Volume-8 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2015

Abstract: Energy requirement is increasing around the world due to changes in life styles, population increase as well as industrialization efforts.The standard of living of a given country can be directly related to the per capital energy consumption. Kinetics of anaerobic digestion and gas generation from organic sources has posed several new challenges because of the variety in the feedstock as well as the different processes for gas generation. Bio-wastes were used for this study and gas production rate was developed from the solution of mass balance equation with equal flow of input and output. Anaerobic digestion reaction followed a first order kinetics. The trend of Ea (Cow dung > Poultry > Domestic > Combined) shows that the system with the lowest Ea gives the highest yield. Delay in commencement of gas production is explained by their higher value of activation energy. Different feed stocks have different rates of gas production as well as varied retention time.
Keywords: Activation energy, biogas, reaction rate, organic waste.

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[5]. Ngozi-Olehi, L.C., Ayuk A.A., Oguzie, E.E., Ejike, E.N., Ijiomah, B.C.(2010): Kinetics of Biogas Potential from Animal and Domestic Waste. Journal of Report and Opinion.Marshland Press. 2(9) 17-21. http://www.sciencepub.net/report. (America)

Abstract: Phytochemicals are non nutritive bioactive chemical compounds that occur naturally in plants, which are considered to have beneficial effect on human health and have disease preventive properties. The phytochemical compositions of the leaves of Pterocarpus mildbraedii Harms, used widely in soup preparation in Nigeria were studied. The ethanol extract of the leaves was subjected to GC-MS analysis. Seven (7) Phyto-constituents were identified from the leaves with fagasterol or lupeol constituting the bulk of the oil (42.04%), followed by oleic acid (20.38%), and palmitic acid (11.46%). Other constituents are: 1,2,3,4 Butanetetrol or Erythritol (5.73%), N,N Dimethyl-2-propyn-1- amine (4.46%), 1,2-Benzenediol (7.64%), 4-Hydroxypiperidine (8.28%), and n-Hexadecanoic acid (11.46%).

[1]. Akindahunsi, A.A and Salawu, S.O (2005).Phytochemical screening of nutrient and antinutrient composition of selected tropical green leafy vegetables. African J. Biotechnology 4(6): 497-501
[2]. Aletor, V.A and Adeogun, O.A (1995). Nutrients and antinutrient componets of some tropical leafy vegetables. Food Chem. 54(4): 375-379.
[3]. Aparna, V., Dileep, K.V., Mandal, P.K., Karthe, P., Sadasivan, C. and Haridas, M. (2012). Anti-inflammatory property of n- hexadecanoic acid : structural evidence and kinetic assessment. John Wiley & Sons A/S. Pp 1-2.
[4]. Awa, E. P., Ibrahim, S. and Ameh, D. A. (2012). GC/MS Analysis and antimicrobial activity of Diethyl ether fraction of Methanolic extract from the stem bark of Annona senegalensis pers. IJPSR, 3(11), 4213- 4218.
[5]. Awol, A. (2014). Phytochemical Screening, Proximate and Mineral Composition of Sweet Potato Leaves Grown in Tepi Provision, South- west of Ethiopia. Star Journal 3(3): 112-115

Abstract: The present study deals with the solvent effect on the electronic spectra of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine i.e, the effect of polar solvents are ethanol, methanol, and water has been studied on the electronic transitions of the title molecule both experimentally and theoretically. The homo lumo analysis has been studied. Theoretical calculations are made with the help of Gaussian 03 by using HF and density functional theory DFT/B3LYP with complete relaxation using 6-31++G(d,p) basis set. The variation of pH also has been discussed. The mulliken charges have been computed and discussed.

Keywords: 2,4,5 DHFP; UV spectrum, HOMO-LUMO, pH effect, Mulliken charge.

[1]. Helmut Martin Hugel, Neale Jackson, Applied Sciences, 2, (2012), 558-565.
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Abstract: Quantitative determination of six heavy metal ions viz, Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, Fe and Zn in the water samples of Balapur, Jeedimetla, Patancheru and Tarnaka areas of Hyderabad city have been carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Calibrations were constructed for the six metals using standard solution. The analysis showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr are moderately high in the water samples of Balapur and Patancheru where as Cu, Fe and Zn had no significant differences of concentrations compared to standard given by WHO. Twenty water samples collected from different bore wells of each area.

Key words: Heavy metal ions, Analysis, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry..

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Abstract: A kinetic study of oxidation of a potent local anaesthetic benzocaine hydrochloride by sodium N-halo-p-toluenesulfonamides (chloramine-T and bromamine-T) has been carried in HClO4 medium at 303 K. The rate shows a first-order dependence on both [oxidant]o, and [substrate]o, and a fractional-order dependence on acid concentration. Increase in the rate of reaction has been observed with decrease of dielectric constant of the medium by adding methanol. Variation of ionic strength and addition of p-toluenesulfonamide or NaCl have no significant effect on the rate.

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Abstract: Anthraniloyl hydrazones contains one free -NH2 group attached to the aromatic ring and the other is the hydrazinic –Nitrogen. The 1H-NMR and D2O exchange studies inferred that the amide N-C=O and phenolic –OH are involved in hydrogen bonding. The mass spectrum of the ligand shows dimer peak. The anthranil hydrazides possesses antioxidant activity and also some of the hydrazone ligands are used in the treatment of iron overload diseases. As these Schiff base ligands are known for their wide range of applications in pharmaceutical and industrial fields for their antitumor properties the cytotoxicity of the ligand is studied. The ligand ADHPEBH is characterized by different analytical methods like mass, ir, 1H-nmr and D2O exchange.

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Abstract: The photocatalytic actitvity of Natural rutile collected from Bauchi State in the Middle belt region of Nigeria was assessed using Phenol as probe molecule with UV irradiation. The rutile, which contains substituting metal ions with Fe3+ as the predominant, was found to exhibit good photoactivity in UV light. The result showed that 51.7% of Phenol was photodegraded after 120min in UV light irradiation.

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Abstract: The optimized molecular structures, harmonic vibrational wavenumbers, and corresponding vibrational assignments of 2-, 3- and 4-cyanopyridines have been calculated using Gaussian 03 set of quantum chemistry code. Calculations were carried out at Becke-3-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP) density functional theory (DFT) level using the standard 6-311++G(d,p)basis set. The geometrical parameters, thermodynamic parameters, highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO), Infrared intensities, Raman activities and molecular electrostatic potentials results are reported. Reliable vibrational assignments have been made on the basis of Potential Energy Distribution (PED) using VEDA4 program.

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Abstract: Fluorosis, a disease caused by exposure to elevated levels of fluoride in drinking water, impacts millions of people in both developed and developing countries. It is, therefore, important to improve existing methods of defluoridation. This review discusses the sorption of fluoride to alumina sorbants, a widely used defluoridation filter material. To discover significant factors that influence the sorption process, and to thus learn how this technique might be enhanced, a select group of peer reviewed sorption studies were compared. As a result of this analysis,

[1]. Ku, Y.; Chiou, H.-M., The Adsorption of Fluoride Ion from Aqueous Solution byActivated Alumina Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2001, 133, 349-360.
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Abstract: Nanocrystalline Co0.4 Zn0.6Fe2O4 have been synthesized by co-precipitation method. Nanocrystalline ferrites with average crystallite size of 2.7-39.9 nm were obtained by sintering the samples between 393K and 1173K. FTIR show that the spinel ferrites prepared by co-precipitation method retain some hydroxyl groups and is not removed completely by sintering below 873K. FC/ZFC measurements show that the ferrite samples are superparamagnetic having a blocking temperature around 78K. Magnetization at 1 Tesla of Zn=0.6 samples increases with increasing average crystallite size only upto 14 nm and for samples with crystallite size > 14nm, magnetization decreases with increasing crystallite size due to change in cation distribution.

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Abstract: New 4-methylpiperazine-1-carbamic acid (4-MPipzcbmH) and morpholinecarbamic acid (MorphcbmH) complexes of copper(II) of the general formula Cu(L)2X2 (L = 4-MPipzcbmH and MorphcbmH; X = CH3COO and X2 = SO4) have been synthesised and investigated by elemental analysis, molar conductance, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) , infrared, fluorescence, mass, and solution electronic absorption spectral studies. Room temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements, XRD and cyclic voltametric studies have also been performed. The complexes are paramagnetic corresponding to copper(II), a d9system. The ligands 4-MPipzcbmH and MorphcbmH and their copper(II) complexes have also been screened against the lipase enzyme for assaying their enzyme activity.

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Abstract: Cadmium is very well known as a toxic element and the epidemiological data linking cadmium and lung cancer are more apparent than for prostate cancer. Measurement of blood cadmium is important to monitor its levels for general population. In this study, blood cadmium of 116 male and 84 female of Libyan population aged 20 years or older from Tripoli region was determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS).

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Abstract: Density, speed of sound and viscosity for the ternary system formed by 1,4-Bis (diphenylaminobenzene), picric acid and chloroform were measured at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range of 298K, 303K and 308K. The present investigation aims at the comparative study of stability constants of the "Acid-Amine" charge transfer complexes at three temperatures to gain a better understanding of the effect of temperature, and different structural aspects of acceptor-donor to the stability constants of charge transfer complexes under investigation.

1]. Prasanna Pradhan and Mahendra Nath Roy, Physics and Chemistry of Liquids, 52 (2014) 100.
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