Volume-13 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

Abstract: The field of catalysis is well known from an experimental perspective, but its fundamental underpinnings are missing. Fundamentals of catalysis are developed from a quantum perspective for a reactant and an embryonic product requiring a catalyst backbone to be at least two-fold degenerate. The article addresses the symmetry of wave functions and simple energy computations for selected catalyst complexes. Catalysis is redefined: a barrier free transformation of one electronic configuration to another, changing reactants to products. A six-step method has been established sufficient for design of catalysts at the molecular level with examples of Fischer-Tropsch catalysis [Co(HCN)2Fe(HCN)2Co(HCN)2] and air oxidative destruction [Fe(CN)2LFe(CN)2L] of aliphatic hydrocarbons both at ambient temperature

[1]. Borman S. Chem. & Eng. News 2004 82 (8), 35.
[2]. Pauling, L. General Chemistry, W.H. Freeman & Company: San Francisco, 1959, 2nd ed., p115.
[3]. Cotton, F. A.; Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1980, 4th ed., p1265.
[4]. Lewis, G. N.; Randall, M.; Pitzer, K. S.; Brewer, L. Thermodynamics, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.: New York, 2nd ed., 1961, p 273f.
[5]. Benson, S. W. The Foundations of Chemical Kinetics, McGraw-Hill Book Company: New York, 1960, p 21)..

Abstract: The current study gives a kinetics study for the quantitative determination of Acetoacetic ester with N-chlorosaccharin reagent in acetic acid water medium. A perusal of the proceeding result confirms that the activity of N-Chlorosaccharin is very much limited. This is due to the restricted activity on ketones and esters in ordinary medium of solvent. At the same time, it is also concluded that the presence of acid does increase the activity at relatively higher temperature. Even then this study certainly a worthy contribution to the field of chemical kinetics by opening a new field with NCSA. Background: Chemical kinetics also described as reaction kinetics, is the study of rates of chemical processes. It deals with the investigations of how different experimental conditions may produce an effect on the speed of a chemical reaction and yield information......

Key Word: Kinetics Study, Acetoacetic ester, N-chlorosaccharin reagent, Acetic acid

[1]. Valechha, N.D. and Pradhan, A.J. Ind. Chem. Soc., 1984, 61, 945
[2]. Valechha, N.D. and Pradhan, A.J. Ind. Chem., 1985, 24, 773
[3]. Meenakshi, A. and Santappa, M.J. Ind. Chem., 1973, II, 393
[4]. Pechal, M., Holotik, S., Satrasak, M. and Hrusovsky, M.Chem. Zevesti 1983, 37 (2), 159
[5]. Kolthoff, I. and Willman, A.J. Ame. Chem. Soc., 1934, 56, 1007

Abstract:The current study depicts that it is observed the even the slight presence of easily oxidizable substance like thio-urea, ascorbic acid, hydrazine; alcohols etc. interfere in the estimation. In such case higher recovery is obtained because the compound reacts with the reagent. Therefore, the presence of such substances was avoided. Excipients like starch, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cellulose, magnesium tri-silicate, tri-calcium phosphate and gum acacia if present in the pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere in the estimation. Background: Antibiotic drugs are chemical substances derivable from a mold or bacterium that can kill microorganisms and cure bacterial infections; "when antibiotics were first discovered they were called wonder drugs" The first antibiotic was penicillin...........

Key Word: antibiotics, drugs, pharmaceutical treatments

[1]. M. K. Matta, N. R. Pilli, J. K. Inamadugu, L. Burugula, S. R. JVLN, Acta PharmaceuticaSinica B, 2(5), 472-480, 2012.
[2]. N. Kapoor, S. Khandavilli, R. Panchagnula, Analytica Chimica Acta, 570, 41-45, 2006.
[3]. A. Volosov, C. Alexander, L. Ting, S. J. Soldin, Clinical Biochemistry, 35, 99-103, 2002.
[4]. K. B. Kenney, S. A. Wring, R. M. Carr, G. N. Wells, J. A. Dunn, J. Pharmaceu. Biomed. Anal., 22, 967-983, 2000.
[5]. V. R. Kumar, B. P. B. Reddy, B. R. Kumar , K. Sreekanth , K. N. Babu, J. Chromatogr. B, 921-922, 9-14, 2013.

Abstract: Background:Mutton is a healthy source of animal protein with abundant nutritional benefits. It is this essential for rearing and breeding goats to provide nutrient-rich browses. The quality of meat obtained is dependent on the type of browses fed to goats. Two (2) plants; Macaranga barteri and Microdesmiscaseariifolia, were identified as browse of choice by goats in Ozuzu community of Etche Local Government Area in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: The leaves were analysed for qualitative and quantitative determination of the phytochemicals.Alkaloids (Wagner's test), anthraquinone glycosides (Bontrager's test), phytosterols (AOAC method), flavonoids (AOAC method.....

Key Word: Anti-nutrients Composition, Browse plants, Goats, Mineral Composition, Mutton, Proximate Composition

[1]. Okoli IC, Ebere CS, Uchegbu MC, Udah CA, Ibeawuchi II. A survey of the diversity of plants utilized for small ruminant feeding in south-eastern Nigeria. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment. 2003; 96(1-3):147-154.
[2]. Ivanović S, Pavlović I, Pisinov B. The quality of goat meat and its impact on human health. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry. 2016; 32(2): 111-122.
[3]. AOAC International. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2006
[4]. Harborne JB. A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis. Chapman and Hall. 1973
[5]. Bohm BA, Kocipai-Abyazan MR. Flavonoids and condensed tannins from leaves of Hawaiian Vaccinium reticulatum and V. calycinum (Ericaceae). Pac Sci. 1994; 48(4): 458-463.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the ethnobotanical uses of Plecranthusesculentus N.E.Br in Makoni district, Zimbabwe as well as to evaluate the phytochemical profile of aqueous acetonic extract of the plant tubers using UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier transform- Infrared (FTIR) analysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Face to face interviews were conducted among residents of Makoni district in order to gather information about the ethnobotanical uses of Plecranthusesculentus. The phytochemical profile of Plecranthusesculentus tubers was determined using UV-Visible spectrophotometry and FTIR analysis after solvent extraction using conventional phytochemical extraction protocols. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.......

Key Words: Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants, Plecranthusesculentus, Phytochemicals, Folklore medicine

[1]. Nour, V., Trandafir, I., Cosmulescu. S. (2012). HPLC determination of phenolic acids, flavonoids and juglone in walnut leaves. Journal of Chromatographic Science 51(9): 883-890.
[2]. Stalikas, C. D. (2007). Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids. Journal of Separation Science 30(18): 3268-3295.
[3]. Kvasnička, F., Čopíková, J., Ševčík, R., Krátká, J., Syntytsia, A., Voldřich, M. (2008). Determination of phenolic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis and HPLC. Open Chemistry 6(3): 410-418.
[4]. Manach, C., Scalbert, A., Morand, C., Rémésy, C., Jiménez, L. (2004). Polyphenols: food sources and bioavailability. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79(5): 727-747.
[5]. Oksana, S., Marian, B., Mahendra, R., Bo, S. H. (2012). Plant phenolic compounds for food, pharmaceutical and cosmetiсs production. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research 6(13): 2526-2539..

Abstract: A systamatic approach and method for potentiometric estimation of dissociation constant (Ka) of hydrofluoric acid are described. This method is based on using commercial fluoride ISE (FISE) as very inexpensive, simple and reasonably fast method for determination of fluoride species. We are sugesting a usage of direct potentiometric method for determination of fluoride species and Ka of hydrofluoric acid in water solutions for 1.05 ≤ pH ≤ 7.05 and 1.0×10−1 ≤ cT(F−) ≤ 1.0×10−6 mol L−1. Found acid dissociation constant of hydrofluoric acid (pKa = 3.00±0.02, Ka = 3.95×10−4 L mol−1) and formation constant of HF2− (log= 0.400, = 4.98 L mol−1) are agreeing values ..

Key Words: Fluoride, potentiometry, determination, Ion-selective electrode

[1]. G. T. Hefter, J. Solution Chem., 13 (1984)457
[2]. A.J. Kresge and Y. Chiang, J. Phys. Chem., 77 (1973)822
[3]. P. McTigue, T. A. O'Donnell, B. Verity, Aust. J. Chem., 38 (1985)1797
[4]. G. T. Hefter, C. B. Chan, N. H. Tioh, Anal. Chem. 56 (1984)749
[5]. K. M. Harmon, I. Gennick, J. Mol. Struct., 38 (1976)97

Abstract: A series of octahedral complexes of Co(II) with NONO donor ligand, o-phenylene-bis(o-hydroxy acetophenone) diamine as primary bi-anionic tetradentate ligand and quinoline, pyridine etc. different monodentate secondary ligands has been synthesized through a facile, efficient, environmentally benign and economical method under microwave irradiation in green medium. All the eco-friendly synthesized complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, conductivity and magnetic moment measurements and spectroscopic analyses. The obtained results were compared with conventional methods. The anti-microbial activity of the investigated ligand and its Co(II) complexes clearly indicates that the complexes were found to be more active than the free ligand towards the tested microbes..

Key Words: Cobalt(II) complexes, microwave irradiation, octahedral geometry, anti-microbial activity

[1]. Z. H. Chohan, M. Arif, M. A. Akhtar and C.T. Supuran; Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications, 1-11 (2006).
[2]. K. D. Karlin and J. Zubieta (Eds.); Biological and Inorganic Copper Chemistry, Adenine Press, N Y, (1986).
[3]. P. Anastas, L. G. Heine and T. C. Williamson; Green Chemical Synthesis & Process, Oxford University, Press, N Y, (2000).
[4]. R. A. Sheldon; "Matrices of Green Chemistry and Sustainability: Past, Present and Future", ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 6, 32-48 (2018)
[5]. G. Majetic and K. Wheless; In Microwave-enhanced Chemistry, H.M. Kinsington and S. J. Haswell, Eds., American Chemical Society, Washington DC, 455 (1997).

Abstract: The current study depicts that it is observed the even the slight presence of easily oxidizable substance like thio-urea, ascorbic acid, hydrazine; alcohols etc. interfere in the estimation. In such case higher recovery is obtained because the compound reacts with the reagent. Therefore, the presence of such substances was avoided. Excipients like starch, calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cellulose, magnesium tri-silicate, tri-calcium phosphate and gum acacia if present in the pharmaceutical preparations do not interfere in the estimation.
Background: Antineoplastic agents are a group of specialized drugs......

Key Words: Antineoplastic Drugs, Clinical Pharmacology, Therapeutic Study

[1]. Y. Xu, J. L. Grem, J. Chromatogr. B., 783, 273-285, 2003.
[2]. L. Zafia, A. Aldaz, J. Giraldez, J. Chromatogr. B., 809, 51-58, 2004.
[3]. K. Medikandu, M. Jayaprakash, T. Vijayabhaskarareddy, Int. J. Chem. Anal. Sci., l(l0), 238-241, 2010.
[4]. R. Svobaite, I. Solassol, F. Pinguet, T. Mazard, L. Ivanauskas, M. Ychou, F. M. M. Brassolle, J. Liq. Chromatogr.,& Related Techni., 33(l9), 1705-1719, 2010.
[5]. H. L. Perez, S. Wang, C. Bowen, J. Chromatogr. B, 877, 1040-1046, 2003.
[6]. M. R. Dhanajeyan, J. Liu, C. Bykowski, J. A. Trendel, J. G. Sarver, H. Ando, P. W. Erhardt, J. Chromatogr. A, 1138, 101-108, 2007.