International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Management (ICETEM-2016)

Abstract: The classic fenton reaction involving use of simple ferrous salt and H2O2 under ambient conditions as well as under sunlight irradiation is investigated as a potential AOP for the removal of toxic dye pollutant RhB from water. The ratio of Fe2+ ion and H2O2 is optimized. Interestingly the optimum is quite different under normal Fenton process and solar Fenton process. The requirement of relative amount of Fe2+ is more under normal Fenton while the relative amount of H2O2 is more under solar Fenton process.

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Abstract: Sono, photo and sonophotocatalysis mediated by ZnO catalyst have been proven to be efficient methods for the removal of chemical and bacterial pollutants from water. Combination methods are often more efficient as in the case of sonophotocatalysis which is synergic. In this case, the efficiency is more than the sum of the respective sono- and photo- catalytic processes under otherwise identical conditions. The concentration of concurrently formed H2O2 increases and decreases periodically resulting in oscillatory behavior. Inorganic salts likely to be present in water influence the rate of degradation of the pollutant and the behavior of H2O2. The effect of anions on the sono, photo and sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol is dependent on the concentration of respective salts.

[1]. M. N Chong, B Jin, C. W. K Chow andC Saint, New developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: a review, Water Res,44, 2010,2997–3027.
[2]. S. G Anju, S Yesodharan and E. P Yesodharan, Zinc oxide mediated sonophotocatalytic degradation of phenol in water, Chem. Eng. J, 189-190, 2012, 84–93
[3]. C. G Joseph, G. L Puma, A Bonoand D Krishniah,Sonophotocatalysis in advanced oxidation process: a short review, Ultrason. Sonochem, 16, 2009, 583–589.
[4]. P. R Gogateand A. B Pandit, Sonophotocatalytic reactors for wastewater treatment: a critical review,AIChE J, 50, 2004,1051- 1-79.
[5]. Y.C Chen, P Smirniotis, Enhancement of photocatalytic degradation of phenol and chlorophenols by ultrasound, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res, 41, 2002, 5958–5965
[6]. E.A. Nepiras, Acoustic cavitation: an introduction, Ultrasonics, 22, 1984, 25–40
[7]. S. Sakthivel, B. Neppolian, M. V Shankar, B Arabindoo, M Palanichamyand V Murugesan, Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye: comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO2, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 77, 2003,65–82

Abstract: MnO2 and Co3O4 are identified as two highly MW active catalysts for the degradation and eventual mineralization of trace amounts of the toxic pollutant dye IC in water. The degradation is much faster compared to identical conventional heating conditions suggesting that the MW effect is not just thermal. 'Specific effects' and 'athermal effects' of MW also contribute to the degradation of the pollutant. The effect of pH on the degradation is only marginal over a wide range of 4-10, thereby proving the ability of MW to modify the pH effect in many cases. Addition of H2O2 has limited influence on the MW-assisted degradation at lower concentration range while it has a positive enhancing effect at higher concentrations. Another oxidant persulphate enhances the MW/Co3O4 degradation.

[1]. S. Horikoshi, H. Hidaka, N. Serpone, Environmental remediation by an integrated microwave/UV illumination method. V. Thermal and non thermal effects of microwave radiation on the photocatalyst and on the photodegradation of Rhodamine B under UV/VIS irradiation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 36, 2010, 5813-5822
[2]. A de la Hoz, A Loupy (Eds), Microwaves in organic synthesis, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany 2012
[3]. S. Horikoshi, N. Serpone, Photochemistry with microwaves: Catalysis and Environmental applications, J Photochem. Photobiol. C. Photochem Rev. 10,2009, 96-110
[4]. S. Horokoshi, N Serpone (Eds.) Microwaves in Nanoparticles synthesis: Fundamentals and Application, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany 2013
[5]. L. Bo, X. Quan, X. Wang, S. Chen, Preparation and characterization of carbon-supported Pt catalyst and its application to the removal of phenolic pollutant in aqueous solution by microwave assisted catalytic oxidation, J Hazard Mater. 157,2008,179-186
[6]. N. Remya, J-G. Lin, Carbofuran degradation by the application of MW-assisted H2O2 process, J Env. Sci. Health Part B: Pesticides, Food contaminants and agricultural waste, 46 ,2011, 350-359

Abstract: In recent years, Pillared InterLayered Clays (PILCs) have been widely used in several applications; in particular in adsorption and catalysis. The research interest in this family of solids has increased considerably. Clay minerals provide distinct nanometer-scaled layers and interlayers for engineering them as active catalysts. As such, strategic design and preparation has led to a variety of catalysts, including ion exchanged catalysts, acidic activated clay catalysts, intercalated catalysts, pillared clay catalysts, clay-supported catalysts, inorganic and inorganic–organic composites and hybrids, and hierarchically structured solid catalysts. The clay-based heterogeneous catalysts have many practical and potential applications in green catalysis. The review is mainly focused on the importance and the applications of these Pillared Interlayered Clays, Keywords: Pillared InterLayered Clays, Chromium Pillared Clays, Iron Pillared Clays, Montmorillonite, Zirconium Pillared Clays.

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Abstract: Solar photocatalysis is investigated as a potential advanced oxidation process for the removal of small amounts of acetophenone (ACP), a recalcitrant chemical pollutant detected in the effluent water from many petrochemical and other industries. Semiconductor oxide ZnO is used as the catalyst. The influence of various reaction parameters such as initial concentration of ACP, ZnO dosage, pH of the medium, humic acid, H2O2, O2, anions/salts etc on the rate of degradation is evaluated. 1- hydroxy acetophenone (HACP) is identified as the major intermediate in the degradation.

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Abstract: The photocatalytic degradation of trace amounts of carbendazim in water is investigated in presence of ZnO catalyst and solar energy. The degradation is very facile, leading to complete decolorisation of the dye within minutes. The chemical oxygen demand of the system also decreases with irradiation showing complete mineralization in less than 8 hr. The effects of various reaction parameters are investigated in detail and optimum conditions are identified. Most of the salts naturally found in water do not inhibit the degradation except PO43- and Al3+. Oxidants such as H2O2 and persulphate, which are known to enhance the photocatalytic degradation of many pollutants, have only limited enhancing effect in the case of solar ZnO photocatalytic degradation of carbendazim. Dissolved oxygen plays a significant role by serving as an electron scavenger and facilitating the formation of various reactive oxygen species. Some of the major intermediates formed during the degradation are also identified. Keywords: Carbendazim, Photocatalysis, Green technology, Zinc oxide, Anions

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Abstract: Nanotitania with three different morphologies viz., cubes, spheres and rods were synthesized by microwave irradiation. Nano-sized platinum particles were doped on nanotitania by metal sol method under controlled conditions. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over bare and platinum doped titania was conducted under sunlight to investigate the effect of Pt on the dye degradation property of nanotitania As-synthesized TiO2 and Pt-TiO2 nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, BET surface area, Photoluminescence (PL), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) with EDX, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques..

[1] C-W. Hsu, C-R. Ke, Li-C. Chen, P. Chen, and J-M Ting, Effects of microwave condition on the formation and characteristics of TiO2 submicron-sized beads and its use in all-plastic flexible dye-sensitized solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 144, 2016, 7-13.
[2] H. Jiang, Y. Liu, S. Zang, J. Li, and H. Wang, Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Nd, N, and P tri-doped TiO2 from TiCl4 hydrolysis and synergetic mechanism for enhanced photoactivity under simulated sunlight irradiation, Chemical Engineering Journal, 274, 2015, 102-112.
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[4] X.Liu, L. Pan, T. Lv, and Z. Sun, CdS sensitized TiO2 film for photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) by microwave-assisted chemical bath deposition method, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 583, 2014, 390-395.
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