| 10. |
A Low Power Single Phase Clock Distribution Multiband
Network
A Low Power Single Phase Clock Distribution Multiband
Network
Abstract: Frequency synthesizer is one of the important elements for wireless communication application. The speed of VCO and
prescaler determines how fast the frequency synthesizer is. A dual modulus prescaler contains logic gates and flip-flops. This
project aim for developing a low power single clock multiband network which will supply for the multi clock domain
network. The multiband divider consists of a proposed wideband multi modulus 32/33/47/48 prescaler and an improved bitcell
for swallow (S) counter and can divide the frequencies in the three bands of 2.4–2.484 GHz, 5.15–5.35 GHz, and 5.725–
5.825 GHz with a resolution selectable from 1 to 25 MHz The proposed multiband flexible divider is silicon verified and
consumes power of 0.96 and 2.2 mW in 2.4- and 5-GHz bands, respectively, when operated at 1.8-V power supply.
Key words: D flip-flop (DFF), extended TSPC (ETSPC), frequency divider, operating frequency, powerdelay-
product (PDP), prescaler.
Reference
[1] H. R. Rategh et al., "A CMOS frequency synthesizer With an injected locked frequency divider for 5-GHz Wireless LAN receiver," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.35, no. 5, pp="nav-path-selected accordion" href="javascript:void(0)">For Authors
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Volume-12 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2019
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12000+
Articles published
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Cement Kiln Dust as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Transesterification of Palm Cooking Oil |
| Country |
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Indonesia |
| Authors |
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Wahyudin || Joelianingsih || Nanik Purwanti || Armansyah H. Tambunan |
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10.9790/5736-1209010107  |
Abstract: Cement kiln dust (CKD) is alkaline materials which contains solid material mixture mainly calcium oxide (CaO). The activation process of CKD was carried out with refluxing methanol at T 343.15 K for 90 minutes. The activation studies were performed based on methanol to oil weight ratio (1:1, 3:1, and 5:1). The transesterification performance studies were carried out in intensified reactor at T 343.15 K and 353.15 K with various methanol to oil mole ratios (200:1 and 300:1). It is found that CKD was activated at temperature of 340.15 – 355.15 K. Therefore, the use of CKD catalysts for transesterification at temperatures higher than355.15 Kwill not beeffective. Furthermore, it is suggested...........
Keywords: activation; calciummethoxide; calcium oxide; cement kiln dust; heterogeneous catalyst; methanol; mole ratio; temperature; transesterification.
[1]. Ma F., Hanna M.A., Biodiesel Production: a review, Bioresour Technol, 70, pp. 1–15, 1999.
[2]. Freedman B., Pryde E.H., Mounts T.L., Variables Affecting The Yields of Fatty Esters from Transesterified Vegetable Oils, J Am Oil Chem Soc, 61, pp.1638-1643, 1984.
[3]. Schuchardt U., Sercheli R., Vargas R., Transesterification of Vegetable Oils: a review, J Braz Chem Soc, 9, pp. 199–210, 1998.
[4]. Fukuda H., Kondo A., Noda H., Biodiesel Fuel Production by Transesterification of Oils, J Biosci Bioeng, 92, pp. 405–416, 2001.
[5]. Cai Y., Nieweg J.A., Turner W.A., Wilkinson C.K., Systems and Processes for Biodiesel Production, Patent No. US 2011/0054200 A1, 2011..
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Extraction, Phytochemical, Physicochemical and Toxicological Study of Ginger Lily (Costusafer Ker Gawl) Leaf and Snail (Archachatinamarginata) Slime for Potential Use as Anti-Diabetic Drug Delivery. |
| Country |
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Nigeria |
| Authors |
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Agu Matthew Onyema |
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10.9790/5736-1209010819 |
Abstract: The leaves of Costusafer Ker Gawl., belongs to the family of Costaceae and has manifold uses in Eastern part of Nigeria, some other African countries as well as other parts of the world. Special part of this usefulness is as folk medicine in Eastern part of Nigeria for the treatment and management of a variety of human ailment, like stomach ache, swollen legs, diabetes mellitus etc. From the sequential extraction experiment conducted on Costusafer using Petroleum ether, Methanol, Acetone and water,the bioactive components was determined as well as the percentage yield. The result obtained for percentage yield of petroleum ether, methanol, acetone and water were 0.97, 6.32, 2.07 and 2.63 respectively. Investigation of the solubility profile of the snail slime indicated that it was partially soluble in distilled water at ordinary room temperature but moderately soluble at..........
Keywords: Phytomedicine, Synthetic drug, Costusafer, Snail Slime, Toxicology, Phytochemical
[1]. Adikwu, M.U. and Ikejiuba C.C. (2005). Some physiological and wound healing properties of Snail mucin. Boll. Chim. Farm. Pp 144:1-8.
[2]. Adikwu, M.U. and Nnamani P.O. (2005). Some physiological and toxicological properties of Snail mucin. Bioresearch 5: Pp 1-6
[3]. Anaga, A.O, Njoku C.J. Ekejiuba E.S. Esiaka M.N. Asuzu I.U. (2004). Investigation of the methanolic leaf extract of Costusafer Ker for Pharmacological activities in vitro and in vivo. Phytomedicine (2-3): Pp 242-248.
[4]. Aronson, J.K., (2009). Side Effects of Herbal Medicines Elsevier B.V. Amsterdam, Boston, Heidelberg. SBN 978-044-453269-5.
[5]. Bailey, C.J., (2000). Potential new treatments for type 2 diabetes. Trends in pharmacological sciences. 21 (7): Pp 259-265
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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The Impact of Industrial Waste on the Water Quality of Kharun River, Raipur (Chhattisgarh) |
| Country |
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India |
| Authors |
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Shweta Goyal || Shilpi Shrivastava |
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10.9790/5736-1209012024 |
Abstract: The analysis was done of five water sample collected from study area during february 2019 to july 2019, This was done by comprehensive physicochemical analysis using APHA standard methods of analysis. Due to industrial waste , human waste , domestic waste etc, the kharun river got polluted with many heavy/toxic metals, so it can not be used for any other purpose. By the investigation we found many contaminants in river water so it has suggested to implant sewage water treatment plant (STP) near the river kharun so that we can maintain water quality of river. The river contamination has had negative health impact on the village and the urban residents. Water-borne diseases like jaundice and typhoid are very common here. As per a report by Business Standard in 2014, 67 people died that year from jaundice in Raipur district. "The industrial sewage network of Raipur is linked to Kharun through eight big canals, and almost all the industrial effluents flows into the river without any treatment," reported Patrika in 2016..........
Keywords: APHA, Industrial Waste, domestic waste, toxic metal, sewage, WHO, NIS, STP.
[1]. Abolfaz (2014), Akbarzadeh et.al, Nano Scale research letters, 9:393.
[2]. A.HilkiahIgoni et al (2008), Design of anaerobic digester for producing biogas from municipal solid waste. Science Direct, Applied Energy 85 (2008) 430-438 ISSN: 1438-4639
[3]. Ayodhya D Kshirsagar (2013), Bioremediation of Wastewater by using Microalgae: An experimental study, International Journal of Life Sciences Biotechnology and Pharma Research Vol.2, No.3, July 2013 ISSN2250-3137
[4]. B. T. Pelosi, L. K. S. Lima et.al (2014), Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 31, 1035.
[5]. CGWB (2015), Groundwater quality in shallow tube well, Ministry of water resources, Faridabad..
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Physicochemical Parameters of Black Tea and Antibacterial Activity of Extracted Caffeine |
| Country |
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Bangladesh |
| Authors |
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Mahmudul H. Suhag || Md. Faruak Ahmad || Aklima Khatun |
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10.9790/5736-1209012530 |
Abstract: Percentage of total ash, water extract, water-soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, crude fiber was estimated gravimetrically. The alkalinity of water-soluble ash was determined by titration with a basic aqueous solution of NaOH. The amount of total ash, water extract, water-soluble ash, the alkalinity of water-soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and crude fiber are 12.76, 48.25, 49.00, 0.80, 0.92, and 13.04%, respectively. Caffeine was also isolated from tea sample and characterized by FT-IR and UV-Vis spectrophotometry and melting point. Antibacterial activity of extracted caffeine was studied against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Extracted caffeine shows resistant properties against Staphylococcus aureus
Keywords: Gravimetric analysis, Caffeine extraction, Spectrophotometric characterization, Antibacterial activities.
[1]. I. S. Akande, T. A. Samuel, U. Agbazue and B. L. Olowolagba; Comparative proximate analysis of ethanolic and water extracts of Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) and four tea brands, JPBMS, 22 (03), 2012, 1-7.
[2]. M. M. Rahman, M. A. Kalam, M. A. Salam and M. R. Rana; AGED LEAVES EFFECT ON ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN GREEN AND OOLONG TEA, Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech., 3 (2), 2013, 54-58.
[3]. A. Imran, M. S. Butt, M. Yasin, M. Imran, R. Batool and A. Naz; Phytochemical screening of different black tea brands, Internet Journal of Food Safety, 13, 2011, 226-231.
[4]. G. Yentur, E. R. Buket, O. Befier, A. B. Oktem; A STUDY ON EVALUTION OF CONFORMITY OF BLACK TEAS PRODUCED IN TURKEY WITH TURKISH FOOD CODEX, GIDA, 32 (5), 2007, 227-233.
[5]. M. E. Harbowy and D. A. Balentine; Tea Chemistry, Critical Reviews ill Plant Sciences, 16(5), 1997, 415-480...
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Preparation of N-arylmaleimides with PPh3-CBrCl3 as reagent |
| Country |
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United Arab |
| Authors |
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Areej Hashim || Thies Thiemann |
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10.9790/5736-1209013138 |
Abstract:N-Arylmaleimides have been prepared from maleic acid monoaryl amides by the action of PPh3-
CBrCl3 in the presence of trimethylamine using acetonitrile as solvent
Keywords: Intramolecular imidation, modified Appel reagent, UV-VIS spectroscopy
[1]. S. A. Khattab, M. A. Kilalifa, and S. A. Mahgoub, Diels-Alder reactions with some N-substituted maleimides, Journal fűr Praktische
Chemie, 319, 1977, 432-438.
[2]. S. Mataka, J. Ma, T. Thiemann, T. Mimura, T. Sawada, and M. Tashiro, Substituent Effect on the Selectivity of [3.3]-
Orthoanthracenophanes in the Diels-Alder reaction with N(p-substituted phenyl)maleimides. Tetrahedron, 53, 1997, 6817–6824.
[3]. S. Cunha, W. Rodovalho, N. R. Azevedo, M. de. O. Mendonҫa, C. Lariucci, and I. Vencato, The Michael reaction of enaminones
with N-(-p-tolyl)-maleimide: synthesis and structural analysis of succinimide-enaminones, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical
Society, 13, 2002, 629-634.
[4]. C. Antczak, B. Baubois, C. Monneret, and J. Florent, A new Acivicin prodrug designed for tumor-targeted delivery, Bioorganic
Medicinal Chemistry, 9, 2001, 2843.
[5]. K.-F. Lin, J.-S. Lin, and C.-H. Cheng, High temperature resins on allylamine/bismaleimides, Polymer, 37, 1996, 4729-4737..
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Using of untreated and thermally treated kaolin clayas adsorbent and coagulant in the treatment of Wastewater |
| Country |
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Egypt |
| Authors |
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H.M. Ismail || A.I. Hafez || N.A.Khalil || A.I. Hashem || M.G. Elmalky |
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10.9790/5736-1209013951 |
Abstract: The capability of kaolin clay (untreated and thermally treated) and combination withferric chloride used as coagulants in wastewater treatment via adsorption, and coagulation-flocculation processes was investigated. The optimum conditions (pH and coagulants dosage) were identified for the both kinds and in combinations of kaolin clay with ferric chloride. The results obtained that kaolin clay is a good coagulant, which can absorb chemical oxygen demand (COD) biological oxygen demand (BOD), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS) and some elements from wastewater with a good percentage removal. Using the optimum dosage of the combinations of thermally treated kaolin cay - ferric chloride mixture gave high efficiency removal of oil and grace, ironand turbidity. On the other hand, the effects of contact time indicated that the adsorption capacity of thermally treated kaolin clay was higher than the untreated one
Keywords: Wastewater treatment; kaolin clay; ferric chloride; coagulation and flocculation
[1]. Abdelaal, A.M., (2004),"using a natural coagulant for treating wastewater". Eighth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC8, Alexandria, Egypt.
[2]. AI Hafez, FM Tera, ESE El-Shereafy, MM Kayaty(2014) "Synthesis and application of cationic rice starch as a flocculants for water treatment" Journal of Advanced Scientific Research, Issue 4 ( 6) , p 156-168
[3]. AI Hafez, NA Khalil, AI Hashem(2014) "Synthesis and characterization of cationic chitosan nanoparticles as coagulant in water treatment" Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 4(6) p 126-146.
[4]. Al-Bastaki, N., and Banat, F., (2003),"Combining ultrafiltration and adsorption on bentonite in a one-step process for the treatment of coloured waters". Resources, conservation and recycling, 41, p 103-113.
[5]. Anselme, N., Subba Narasiah, N., and Brian, G.T., (1995),"Active agents and mechanism of coagulation of turbid water using Moringa Oleifera". Wat. Res., 29, p 703-710..
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Elemental Analysis of Water Samples from Lafia Central, Lafia East andLafia North Areas inNasarawa State, Nigeria |
| Country |
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Nigeria |
| Authors |
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S. P. I. Ogah || A. I. Ambo || E. E. Ukaegbu |
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10.9790/5736-1209015258 |
Abstract: Aims and Objectives: The study examined concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) elements in water samples from forty four different locations in Lafia central, Lafia east and Lafia north areas, Nigeria in order to compare them with World Health Organization (WHO) and Standard Oganization of Nigeria (SON) permissible limits so as to highlight the health implications of their various concentrations. Methodology: The Elements of interest were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and flame photometer. Analysis..........
Keywords: elemental analysis, WHO, SON, water sample, Lafia
[1]. PHA (1999). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water. Washington DC, USA: American Water Works Association, Water Environment Federation.
[2]. Acharya, S., Sharma, S. K., &Khandegar, V. (2018). Assessment of groundwater quality by water quality indices for irrigation and drinking in South West Delhi, India. Data in Brief, 18, 2019–2028.
[3]. Adegboyega, A. M., Olalude, C. B., &Odunola, O. A. (2015). Physicochemical and Bacteriological Analysis of Water Samples Used For Domestic Purposes in Idi Ayunre, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 8(10), 46-50.
[4]. Alfarrah, N., &Walraevens, K. (2018). Groundwater Overexploitation and Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Areas of Arid and Semi-Arid Regions. Water, 10(143), 1-24.
[5]. Aliyu, J. A., Yusuf, S., &Shehu, K. (2015). Heavy metals pollution on surface water sources in Kaduna metropolis, Nigeria. Science World Journal, 10(2)..
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Research Paper |
| Title |
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Investigations Directed Toward the Synthesis of New Cyclopentanoids Using Optically Active Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene Monoester |
| Country |
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Japan |
| Authors |
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Satomi Niwayama |
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10.9790/5736-1209015962 |
Abstract: The synthetic utilization of a chiral building block obtained by the enzymatic asymmetric hydrolysis of a symmetric diester having the bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene system was investigated. Several cyclopentanoids have been synthesized in high yields in enatiomerically enriched forms with the use of simple reactions. These compounds are expected to serve as useful chiral synthons for cyclopentane-containing natural products and pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: chiral synthon, cyclopentanoids, enzymatic reaction, natural products, pharmaceuticals
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