 June 2004.
[6 ] Raoot, M.G. Pentayya, P. ; Khaparde, S.A. ; Usha, S. Complexities in integrating IPPs in Indian power system, Power and Energy
Society General Meeting, 2010 IEEE, Minneapolis,MN,25-29July-2010.
[7] Bajaj, H.L. Sharma, D. Power Sector Reforms in India, Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems, 2006. PEDES '06.
International Conference, New Delhi, 12-15 Dec. 2006.
[8] Yadav, R.G. , Roy, A. ; Khaparde, S.A. ; Pentayya, P. India's fast growing power sector - from regional development to the growth
of a national grid.Power and Energy Magazine, IEEE, July-Aug. 2005
[9] Rudnick, H. Mocarquer, S. ; Mohr, R. The difficulties of open access and pricing in distribution networks, Power Engineering
Society General Meeting, 2007. IEEE, Tampa, FL 24-28 June 2007.
[10] Talati, S, Bednarz, J. Deregulation and opportunities for industrial customers, Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions, Nov/Dec
1998.

Abstract:Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) is a technology, which is based on power electronic devices, used to enhance the existing transmission capabilities in order to make the transmission system flexible and independent operation. The FACTS technology is a promising technology to achieve complete deregulation of Power System i.e. Generation, Transmission and Distribution as complete individual units. The loading capability of transmission system can also be enhanced nearer to the thermal limits without affecting the stability. Complete close-loop smooth control of reactive power can be achieved using shunt connected FACTS devices. Static VAR Compensator (SVC) is one of the shunt connected FACTS device, which can be utilized for the purpose of reactive power compensation.. This paper attempts to design and simulate the Fuzzy logic control of firing angle for SVC (TCR & FC-TCR) in order to achieve better, smooth and adaptive control of reactive power. The design, modeling and simulations are carried out for λ /8 Transmission line and the compensation is placed at the receiving end (load end). The results of both SVC (TCR & FC-TCR) devices
Keywords: Fuzzy Logic, FACTS and SVC.

[1] Narain. G. Hingorani, "Understanding FACTS, Concepts and Technology Of flexible AC Transmission Systems", by IEEE Press
USA
[2] Bart Kosko, "Neural Networks and Fuzzy Systems A Dynamical Systems Approach to Machine Intelligence", Prentice-Hall of
India New Delhi, June 1994.
[3] Timothy J Ross, "Fuzzy Logic with Engineering Applications", McGraw-Hill, Inc, New York, 1997.
[4] Laboratory Manual for Transmission line and fuzzy Trainer Kit Of Electrical Engineering Department NIT Warangal
[5] SIM Power System User Guide Version 4 MATLAB Manual Periodicals and Conference Proceedings:
[6] S.M.Sadeghzadeh M. Ehsan " Improvement of Transient Stability Limit in Power System Transmission Lines Using Fuzzy
Control of FACTS Devices ,IEEE Transactions on Power System Vol.13 No.3 ,August 1998
[7] Chuen Chien Lee "Fuzzy Logic in Control Systems: Fuzzy Logic Controller". Part I and Part II. IEEE R. IEEE transactions on
system, man ,and cybernetics ,vol.20 March/April11990
[8] Juanjuan Wang, Chuang Fu, and Yao Zhang "SVC Control System Based on Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory and Fuzzy
PID" IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 55, NO. 4, APRIL 2008.
[9] D. Z. Fang, Yang Xiaodong, T. S. Chung, Senior Member, IEEE, and K. P. Wong, Fellow, IEEE "Adaptive Fuzzy-Logic SVC \
Damping Controller Using Strategy of Oscillation Energy Descent" IEEE transactions on power systems, vol. 19, NO. 3,
AUGUST 2004
[10] A.M. Kulkarni, "Design of power system stabilizer for single-machine system using robust periodic output feedback controller",
IEE Proceedings Part – C, Vol. 150, No. 2, pp. 211 – 216, March 2003. Technical Reports: Papers from Conference Proceedings
unpublished):

Abstract:In India 70 percent of the grain is sundried. This leads to increased dependence on the environment and loss of grain if improperly dried. The drying of grain by the conventional method cannot achieve the desired moisture level as per the user's requirement. The use of grain dryers will not only reduce the environmental dependence of the drying process but will also provide customizable moisture content in the grain according to user's demands. The storage of the grain requires is to be below at a particular moisture level else it would lead to the development of molds which will damage the grain. So to facilitate the storage requirement of the grain the dryers would dry the grain quickly and efficiently. A methodology is developed for drying the grains through the use of humidity sensing techniques and the use of PLC to control the entire drying procedure. Thus saving energy and catering to the user's requirements. The samples of Barley have been tested to verify the effectiveness of proposed methodology developed.
Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Grain dryer, Fodder based furnace, Temperature sensor, Humidity sensor.

[1] R. Daghigh, M.H. Ruslan, A. Zaharim and K. Sopian, Air Source Heat Pump System for Drying Application, Proceedings of the
9th WSEAS International Conference on System Science and Simulation in Engineering, 404-409, 2010.
[2] R. Daghigh, M.H. Ruslan, M.A. Alghoul, A. Zaharim and K. Sopian, Design of Nomogram to Predict Performance of Heat Pump
Dryer, Proceedings of the 3rd WSEAS International Conference on Renewable Energy Sources, 277-282, 2009.
[3] Abhay Kumar Thakur, A. K. Gupta, Stationary versus fluidized-bed drying of high- moisture paddy with rest period [J]. Drying
Technology, 24(11), 2006, 1143 -1456.
[4] K. M. Kundu, R. Das, A. B. Datta, et al. On the analysis of drying process [J]. Drying Technology, 23(5), 2005, 1093-1105.
[5] M. Volenik,V. Rozman, I. Kalinovic, A. Liska, B. Šimic, Influence of relative humidity and temperature on changes ingrain
moisture in stored wheat and sunflower, 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection.
[6] A. Hossain and S. M. Suyut, Monitoring and controlling of a real time industrial process using dynamic model control technology,
Proc. IEEE Ind. Applicat. Soc. Workshop on Dynamic Modeling Control Applications for Industry, 1997, 20–25.
[7] HSM-20G humidity sensor module manual.
[8] User's guide to SIEMENS'S 'LOGO!' PLC.

Abstract:This project uses FUZZY LOGIC TECHNIQUE in estimating speed and controlling it for DC motor. The rotor speed of the dc motor can be made to follow an arbitrarily selected trajectory. The purpose is to achieve accurate trajectory control of the speed of DC Motor, especially when the motor and load parameters are unknown. Such a control scheme gives very accurate and precise result in very short time. The fuzzy logic controller employs if-else form programming of the various conditions to control the motor speed.

[1] FUZZY AND SOFT COMPUTING- Jyh-shing, Roger Jang, Chuen-Tsai Sun
[2] K. B. Mohanty,"Fuzzy remote controller for converter DC motor drives" , Parintantra, Vol. 9, No. 1, June 2004
[3] Zimmermann, H. (2001). Fuzzy Set Theory And Its Applications. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 0-7923-7435-5
[4] Yager, Ronald R, Filev, Dimitar P. (1994). Essentials of Fuzzy Modelling and Control. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-01761-2
[5] Santos, Eugene S. (1970). "Fuzzy Algorithms". Information and Control 17 (4)
[6] B.C Kuo–Digital Control Systems-2nd Edition