Volume-12 ~ Issue-1 ~ January-2019

Abstract: Group III-nitride semiconductor materials especially AlGaN are key-emerging candidates for the advancement of ultraviolet (UV) photonic devices. Numerous nanophotonics approaches using nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanorods, and quantum dots/disks) and nanofabrication (e.g., substrate patterning, photonic crystals, nanogratings, and surface-plasmons) have been demonstrated to address the material growth challenges and to enhance the device efficiencies of photonic devices operating at UV wavelengths. Here, we review the progress of nanophotonics implementations using nanostructured interfaces and nanofabrication approaches for the group III-nitride semiconductors to realize efficient UV-based photonic devices. The existing challenges of nanophotonics applications are presented. This review aims to provide analysis of state-of-the-art nanophotonic approaches in advancing the UV-photonic devices based on group III-nitride semiconductors.

[1]. Hewakuruppu, Y., et al., Plasmonic " pump – probe " method to study semi-transparent nanofluids Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine., Applied Optics, 52(24):6041-6050

[2]. Assefa, Solomon; Xia, Fengnian; Vlasov, Yurii A. (2010). "Reinventing germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects". Nature. 464 (7285): 80–4. Bibcode:2010Natur.464...80A. doi:10.1038/nature08813. PMID 20203606.

[3]. Jump up to:a b "Research Discovery By Ethiopian Scientist At IBM at Tadias Magazine". Tadias.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.

[4]. "Avalanche photodetector breaks speed record". physicsworld.com. Retrieved 2010-03-15.

[5]. Themistoklis P. H. Sidiropoulos, Robert Röder, Sebastian Geburt, Ortwin Hess, Stefan A. Maier, Carsten Ronning, Rupert F. Oulton (2014). "Ultrafast plasmonic nanowire lasers near the surface plasmon frequency". Nature Physics. 10: 870–876. Bibcode:2014NatPh..10..870S. doi:10.1038/nphys3103. Press release Archived December 25, 2016, at the Wayback Machine.

Abstract:Hydroxyamide Hydrochloride was prepared by condensation of N (4- Fluoro) benzamidoyl chloride and N- phenyl hydroxylamine at 00-50C in ether medium. White crystals of N-HydroxyN- phenyl benzamidine hydrochloride were separated. They were separated and recrystallized from absolute alcohol. The newly synthesized reagent was characterised on the basis of melting point, elemental analysis and ultra violet spectra. The molecular formula C19H16 N2OFCl is confirmed from elemental analysis data. The ultra violet absorption spectra of hydroxyamidine in ethanol show three distinct absorption band attributed to π-π* transitions. The band observed around 207nm has been assigned as local excitation band of phenyl chromophore and the other two bands around 250-260 nm and 300-322 nm have been assigned as electron transfer band. Electron transfer band are sensitive to substitution in the aromatic system of compound.

[1]. I. M. Koltoff, E.B. Sandell Text book of Quantative inorganic analysis, 3rd ed, The Mac, Milan co New york (1952)
[2]. K.L. Cheng, K. Ueno and T. Imar, ttand book of organic analytical reagents C.R.C. press, RatanFloziela (1952).
[3]. D.D. Perrin organic complexing reagents, Interscience, New york (1964)
[4]. F.J. welcter, organic analytical reagents vol. 1-4 D. Von nostrand Co. New York (1947-48)
[5]. H.M. Irving and R.J.P. Williums Analyst 77 813 (1952).

Abstract:Group III-nitride semiconductor materials especially AlGaN are key-emerging candidates for the advancement of ultraviolet (UV) photonic devices. Numerous nanophotonics approaches using nanostructures (e.g., nanowires, nanorods, and quantum dots/disks) and nanofabrication (e.g., substrate patterning, photonic crystals, nanogratings, and surface-plasmons) have been demonstrated to address the material growth challenges and to enhance the device efficiencies of photonic devices operating at UV wavelengths. Here, we review the progress of nanophotonics implementations using nanostructured interfaces and nanofabrication approaches for the group III-nitride semiconductors to realize efficient UV-based photonic devices. The existing challenges of nanophotonics applications are presented. This review aims to provide analysis of state-of-the-art nanophotonic approaches in advancing the UV-photonic devices based on group III-nitride semiconductors........

Keywords: Saudi Arabia, Hail region, groundwater, agricultural soil, trace elements.

[1]. Al-Barakah F., Al-jassas A., Aly A. (2017): Water quality assessment and hydrochemical characterization of Zamzam groundwater, Saudi Arabia. Applied Water Science, 7, 3985-3996.
[2]. Ambiga N. (2017): Analysis of Elements and Foods for the Human Body and Avoiding the Unnecessary Diseasesusing Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (Food Advisor). IOSR Journal Of Computer Engineering, 19, 57-67.
[3]. WHO (World Health Organization) (2011) Guidelines for drinkingwater quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization, Geneva
[4]. Bhattacharya P., Misra S., Hussain M. (2016): Nutritional Aspects of Essential Trace Elements in Oral Health and Disease: An Extensive Review. Scientifica, 2016, 1-12.
[5]. Abdel-Satar A., Al-Khabbas M., Alahmad W., Yousef W., Alsomadi R. and Iqbal T. (2017): Quality assessment of groundwater and
agricultural soil in Hail region, Saudi Arabia. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 43, 55-64..

Abstract: Some thermoplastics polymers like polyethylene, Nylon-6, Nylon-6,6, Nylon-6,10 and polyurea are taken to know the influence of H- b-Bonding between the polymer chains on its physical properties. It was found that more the H-Bonding between the polymer chains,their physical properties like tensile strength and crystallization melting temperature(TM) will be more and more.

Keywords: H-Bonding, tensile strength, Schweitzer's reagents, crystallization temperature, softening temperature ,commercial application

[1]. D. Kumar;Ph.D. Thesis (1984) , study of crystallization of polymers, study of crystallization of polymers , Patna University, Patna , India. Journal Papers:-
[2]. R.F. Boyer, the relation of the transition temperatures to chemical structures in high polymers , Rubber chem. And tech;36,1303(2014)
[3]. P.Mears , polymers: str. And bulk properties, Princeton , N.J.: D.RUN nostrand,42,1205(2016)
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[4]. L. Mandelkern ers, crystallization of polymers, New York : Mc Graw Hill Book company(1964)
[5]. P.W.Allen(ed), Techniques of polymer charecterisation,(1959)..

Abstract: The title complex, {[Ni(hab)]K[(hab)Ni]}·SCN (H2hab is bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-1,2-diaminobenzene) crystallizes in the Monoclinic space group P21/c with unit cell dimensions a = 11.5891 (13) Å, b = 17.307 (2) Å, c = 19.781 (2) Å,β = 92.368 (10)°, V = 3964.2 (8) Å3, Z = 4, R1 = 0.106 and wR2 = 0.305. The NiII cation is in a N2O2 inner and has a distorted square-planar coordination environment. The NiII cation is linked by two imino nitrogen atoms and two bridged phenolate oxygen atoms. The potassium cation is octacoordinated in O8 donor site and linked by four bridged phenolate oxygen atoms and four methoxy oxygen atoms. In the crystal, the {[Ni(hab)]K[(hab)Ni]}+ cations form layers parallel to the ab plane. The SCN- anions are located in the interlayer space and connect the layers via C—H…N and C—H…S hydrogen bonds, forming three dimensional network.

[1]. M. Minelli, W. Hart-Cooper, J.G. Sinnwell, D.T. Blumberg, I.A. Guzei, L.C. Spencer, J.P.S. Vázquez, A.S. Peralta, M.S. Torres, Synthesis, structure, and characterization of molybdenum(VI) imido complexes with N-salicylidene-2-aminothiophenol, Polyhedron, 146, 2018, 26–34.
[2]. A.K. Maji, A. Chatterjee, S. Khan, B.K. Ghosh, R. Ghosh, Synthesis, crystal structure, catecholase and phenoxazinone synthase activities of a mononuclear cobalt(III) complex containing in situ formed tridentate N-donor Schiff base, J. Mol. Struct. 1146, 2017, 821–827.
[3]. G.-M. Yu, L. Zhao, Y.-N. Guo, G.-F. Xu, L.-F. Zou, J. Tang. Y.-H. Li, Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of di- and tetranuclear manganese complexes derived from a 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde benzoylhydrazide ligand, J. Mol. Struct., 982, 2010, 139–144.
[4]. A. Bhattacharyya, S. Sen, K. Harms, S. Chattopadhyay, Formation of three photoluminescent zinc(II) complexes with Zn2O2 cores: Examples of bi-dentate bonding modes of potentially tri- and tetra-dentate Schiff bases, Polyhedron, 88, 2015,156–163.
[5]. N. Hari, A. Jana, S. Mohanta, Syntheses, crystal structures and ESI-MS of mononuclear–dinuclear, trinuclear and dinuclear based one-dimensional copper(II)–s block metal ion complexes derived from a 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde–diamine ligand, Inorg. Chim. Acta, 467, 2017, 11–20..

Abstract: L-histidine doped potassiumdihydrogen phosphate (LHKDP) single crystals are grown by slow evaporation technique method. The addition of amino acid to KDP influences the characterization of pure KDP crystals. There is a slight modification in the linear and nonlinear property ,mechanical hardness, SHG of pure KDP. The unit cell parameters and cell volume are determined with single crystal X-ray diffractometer.SHG studies shows and slight decrease in the NLO property due to doping. As the Load increases the Hardness also increases for LHKDP crystals.The Laser damage threshold value is slightly higher for LHKDP crystals whne compared to pure KDP.TGA anf DSC graphs of the samples are also taken.

Keywords: Single crystal XRD, FTIR, Optical property, SHG efficiency

[1]. G.Madurambal, M.Mariyappan,S.Monojumdar, J.Therm.Anal. Calorim, 100,853(2010).
[2]. S.Dhanuskodi, P.A. Angeli Mary, Jr.Cryst. Growthj 253(2003) pp.424-428.
[3]. D.S. Chemla and J. Zyss, Nonlinear optical properties of organic molecule and crystals, Vol.1 and Vol.II Academic press, New York,(1987).
[4]. P.N. Prasad, D.J.Williams, Introduction to Non-linear Optical effects in Molecules and Polymers, Wiley – Interscience, New York(1991).
[5]. R.Rajasekaran, P.M. Ushashree, P.Jayavel, J.Ramasamy, J.Cryst. Growth 229,563(2001).

Abstract: The density and acoustical properties such as ultrasonic velocity adiabatic compressibility (𝛽s), apparent molal volume (v), apparent molal compressibility (K), intermolecular free length (Lf), of sucrose in aqueous medium and non aqueous medium (5%,10% ethanol-water ) have been measured and from measured ultrasonic velocities (U) and densities () of the sucrose solutions of concentrations 0.1-0.9 M at 303.15 k. The changes in acoustical properties with enhancing percentage of ethanol have been employed to know the variation in molecular interactions between water, ethanol and sucrose and to understand the structure making and breaking property of sucrose in aqueous and non aqueous medium of different concentration.

Keywords: ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, apparent molal volume, apparent molal compressibility,

[1]. A. Ali, and A.K.Nain, Thermochimica,Acta, 274(1996)209-221.
[2]. R. Palani, G. Srinivasan & B.Geeta Lakshmi, International J. of chem. tech Research.3 (2011)284-289.
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Abstract: The coupling reaction of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthroline (tphen) with silver salt as oxidative coupling agent is investigated, which can afford a new heterocyclic compound, namely 6,6'-bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthroline) (1). The accurate structures of compound 1 are confirmed and investigated by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The result proves that the coupling reaction of tphen mainly affords its C6-coupling product. Crystal data of 1: Monoclinic, space group C2/c, a = 25.745(8) Å, b = 6.706(2) Å, c = 10.834(4) Å, β = 90º, Z = 4, V = 1870.3(11) Å3.

Keywords: 6,6'-bis(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthroline), 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,10-phenanthroline, silver salt, coupling reaction

[1] M Ozaki, Y. Adachi, Y. Iwahori, and N. Ishii, Application of fuzzy theory to writer recognition of Chinese characters, International Journal of Modelling and Simulation, 18(2), 1998, 112-116. (8) Note that the journal title, volume number and issue number are set in italics. Books:
[2] R.E. Moore, Interval analysis (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966). (8) Note that the title of the book is in lower case letters and italicized. There is no comma following the title. Place of publication and publisher are given. Chapters in Books:
[3] P.O. Bishop, Neurophysiology of binocular vision, in J.Houseman (Ed.), Handbook of physiology, 4 (New York: Springer-Verlag, 1970) 342-366. (8) Note that the place of publication, publisher, and year of publication are enclosed in brackets. Editor of book is listed before book title. Theses:
[4] D.S. Chan, Theory and implementation of multidimensional discrete systems for signal processing, doctoral diss., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1978. (8) Note that thesis title is set in italics and the university that granted the degree is listed along with location information Proceedings Papers:
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Abstract: The increasing use of renewable fuels in transportation is a prime environmental target so much forthe European member states, as much for the rest of the world, in order to reduce the dependency on fossil oil, as well as the pollutant emissions.Renewable biofuels, such as Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) and Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (Biodiesel) are promising substitutes of conventional diesel fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines. In this study the physicochemical properties of biodiesel from used cooking oils and HVO were examined, when blended in different concentrations with an ultra-low-sulfur diesel. Four blends for each biofuel (up to 40% v/v) were evaluated according to EN 590. The effects of the biofuels and the eight mixtures on engine performance and exhaust emissions............

Keywords: Biodiesel, HVO, paraffinic diesel, exhaust emissions

[1]. ACEA Statistics,European Automobile Manufacturers Association, "Passenger car fleet by fuel type,"2018 [Online]. Available: https://www.acea.be/.
[2]. E. G. Giakoumis, C. D. Rakopoulos, and D. C. Rakopoulos, "Assessment of NOx emissions during transient diesel engine operation with biodiesel blends," J. Energy Eng., vol. 140, no. 3, pp. 256–269, 2013.
[3]. M. Lapuerta and et al, "Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions," Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 198–223, 2008.
[4]. P. D. Patil and S. Deng, "Optimization of biodiesel production from edible and non-edible vegetable oils," Fuel, vol. 88, no. 7, pp. 1302–1306, 2009.
[5]. J. Sun, J. A. Caton, and T. J. Jacobs, "Oxides of nitrogen emissions from biodiesel-fuelled diesel engines," Prog. Energy Combust. Sci., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 677–695, 2010.

Abstract: Low concentration of elements such as iron, nickel, copper, manganese, zinc etc. which is considered as nutrients. These nutrients play an important role for growing the living beings especially animals and plants. But when the concentrations of these elements are exceeded the tolerable range then these is considered as heavy metals. Cosmetic is common things that is use both male and female in modern civilization. Body lotion is one of the essential item of cosmetic which may be contaminated with heavy metals either adulteration by hazardous chemicals or occur from the source of raw materials. The running experiments have been accomplished with the determination of the concentrations of heavy metals viz. aluminium (Al), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni), Copper..........

Keywords: Heavy metals, Body lotion, Bangladesh, Local Market.

[1]. Glanze WD. Mosby Medical Encyclopedia, Revised Edition. St. Louis MO, CV Mosby, Missouri, USA, 1996.
[2]. Reem Th. Hussain, Manal Kh. Ebraheem, Hanady M. Moker. Assessment of Heavy Metals (Cd, Pb and Zn) Contents in Livers of Chicken Available in the Local Markets of Basrah City, Iraq. Bas. J. Vet. Res. 11 (1), 43-51, 2012.
[3]. Manal A. M. Mahmoud, Hosnia S. and Abdel-Mohsein. Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals for Egyptian Populationvia Consumption of Poultry Edibles. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 3(1): 58-70, January, 2015.
[4]. Oana-Mărgărita Ghimpeteanu, Krishna Das, Manuella Militaru, and Marie Louise Scippo. Assessment of Heavy Metals and Mineral Nutrients in Poultry Liver using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Direct Mercury Analyzer (DMA). Bulletin UASMV, Veterinary Medicine, 69 (1-2), Print ISSN 1843-5262; Electronic ISSN 1843-5378, 258-266, 2012.
[5]. Ullah H, Noreen S, Ali Rehman F, and Waseem A, Zubai S,. Comparative study of heavy metals content in cosmetic products of different countries marketed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Arabian J Chem 10: 10-18, 2017..

Abstract: The complete computational study of the Sulfanilamide, Sulfathiazole, E7070 and Furosemide 1-4 was performed by DFT method with the B3LYP functional and 6-31G (d,p) basis set using Gaussian 09 program. The optimized molecular structure and their parameters such as bond lengths, bond angles and dihedral angles are computed by DFT method. The molecular electrostatic potential mapped onto total density surface has been interpreted.The frontier molecular orbitals analysis shows that the lower energy gap of the molecule, gives the charge transfer process in the molecular system. The global reactivity descriptors that could help to understand the chemical reactivity of the compounds are also predicted. The computation of the Mulliken atomic charges allows schematizing a Mulliken's plot and interpreted it.The change in electron density (ED) in the 𝜎 *and π* anti-bonding orbital's and stabilization energies E(2) have been calculated by Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis............

Keywords: sulfamide; density functional theory; computational chemistry; quantum chemical calculations

[1]. J.E.Renew,C.H.Huang.Simultaneousdeterminationoffluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics in wastewater using tandem solid phase extraction andliquidchromatography-electrospraymassspectrometry.J. Chromatogr. A. 1042(2004) 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2004.05.056
[2]. P.Sukul, M.Spiteller.Sulfonamidesintheenvironmentasveterinarydrugs, Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology.187 (2006)67-101.
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[4]. B.A.Hemstreet, R.L.Page.Potentially Cross‐Reactive Drugs in Hospitalized Patients. Pharmacotherapy.26 (2006) 551.https://doi.org/10.1592/phco.26.4.551
[5]. A.K.Sarmah, M.T.Meyer, A.B.A.Boxall.A global perspective on the use, sales, exposure pathways, occurrence, fate and effects of veterinary antibiotics (VAs) in the environment. Chemosphere.65 (2006)725-759.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.026.

Abstract: For the development and designing of new compounds of biological significance there are several stages viz; preparation of new compounds by synthesis, its proper characterization and identifications by chemical and spectral methods, its acute toxicity test, its radiochemical and biochemical studies, its evaluations for a particular symptom on experimental animals and finally its chemical trial. To produce its characteristic effects a drug must be present in appropriate concentrations at its site of action. The concentration attained also depends upon the rate of its absorption, distribution, binding or localizations in tissues, biotransformation and excretion. It is of practical importance to know the manner in which the drugs are absorbed. Often there is a choice of the route by which therapeutic agent may be given and a knowledge of advantage and disadvantages of different route of administration.......

Keywords: Quinoline Derivatives, biological activities, synthesis,

[1]. Bowden, K., Electronic Effects in Drugs in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry, 4, 205-239 (1990).
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Abstract: In recent years, chemical modification of natural macromolecules has received considerable attention. Polysaccharides of marine origin are unique raw materials as they are abundant in nature, widely available in many countries, inexpensive, renewable resources, stable, hydrophilic and modifiable biopolymers. They offer tremendous potential for development of alternate materials (Chauhan et al., 2002; Okieimen, 2003; Sanghi et al., 2002; Singh et al., 2004a; Singh et al., 2004b). Grafting techniques have been widely used to prepare materials especially involving systems in which polysaccharides are used as substrate polymers (Gao et al., 1994; Singh et al., 2004a, 2004b). In recent times microwave

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Abstract: The stability constants of binary and ternary chelates of Iminodiacetic acid (IMDA) and 3,5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (3,5-DNSA) with lanthanide (III) (Ln=La (III), Ce (III), Pr (III), Nd (III), Sm (III), Gd (III), Dy (III), Er (III) and Yb (III) ) have been evaluated pH-metrically, using Ramamoorthy and Santapa method in aqueous solutions at temp 30.0 ± 0.5 °C in an ionic strength μ=0.10 M KNO3 The binary formation constants of metal chelates of lanthanides with these ligands have been determined individually and ternary formation constants have also been reported in which Iminodiacetic acid (IMDA) acts as primary ligand whereas, 3,5- dinitrosalicylic acid (3,5-DNSA) as a secondary ligand. Stability Constants are discussed in terms of basicity of ligand, statistical and stereochemical phenomenon. Thermodynamics parameter like change in free energy (ΔG) have also been evaluated and discussed.

Keywords: Stability constant, Lanthanides, Thermodynamics, Basicity, Ligand

[1]. Ramamoorthy, S. and Santappa, M.; Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1971, 1775.
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