Volume-12 ~ Issue-5 ~ May-2019

Abstract: Two isomers of Mogroside VI, Mogroside VIa1 (1) and Mogroside VIa (2), were isolated from the extracts of Luo Han Guo. Compound 1 is a newly isolated isomer of Mogroside VI. We report here detailed structural confirmation of the structures of 1 and 2 as well as the sensory data for both compounds. Structure elucidation of both mogrosides were achieved by NMR analysis and the complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of both mogrosides are described herein based on the NMR experiments (1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC-DEPT, HMBC, ROESY and 1D-TOCSY) and mass spectral data. The sensory properties of compounds 1 and 2 were measured.

Keywords: Mogroside, triterpene glycosides, Structure elucidation, NMR spectroscopy, Luo Han Guo, 16 glycoside linkage

[1]. I. Prakash, G.E. DuBois, J.F. Clos, L.L. Wilkens, and L.E. Fosdick, Development of rebiana, a natural, non-caloric sweetener. Food Chem. Toxicol. 46(7), 2008, S75-S82.
[2]. R. Kasai, R.L. Nie, K. Nashi, K. Ohtani, J. Zhou, G.D. Tao, and O. Tanaka, Sweet cucurbitane glycosides from fruits of Siraitia siamensis (chi-zi luo-han-guo), a Chinese folk medicine. Agric. Biol. Chem. 53, 1989, 3347–3349.
[3]. T. Takemoto, S. Arihara, T. Nakajima, and M. Okuhira, Studies on the constituents of Fructus momordicae. III. Yakugaku Zasshi, 103, 1983, 1167-1173.
[4]. H.C. Makapugay, N.P.D. Nanayakkara, D.D. Soejarto, and A.D. Kinghorn, High-Performance Ligquid Chromatographic Analysis of the Major Sweet Principle of Lo Han Kuo Fruits. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33, 1985, 348-350.
[5]. I. Prakash and V.S.P. Chaturvedula, Additional New Minor Cucurbitane Glycosides from Siraitia grosvenorii. Molecules, 19, 2014, 3669-3680..

Abstract: This study investigate the removal efficiency of chromium (VI) from water by using (R-AgCl) Silver chloride resin (SCR) as selective sorbent material for removal chromium (VI) from aqueous solution; the study was carried out by sorption batch experiments at room temperature(25°C). Efficiency of Cr(VI) removal was determined by measuring the chromium concentration before and after the sorption process. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) method has been applied as analytical method for determination of Cr concentration in water. Governing factors for removal efficiency were proposed, analyzed and compared. It was conducted that the process is mostly affected by pH value of solution, mass of sorbent and concentration of Cr(VI) , which was the most efficient sorbent showed maximal efficiency and maximal sorption capacity, 1.5g of SCR after 60 min at 25 °C and pH 6.5 recovered 98% of Cr(VI) from 100 mL of water polluted with 20 mg of Cr(VI).

Keywords: Chromium (VI), Removal, Water, Silver chloride , AAS, Batch system

[1]. V. K. Gupta, A. K. Shrivasrava, N. Jain, Biosorption of Chromium(VI) from aqueouse solution by green aglae spirogyra species, Wat, Res., 35, No17(2001) 4079-4085.
[2]. S. S. Wise, A. L. Holmes, L. Liou, R. M. Adam, J. P. Wise, Hexavalent chromium induces chromosome instability in human urothelial cells, Toxi.and Appl.pharm., 296(2016) 54-60.
[3]. C. Raji, T. S. Anirudhan, batch Cr(VI) remomoval by polyacrylamide- grafted sawdust: Kinetics and thermodynamics, Wat. Res.32, No 12(1998) 3772-3780.
[4]. Y. Cengeloglu, T. Ali, IW. Esengi, E. Mustafa, Transport of hexavalent chromium through anion-exchange membranes, Desalination 154(2003) 239-246.
[5]. R. Aravindhan, B. Madhan, JR. Rao, BU Nair, T. Ramasami, Bioaccumulation of chromium from tannery wastewater: An approach for chrome recovery and reuse Environ. Sci. technol. 38(2004) 300-306..

Abstract: The kinetic study for the bromination of the regioisomers of cresol in aqueous medium by molecular bromine has been carried out using the competition technique. These reactions are rapid and are found to be of the second order. The specific reaction rates determined at 27.0o C are 0.8 x 104, 1.78 x 104 and 4.4 x 104 M-1 s-1 for the ortho, para and meta isomers respectively. These values quantitatively justify the relative reactivity of these regioisomers in aqueous medium which has been qualitatively speculated hitherto for these rapid bromination reactions.

[1]. BhoreJ.B.andDangatV.T.:Rapid Kinetics Of Bromination of Nitrophenols by RPE International J.of Chemical Science and Research,2012,vol.3(03ISNN-2249-0329);pp1-6
[2]. Dangat V.T.; Borkar V.T.; Research Link, Vol. – X (5) p 8-10 (July 2011)
[3]. Wielscteich W.K. Jahn, Z. Electro chem., 64, 43 (1960).
[4]. SaalR.N;J.;Rec. Trav. Chim., 47, 73, 264, (1928).
[5]. Israel Rubinstein et.al.Phy.Chem.1995,ISBN-o-8247-9452-4;pp31

Abstract: Global warming is one of the most important environmental curses ever to face with human society during last few decades. Undoubtedly, it is fatal for the existence of life and most importantly green house gases are mostly responsible for such global warming. Among the green house gases evolved from different sources, carbon dioxide is the most damaging gas for pollution and global warming. Increased emissions of carbon dioxide from different sources to the environment are much alarming due to rapid industrialisation, agriculture and related waste products. In this paper a mathematical model has been developed for carbon dioxide emission connected to three different states of the eastern and north eastern part of India, namely, West Bengal, Assam and Orissa upon application of non-linear regression........

Keywords: Global warming, Regression analysis, Least square method, Instantaneous Rate of Change (IROC), Green House Gases (GHG).

[1]. Asadoorian M.O., Sarofim M.C., Reilly J.M., Paltsev S., and Forest C.C., (2006) Historical Anthropogenic Emissions Inventories for Greenhouse Gases and Major Criteria Pollutants, MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, Technical Note No. 8.
[2]. Basak P. and Nandi S., (2014), An analytical study of emission dynamics of carbon dioxide in India, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC), 1, pp 16-21.
[3]. Basak P. and Nandi S., (2014), A statistical analysis and prediction of carbon dioxide emission in some eastern and northern states of India, International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 4 (5): pp 956-967.
[4]. Battle M., Bender M. L., Tans P. P., White J. W., Ellis J. T., Conway T., and Francey R. J., (2010), Global carbon sinks and their variability inferred from atmospheric oxygen and d13C, Science, New Series, 287 (5462), pp 2467-2470.
[5]. Ghoshal T. and Bhattacharyya R., (2008), State level carbon dioxide emissions of India 1980-2000, Contemporary Issues and Ideas in Social Sciences.

Abstract: The main theme of this exploration is to reveal the fuel characteristics with the value of calorific value correlation of LHV, HHV on peat based on proximate analysis at Abnali, Barasat north –east in Khulna. Actually there is a rising movement for alternative energy resources and peat is the replacement of fossil fuel as energy resources. The fuel characteristics quality of peat from Khulna to determine the proximate characteristics (moisture, ash content, fixed carbon, volatile matter) and calorific value with higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) by the proximate analysis. The people of this area in Abnali, Barasat called it "JOPE SOIL". By the proximate analysis the range of calorific value (cal/g) for (7094.58525-4137.89625), HHV for kj /kg (28644.10-20107.58), LHV for Kj/kg (25404.10-16867.58). Power plants of about 22-25 MW capacities may be recognized in this area based on peat of in Khulna which may be deposited more than one hundred year at present

Keywords: Calorific value, LHV, HHV, Proximate analysis, Peat (JOPE SOIL)

[1]. Biomass for Renewable Energy and Fuels DONALD L. KLASS.www.elsevier.com/locate/permissions.
[2]. Proximate and the Calorific Value Analysis of Brown Coal for High-Calorie Hybrid Briquette Application......

Abstract: The increased efficiency of compression ignition engine compared to spark ignition engine has resulted into increased share of diesel engines for light and heavy duty vehicles in the European Union. Diesel fuel produced from hydrotreratment of straight run gasoil is inadequate to meet the market demand. Cracked gasoils from catalytic cracking processes, like light cycle oil (LCO) from FCC have very poor ignition quality characteristics (low cetane number), high density, high aromatic content, and high sulfur content and they are not proper for use as automotive diesel fuel. Solvent extraction is a well-known process in the petroleum industry, and has been in use for many years for the improvement of lubricating oils. This technique can be applied for the extraction of aromatic............

Keywords: Diesel fuel, light cycle oil, solvent extraction

[1] P. Robinson, G. Dolbear,Hydrotreating and Hydrocracking: Fundamentals, in C. Hsu, P. Robinson (Eds.), Practical Advances in Petroleum Processing, (Springer, New York 2006).
[2] ΙΜΟ Sulphur 2020 – cutting sulphur oxide emissions http://www.imo.org/en/mediacentre/hottopics/pages/sulphur-2020.aspx
[3] K. Mollenhauer, H.Tschoeke,Handbook of Diesel Engines,(Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, 2010).
[4] C.D. Rakopoulos, E.G. Giakoumis, Diesel Engine Transient Operation,(Springer, London, 2009).
[5] G. Knothe, J.Krahl, J. Gerpen, The Biodiesel Handbook, 2nd ed.,(Academic Press and AOCS Press, 2010)..

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem; its rate is rapidly increasing in Gashua, region of Yobe State. The main cause of this CKD has not yet been identified, but it is suspected to be as a result of toxins or heavy metals in food or water, therefore, in this study, the concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and Chromium (Cr) in irrigation water were determined from four different water sources (Mashangwari I, Mashangwari II, Gada right and Gada left). The samples collected were analyzed for their Cd, Pb, and Cr contents, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The analysis showed the higher concentration of Cr, (0.0048 – 1.5987 μg/mL) with highest values, 1.598 μg/mL and 1.0689 μg/mL in irrigation water of the Gada (right) and Gada (left) respectively. While the concentrations of Cd (0.0351 – 0.0912 μg/mL) and Pb (0.0386 – 0.1086 μg/mL)...........

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, water quality indices, Heavy metals, concentration, contamination

[1]. Lola N, Kever R T, Uba M N. Journal of Research in Nursing and Midwifery (JRNM). 2014; 3(6): 106-111.
[2]. Juan D G and Emmanuel A. Renal damage associated with heavy metals: review work. Rev. Colomb. Nefrol. 2018;5(1): 43- 53.
[3]. Afshin M, Fardin G, Mahmood A, Hiua D, Yahya Z. Concentration levels of heavy metals in irrigation water and vegetables grown in peri-urban areas of Sanandaj, Iran . Journal of Advanced in Environmental Health Research. 2014; 1(2): 81-88
[4]. Ummate I, Nwankwo E, Yusuph H. Kanem. journal of medical sciences. 2008; 2(2):48-52.
[5]. Weaver VM, Kim NS, Jaar BG, et al. Associations of low-level urine cadmium with kidney function in lead workers. Occup Environ Med. 2011; 68: 250–256..

Abstract: Diazonium salt was prepared by dissolving 4-nitro aniline in acetic acid and propionic acid mixture in the hot condition and was rapidly cooled in an ice/salt bath to-50c,then subsequent addition of nitrosylsulphuric acid, prepared from sodium nitrite and concentrated sulphuric acid. 5-(4-nitro phenyl azo)-8-hydroxy quinoline was synthesized by coupling reaction of diazo liquor with 8-hydroxy quinoline in the basic medium at 00c for 2h. Then the pH of the reaction mixture was maintained at 4-6 by the simultaneous addition of saturated sodium carbonate solution. 5-(4-nitro phenyl azo)-8-(1-hydroxy hexyl oxy) quinoline was synthesized by treating 5-(4-nitro phenyl azo..........

Keywords: 5-(4-nitro phenylazo)-8-hydroxy quinoline, 5-(4-nitro phenyl azo)-8-(1-hydroxy hexyloxy)quinoline, vinyl monomer, co-polymer

[1]. Kippelen B, Tamura K, Peyhambarian N, Padias AB, Hall Jr. HK. Phys. Rev B 1993, 48 (15): 10710.
[2]. Yu L, Chan WK, Peng Z, Gharavi A. Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29:13.
[3]. Z hang Y, Wada T, wang L, Aoyama T, Sasabe H. Chem. Commun. 1996, 2325
[4]. Barrett C, Chowdhury B, Natansohn A, Rochon P. Macromolecules 1998, 31, 4845

[5]. Wright D, Diaz- Garcia MA, Casperson JD, DeClue M, Moerner WE, Twieg RJ. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73(11), 1490..