iosr-JRME   Volume-2 ~ Issue-3

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Employers' Perception of the Role of Technical Vocational Education and Training in Sustainable Development in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Abubakar Sadiq BAPPAH, Jimritu Dunama MEDUGU
	:	10.9790/7388-0230105

Abstract: The study was aimed at finding out the opinions of employers of labour on the roles of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) for sustainable development in Nigeria. The sample comprised of 84 indigenous and 72 multinational employers in the North-East Geopolitical Zone of Nigeria. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. A duly validated 17- item 5 – point likert scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using means and standard deviation and the t-test to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed among other things that, both indigenous and multi-national employers were not satisfied with the contribution of TVET for sustainable development in Nigeria. Based on the findings, implications were deduced, relevant recommendations were highlighted and conclusion was drawn.

Key words: Employers, Technical Vocational Education, Training, Indigenous employers, Multi-national employers

[1] R. B.Mustapha and J.B Greeman. The role of vocational education in economic development of Malaysia: Educationists and employers Perspectives Journal of Industrial Teacher Education 3 9(2), 2002.

[2] O. Aina. Technical and Vocational Education (TVE) in Nigeria: the way forward. Paper presented at the ETF zonal sensitisation workshops on the importance of technical and vocational education in Nigeria, Port Harcourt, 2006

[3] S. O. Olaitan. Essential considerations for an effective vocational – technical education development in Nigeria. Paper presented at 8th Annual conference of Nigerian vocational association at university of Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, 1993

[4] T.Manifred, and W. Jennifer. Vocational Education and Training: key To the Future. Greece: Colibri Ltd, 2004.

[5] H. Giroux. Series introduction: Reading work education as the practice theory. In R. I simon, D. Dippoo, & A. Schenk (Eds.), Learning Work: A Critical Pedagogy of Work Education. New York: Bergin & Ganvey, 1991

[6] C.C. Okolocha. Vocational technical education in Nigeria: Challenges and the way forward. Unizik Orient Journal of Education 2(1), 2006, 180 – 189

[7] A. Michael. Development in the Field of Vocational Education and Training (VET) system of Brussels: member states European centre for the development of vocational training, 2002.
[8] Republic of Kenya. Ministry of Education, Science and technology: 8 – 4 system of Education Nairobi: Government printer, 1984 [9] Federal Republic of Nigeria. National Policy on Education (3ed) Yaba, Lagos NERC Press, 2004

[10] A. Brown and E.A. Keep. U K perspective on how well initial vocational education and training facilitates lifelong learning. Paper presented at the European conference on educational Research, Lahti Fin Land, 1999.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Students' Mobility and the Impact on the Administration of Secondary Schools in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Prof. Victor F. Peretomode, Dr. (Mrs) Ogheneruona E. Iggue
	:	10.9790/7388-0230612

Abstract: The paper examines the rate, trend, gender, location and the causes of secondary school students' inter-school mobility in Delta State of Nigeria. It also determines the problems associated with school administrative tasks as a consequence of this phenomenon. An instrument titled, Students' Inter-school Mobility and School Administration Questionnaire (SISMABAQ) was developed and subjected to validity with a test retest reliability coefficient of 0.78. This instrument was used to solicit responses from a sample of 399 school administrators. The sample was selected from a population of 1113 school administrators based on stratified random sampling technique. Descriptive statistics-frequency, percentage and the mean - were used to analyze the data. The findings show that the rate of movement was low, higher in rural areas than in urban areas, but on the whole was fairly steady. Several factors were identified as reasons for the phenomenon with the top-most being examination malpractice, indicating that most students moved because they wanted to make good grades in their High School Certificate Examinations but without working hard to earn those fine grades. On the whole, the phenomenon of student mobility negatively affected secondary school administration in Delta State of Nigeria. Key Terms: Academic performance, administrative tasks, drop-out, inter-school movement, inter-school transfer, secondary school administration, student mobility.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Note taking: A lesson for Novice Qualitative Researchers.
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Margaret Tinny Muswazi, Edmore Nhamo
	:	10.9790/7388-0231317

Abstract:Although the information can be used in other circumstances, the intention of this manuscript is to assist students and other people who are beginning to get involved in qualitative research on how to take notes. It clearly shows that note taking in not composition writing or a word to word transcription of what is said by someone as may be common with students in many lectures. It shows that note taking is the strategic selection of information that can be used to remember the scenario existing at the time in question. Information was collected through document analysis of well known authors on research such as Denzin and Lincoln; Best and Kahn; Gall, Borg, and Gall and others, as well as from observation and experience of the authors. The paper discusses taking down written notes, tape recording and videotaping as forms of note taking. The advantages and constraints posed by each form and against the other are highlighted. The conclusion made is that resources and expertise permitting, videotaping becomes the best mode of note taking. Keywords, Note taking, novice qualitative researchers, tape recording, videotaping, written notes.

[1] Best, J. W. and Kahn, J. V, Research in Education (6th Edition) (Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1989)

[2] Gall, M. D., Borg, W. R. and Gall, J. P, Educational Research: An Introduction (6th Edition) (White Plains,NY:Longman,1996)

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[10] Denzin, N. K. and Lincoln, Y. S, Qualitative Research 3rd Edition (London: Sage, 2005)

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Democratic and Authoritative Discourse Patterns on Students' Achievement in Biology in MUBI Educational Zone Of Adamawa State
Country	:	Nigeria.
Authors	:	Ugwuadu, O. R.
	:	10.9790/7388-0231823

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of the democratic and authoritative discourse patterns on students' achievement in biology in Mubi educational zone of Adamawa State. The design of the study was quasi-experimental of non equivalent comparative group design. Two research questions and one null hypothesis tested at 0.05 level of significance guided the study. The sample of the study was 170 SSII biology students sampled from two co-educational schools by random sampling technique by ballot system. One intact class of 90 students was randomly selected from five classes by ballot in one school and another one intact class of 80 students was also sampled from four classes in the other school. Ninety-two students were males while seventy-eight were females in the sample. The democratic discourse pattern was used in one school while the authoritative discourse pattern was used in the other, all chosen by ballot. The instrument for data collection was a Biology Achievement Test which was both face and content validated with a reliability coefficient of 0.72 established with Kuder-Richardson formula 20. Data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation and Z-test. Results reveal that there is significant difference in the mean achievement scores of students taught with democratic discourse pattern and those taught with authoritative discourse pattern in favour of those taught with democratic discourse pattern. Male and female students taught using the democratic discourse pattern performed better than male and female students taught with authoritative discourse pattern judging with their mean scores. The democratic discourse pattern enhanced students' achievement more than the authoritative discourse pattern. It was recommended among others that teachers should use the democratic discourse pattern in teaching biology and reduce the use of authoritative discourse pattern.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Promoting E- Governance Culture in Higher Education Institutions
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mr. Sanjeet Kumar Tiwari, Mr. Jubraj Khamari, Anjali Singh
	:	10.9790/7388-0232427

Abstract: Education is one of the most important factors in achieving the developmental goal of the country. It is the key to the national development. In India Education has seen massive growth in recent years. On one hand, this growth promises to produce more skilled individuals to fulfill needs of ever growing Indian economy and on the other hand it poses a huge challenge for the governing bodies like UGC, AICTE and others to maintain or improve the quality of education. E-Governance solution in the field of educational sector has changed the way administration, which is designed to make the system user-friendly, time saving and cost saving also. Many of them are flexible enough to adapt to the changing educational environment efficiently and quickly and effectively. It is an integrated solution in the education sector that facilitates the processing and maintenance of large volumes of information such as: registration, admission, student information, classes, time table, transport, attendance, library, salary, expenses, examinations, performance, grades, hostels, security, reports, management, transport, staff details and fees among various departments in a higher education institution

Keywords:- Higher Education Service System, Digitization, Electronic Books Management, E- Learning, Radio Frequency Identification..

[1] Satheesh, K.(2010), "Educational Management, leadership, Administration & School and Community‟ [online] Available form: http://sathitech.blogspot.com (Accessed 26-12-2011)
[2] Mishra, J. (2007), Mobile Learning: It‟s Implication in Education and Training, University News, Vol. 45(34), August 20-26, p. 15.
[3] The Times of India, (2011) "How e-governance will revitalise education sector‟ [online] Available form:http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06- 08/education/296336071 e-governance-education-sector-higher-education (Accessed 28-12-2011)
[4] Bhadauria, Mridula and Gore Rashmi (2004), Innovative Communication Techniques in Higher Education, University News, Vol. 42(29), July 19-25, pp. 5-8.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Elements of Multiple Intelligences in Teaching and Learning Activities and the Effect on Students' Achievement Based on Gender
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Ikhsan Othman
	:	10.9790/7388-0232832

Abstract: This research article discusses the study on the effect of integrating elements of multiple intelligences in teaching and learning activities on students' achievement based on gender. The participants in the study were from a selected Malaysia National Primary School comprised of 47 male and 55 female students. Intervention was done to the participants in the form of teaching and learning activities which integrate elements of multiple intelligences. The effect of the intervention was measured based on the students' achievement in acquiring knowledge of science and science process skills with KS Test and SPS Test respectively. Data were analyzed using MANCOVA with pretest data as covariate. Results of the study revealed that integrating elements of multiple intelligences in teaching and learning activities has significantly no gender bias ( = .960, at F(2, 97) = 2.041, p = .135) amongst students in acquiring the knowledge of science and acquiring science process skills. As a whole, the result of this study shows that teaching and learning activities which integrate elements of MI have a positive impact on upgrading students' achievement democratically and has no gender bias amongst student.

Keywords: Multiple intelligences; students' achievement; knowledge of science; science process skills; gender bias.

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[2] Armstrong, T. (1994). Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Virginia: Assoc. for Supervision & Curriculum Development.

[3] Blyte, T. & Gardner, H. (1990). A school for all. Educational Leadership Journal. page 33-37.

[4] Coakes, S.J. & Steed, L.G. (2003). SPSS: Analysis without anguish version 11.0 for windows. Singapore: John Willey & Sons.

[5] Fortner, S.G. (2004). Examining pedagogical practices through brain-based learning in multiple intelligences theory. Doctor of Education Disertation. Regent University

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Phishing: Educating the Internet users – a practical approach using email screen shots
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Lalitha Muniandy, Dr. Balakrishnan Muniandy
	:	10.9790/7388-0233341

Abstract: Phishing is an attack targeting human component in cyber security. It becomes a common phenomenon in recent years. The modern phishing attacks evolved to become more sophisticated and difficult to detect even by IT savvy users. Various techniques deployed in security awareness training to curb the phishing attacks with no avail. In this conceptual paper we propose a mandatory training or education programs for home users by using email screen shots.

Keywords- phishing, security, awareness, training, email screen shots

[1] Mann, I, Hacking the human – social engineering techniques and security countermeasures (England : Gower Publishing Limited, 2008).

[2] Schneier, B, Schneier on security. (Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Inc, 2008).

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[5] Schneier, B, Secrets and lies. (Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Inc, 2004).

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[7] Mitnik, D. K., & Simon, L.W, The art of intrusion – The real stories behind the exploits of hackers, intruders & deceivers. (Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing Inc., 2005).

[8] MosinHasan, NileshPrajapati, SafvanVohara, Case study on social engineering techniques for persuasion, International Journal on Applications of Graph Theory in wireless ad hoc networks (GRAPH-HOC), 2(2), 2010, 17-23.

[9] TusharVisheshSrivastava. (2007). Phishing and Pharming – The Deadly Duo.SansInstitute.Retrived April 20, 2013, from http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/privacy/phishing-pharming-evil twins_1731

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Transformational leadership in Government secondary schools in Zimbabwe with special reference to Bulawayo
Country	:	Zimbabwe
Authors	:	Lillie Beth Hadebe
	:	10.9790/7388-0234256

Abstract: The study sought to explore the extent to which transformational leadership could be applied in government secondary schools. The main aim was to establish how transformational leadership could boost productivity in government secondary schools. The study was carried out in government secondary schools in Bulawayo. Only schools' performance at O'level was used as a measure of academic performance of the schools. The sample was made up of 215 teachers drawn from Bulawayo secondary schools, 15 heads of schools, 5 District Officers and other key informants in the education system like BSPZ co-coordinators and the newly appointed secondary school inspectors. Also included in the sample were the Provincial Director, two Deputy Provincial Directors, and Education Officers; Examinations and Planning. Document analysis, observation, questionnaire, interviews and focus group discussions were used to collect data under the following themes; transformational leadership and transactional leadership, transformational leadership and the concepts of change, motivation, organizational culture and performance. All the respondents believed that heads of schools could use transformational leadership to create competitive advantage and uniqueness of schools, yet the issue of how policy could be successfully woven into heads' plans remained debatable. The study recommended that schools as business organizations needed leaders who clearly understood their role in the school production process

Key Terms; transformational leadership, leadership, management.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Five Examples of Manipulative-Motoric Tasks Utilized For Classwork asan Interactive-Multimedia and Animated Learning Software
Country	:	Serbia
Authors	:	Slavoljub Hilčenko
	:	10.9790/7388-0235762

Abstract: The ground basis for this paper is Mayer's model of cognitive multimedia learning theory. Namely, the largest number of learning programs establishes its contact with users only on perceptional modality anent audio and visual communication. However, there is a wide spread acknowledgement that ascertainment draws its grounds from sensomotorics and presents the precondition for regular emotional and social development of children. Therefore the objective of this article is to present five tasks extracted from the ensemble of knowledge purposed for elementary school pupils that equally pays attention onto development of intellectual capabilities and manipulative-motor competences of pupils, as well. Thus, we widen the basis of educational software learning by practical operations(principle of obviousness) that makes this learning model more valuable and purposeful. Essentially it includes complementing Mayer's model by motor learning-manipulation with didactic material, gaining experiences and motor habitudes via proprioceptors of arm and leg muscles and joints. The basic model of multimedia learning is broaden by manipulative-motor learning, manipulation and game that appear ''inside and outside'' of multimedia presentation.

Keywords: instructional design, model of cognitive theory of multimedia learning,manipulative-motor learning, school work, learning and playing ''inside and outside'' of multimedia presentation..

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