iosr-JRME   Volume-2 ~ Issue-4

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A study on the Influence and Impact of Advertising to Consumer Purchase Motive among student teachers
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sindhya V.
	:	10.9790/7388-0240105

Abstract: The study aims to investigate and evaluate the impact of advertising on the consumer preferences and loyalty in regards to the product/service promotion of different products among student teachers of Kerala. This study is significant in promoting advertising awareness among the future citizens through teachers of tomorrow. Survey method was used for the study which is supported by interview on a sample of 200 student teachers selected from two colleges in rural and urban based. The study reveals that the level of awareness of the effect of advertisement is comparatively better than expected among the student teachers. Many of them are active listeners of the media for gathering information regarding the new products, trend in the market and make a comparison with the products of other firms. The consumer culture is more prevalent in rural students than in urban students. Majority of female students are interested in cosmetics and jewellery while the male students are more concerned with automobiles and electronic equipments.

Key words: Consumer preferences, Purchase motive, Loyalty, Advertising awareness.

[1]. Belch . E. (2001). Advertising and Promotion An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. McGraw-Hill Book Company Sydney.
[2]. Lee, M. & Johnson, C. (1999). Principles of Advertising: A Global Perspective. The Haworth Press, Inc. New York.
[3]. Arens, F.W. (2002). Contemporary Advertising (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Book Company New York.
[4]. Wells, W., Burnett, J. & Moriarty. (2000). Advertising: Principles and Practice (5th ed.) Prentice Hall International, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.
[5]. Jack, E (1980). Advertising: The Process and Practice. McGraw-Hill Book Company Sydney.
[6]. Sawyer, L. (2004). Future rests with best of best. Advertising Age, 75(19), 26-27

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of Teacher Training Institute in 21st Century
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Yashumati Jamwal
	:	10.9790/7388-0240610

Abstract: This paper presentation is related with Teacher's Training Institutes .As this is a noble profession changing scenario has brought change in this field .Gone were the days when stress was laid upon academic development of the child .Now-a-days more emphasis is being laid down on overall development of the learner .Who is responsible for brining modification in the behavior of the learner? Answer is simple'Teacher'. Apart numerous other factors are responsible for bringing change .If a trainer is capable enough to produce an effective, honest and co memorable teacher means something has been initiated in this direction .So the job of the teacher is to bring out the hidden gem like potentialities in pupils and to make all possible efforts to ensure that the tender plants i.e. students don't waste their energies in unattractive and uncongenial environment. Teaching is not just limited to classroom a teacher trainer has to train teachers who can really do wonders during academic development of their career .Is Only teacher responsible of making teachers like Dr Radhakrishnan and many others. A trainer needs lot other things and situations for setting examples apart from his will .The CTET conducted in 2012 has send an awakening call among teaching fraternity has placed a challenge before the training institutions and question about quality of poor production which will definitely bring disastrous results for the nation. Many commissions have been setup to improve education system in India .Higher education acts as fertile ground for experimenting new ideas and techniques and inculcating values .Certain factors are behind degrading standards of teacher training institutions. Here introspection as teacher educator and responsibility of teacher training institution needs to be recognized and identified .This research paper contains suggestions for brining improvement in B.ed syllabus and education of teacher training institutions.

Keywords: Agencies , curriculum programme, CTET ,Students ,teacher educator, Training institutions.

[1]. Essentials of Educational Psychology: J.C Aggarwal
[2]. A Textbook on child Development: Rajjamal P.Devdas ,N. Jaya
[3]. Modern Indian Education (Policies, Progess and Problems):C.P.S
Newspaper:
[4]. The Times of India New Teacher's Education Framework release.
Websites:
[5]. www.ncte-india.org
[6]. www.hindu.com

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	History of Automobile Past and Present Challenges Facing Automobile Production in Nigeria
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Mr. Ohwojero Chamberlain, Prof. E. C. Ede.
	:	10.9790/7388-0241116

Abstract: The history of automobile in Nigeria started long before the country had her independence in 1960 between 1970 to 1980 . The Federal government in partnership with automobile company investors from the western world entered into agreement by spelling out mode of operation in terms of policy implementation and also assisting the country on technological advancement. The agreement made Federal government, to allow the establishment of six main Automobile plants, namely Peugeot Automobile Nigeria Limited (PAN), Volkswagen of Nigeria Limited (vwon), Anambra Motor Manufacturing Limited (ANAMMCO), steyr Nigeria Limited, National Truck Manufacturing (NTM) and leyland Nigeria Limited Ibadan (LNL). Past and present history of Automobile was discussed, having in mind some of the challenges that has befall most Automobile industries in Nigeria. Based on the challenges discussed, findings were made for the purpose of finding solutions to the challenges that is facing automobile industries in the country. Based on the findings discussed, recommendations were made, that government should review policy establishing Automobile industries in the country, government should articulate all the problems facing Automobile industries in Nigeria etc.

Key words: Introduction, past history of Automobile 17th -18th century ,present history of Automobile 18th – 19th century, challenges facing Automobile industries in Nigeria, production graph of (PAN), discussion of findings, recomedations,conclusion, references..

[1]. Abati. R. (2009), Pan and A Troubled Automotive Industry http://nigeriavillagesquare.com
[2]. Adamson J. F (1959), Engineering History of the Rambler and the Small Car Picture Today. Society of Automotive Engineers P.5
[3]. Aganga (2013); New Auto Policy is Ready. The punch Nigeria. http://www.punchng.com/business/industry
[4]. Akaigwe . M. (2010) Auto industry @ 50, so far so bad.
[5]. Bisiriyu R. (2012). New auto policy is ready http://www.punchng.com
[6]. Buchana C.D. (1958). Mixed Blessing: The Motor in Britain Leonard Hill. Eckermann E. (2001) World History of the Automobile, S.A.E press p.14
[7]. Georgano G.N (1985) Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886-1930. London Grange-Universal ISBN 1-59084-49, 1-2.
[8]. Kearny M. Randy R (2006) Canada's first automobile full steam ahead ISBN 9781550026542.
[9]. Okuhit (2011), Sweet New Cars, Huge Maintenance Cost.
[10]. Setright L.J.K. (2004). Drive on: A social History of the Automobile origin to 1900 Herge.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Readability and Health Communication: An Analysis of the Readability of Commonly Used Malaria Drugs Information Leaflets in Cape Coast, Ghana.
Country	:	Ghana
Authors	:	William Kodom Gyasi
	:	10.9790/7388-0241725

Abstract: This study conducted in-depth analysis of the readability of commonly used malaria medicine information leaflets in Cape Coast, Ghana. Seven leaflets of malaria medicines that are very popular in Cape Coast, Ghana were analyzed using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease and Gunning Fog readability indexes. These leaflets were also examined based on the legibility of print, type of paper and bilingual information. Data collected from the two indexes revealed that all the leaflets are very difficult to read. Values ranged from 10.4 to 38 for the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease indicating that the leaflets are very difficult to comprehend and that one needs university education to comprehend them.14.2 to 18.8 were recorded for the Gunning Fog index also indicating that the leaflets are very difficult and that in some cases are even not readable for people with university education. The mean value for the readability consensus for the two readability indexes was 21.04. The implication is that in terms of the Gunning Fog index, the leaflets are very difficult to comprehend and that they were written far above the reading comprehension level for university graduates. Also, in the case of the flesch reading ease regarding the readability consensus of the two indexes, the leaflets are very difficult to comprehend in terms of level of reading difficulty but match the appropriate reading level of the university graduate. The findings of the study also revealed that 5 leaflets (71.4%) had a font type size <10 and none (0%) was produced in any of the major languages in Ghana apart from English and French. Conclusively, the study discovered that malaria medicine information leaflets available in drug stores and hospitals in Cape Coast, Ghana are not readable to the majority of the population. The significance of rendering the valuable information contained in those leaflets comprehensible to consumers is life and death matter. Hence, pharmaceutical companies in Ghana are encouraged by the researcher to produce readable medicine information leaflets so that their intended purpose can be achieved.

Keywords: Malaria, Medicine information leaflets, Readability, Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease, Gunning Fog.

[1]. Akapule, S. A., (2011). Malaria Bites into Economic Development, Ghana News Agency.
[2]. Akosah, K. (2007) Fighting Malaria in Ghana. International Society for Individual Liberty, http://www.isil.org/resources/fnn/2007june/malaria-ghana.html. Retrieved April 9, 2013.
[3]. Auta, A., Shalkur, D., Banwat, S. B. & Dayom, D. W. (2011) Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10 (5): 631-635.
[4]. Bernard, I., Sparks I. I. (1993) Readability of ophthalmic literature. Optometric Vision Science, 70(2): 127-130.
[5]. Bradley, B., Singleton, M., Po, ALW. (1994). Readability of patient information leaflets on over- the-counter (OTC) medicines. J Clin Pharm Ther., 19: 7–15.
[6]. Buabeng, K. O., Duwiejua, M., Dodoo, A. N., Matowe, L. K. &Enlund, H (2007). Self – reported use of anti-malaria drug and health facility management of malaria in Ghana. Malaria Journal 6:85 doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-6-85
[7]. Buck, M. L. (1998) Providing patients with written medication information. Ann Pharmacother., 1998; 32:962-969.
[8]. Chubaty, A., Sadowski, C. A., Carrie, A. G. (2009) Typeface legibility of patient information leaflets intended for community-dwelling seniors. Age Ageing, 38(4): 441-447.
[9]. Deiterich, A. (2013) Types of Glossy Papers. eHow.com. http://www.ehow.com/ about_5368935_types-glossy-paper.htm
[10]. Ghana Health Services Report (2009). Manual for health care workers nationwide in connection with malaria treatment www.ghanahealthservice.org/.../TRAINING%20MANUAL%20FOR%20 Hf.pdf. Retrieved March 13, 2013.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Parental Attitude towards Supported Competitive Employment for Their Hearing Impaired Children
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sreeja S.
	:	10.9790/7388-0242631

Abstract: The efforts to make every disabled persons independent, economically through programme of education, habilitation and rehabilitation was recognized. Supported competitive employment is a vocational alternative which would improve the quality of the life of hearing impaired person. The present investigation is meant to assess parental attitude towards supported competitive employment for their hearing impaired children. Survey method was adopted for the conduct of the study. The sample consisted of 120 parents selected from eight revenue districts of Kerala, viz – Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Kottayam, Ernakulam, Thrissur, Pathanamthitta, Idukki and Kozhikode. The sample was selected using random sampling technique. The selected sample represented almost all the sections prevailing in the society.

[1]. Anju, Sikk. et al. (1990). Improving and expanding social interaction skills in supported employment settings. U.S. Mississippi.
[2]. Egelston, Doddy. (1988). Vocational Rehabilitation Training. Council of state administrators of vocational rehabilitation, Washington.
[3]. Sadoski. (1978). Library training institute for service to the deaf. California State University.
[4]. Kay, H., Lam. (1994). Young deaf adults and the transition from high school to post secondary careers. Gallaudet research institute, Washington.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	From Objectivism to Constructivism: The Effect of a Multimedia Constructivist Learning Environment on Form Four Students' Achievement in Science & Its Impact on Computer Usage in Learning
Country	:	Malaysia
Authors	:	Mohd Zahir Shokut Ali
	:	10.9790/7388-0243251

Abstract: This study is conducted to examine the effects of a multimedia constructivist environment on Form Four students' achievement in the learning of "Microorganism and Their Effects on Living Things". The Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) was developed and is compared with the Ministry of Education courseware, Objectivist Learning Environment (OLE) .The purpose of the following study also to examine the impact of CLE vs. OLE use of computer for students. Both on-task (note taking, academic activities) and off-task (email, instant messaging, games, movies) behaviours were examined by surveying students. The CLE was assigned to 34 students whereas the OLE was assigned to 32 students. The independent variables were the multimedia approaches, i.e. the CLE and the OLE, whereas the dependent variable was the students' achievement (postest) and survey results on computer usage. Gender was selected as the moderator variables.

Key words: Alessi and Trollip (2001), Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE), Jonassen (1999), Objectivist Learning Environment (OLE),

[1] Alessi, S.M., &Trollip, S.R. (2001).Multimedia for learning: Methods and development (3rded.). Boston, MA: Allyn& Bacon.
[2] Aviram A, Eshet-Alkalai Y (2006). Towards a Theory of Digital Literacy: Three Scenarios for the Next Steps. Eur. J. Open, Distance and ELearning, Retrieved May 11, 2007, from http://www.eurodl.org/

[3] Barron, A.E., &Orwig, G.W. (1995).Multimedia technologies for training. Libraries Unlimited Inc. Englewood, CO

[4] Barak, M., Lipson, A., &Lerman, S. (2006). Wireless laptops as means for promoting active learning in large lecture halls.Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(3), 245-263.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Edges Enhancement of Medical Color Images Using Add Images
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Dr. Ziad M. Abood
	:	10.9790/7388-0245260

Abstract: It is important; medical images to be clear, because it will be built upon diagnosis of the patient's condition, and the degree of illness, and its appropriate treatment. The aim of present study is clarify the edges of color medical images by increasing the thickness to get rid of soft edges and some areas that do not appear when the edge is selected. It Method was used to add images by Matlab2012a program, finding the edge of medical images, and then add the resulting images to the original images, therefore, be fully match their home being with the same characteristics of size, features and more importantly, matching sites pixellike. This proposed method can the application of all types of medical images (MRI, CT, CAT, PAT,..) color and gray, with any size and any member of human's body. Results gave high accuracy with the output images, if clarity and showed an increase in the thickness of the edges of the output images. Keywords: Medical Image Enhancement, Edges Detection, Add Images, Matlab.

[1] Mallat, S. G., "Multifrequency channel decompositions of image and wavelet models", IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process.vol. 37, no.12, pp. 2091–2110, 1989.

[2] Muna F. Al-Samaraie. Nedhal Abdul Majied Al Saiyd, "Medical Colored Image Enhancement Using Wavelet Transform Followed By Image Sharpening",vol. 6 No. 5, Ubiquitous Computing and Communication Journal, www.ubicc.org.
[3] Hajj, Hazern M.Nguyen, Truong Quang; Chin, Roland T. Multiscale edge detection for medical image enhancement, vol. 3, pp. 1115-1116, Conference Publications, IEEE, by ISVL,1996.
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[5] Tarek A. Mahmoud, Stephen Marshall, Medical Image Enhancement Using Threshold Decomposition Driven Adaptive Morphological Filter, 16th European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO 2008), Lausanne, Switzerland, August 25-29, 2008.

[6] Zhao Yu-qian, Gui Wei-hua, Chen Zhen-cheng, Tang Jing-tian, Li Ling-yun, Medical Images Edge Detection Based on Mathematical Morphology, Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 27th Annual Conference Shanghai, China, September 1-4, 2005.

[7] B. Lakshmi, G. Lingaiah, S. S. Madhavi, "An enhanced Approach for Medical edge Image enhancement using genetic algorithm", International Journal of Computer Science and technology y, ISSN : 0976-8491 (Online), ISSN: 2229-4333 (Print), IJCST, vol. 3, I 1, 2012,

[8] Gonzalez, R. C. and Woods, R. E. Digital Image Processing. (2nded). Addison-Wesley Longman Publishing Co., Inc. 2001.

[9] He, Huiguang; Tian, Jie; Zhao, Mingchang; Xue, Jian; Lu, Ke, "3D Medical Imaging Computation and Analysis Platform", IEEE International Conference on Industrial, vol. 6 No. 5, p. 8, Technology ICIT, Dec. 2006.

[10] LathaParthiban; R. Subramanian, "Medical Image Denoising using X-lets", Annual India Conference, vol., Iss., pp. 1-6, Sept. 2006.