Volume-2 ~ Issue-4

Abstract: Kinetics and thermodynamic studies of chlorination of N-(p-substituted phenyl) -3,5- dimethyl -1, 1- dioxo-1,2-thiazine (C4H2(CH3)2SO2 N C6H4-X); {X = H, p-Cl, and p-OCH3} by using sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) in chloroform medium have been investigated by Isolation method the observed rate of chlorination pseudo first order for 1,2-thiazine and SO2Cl2 and second order in overall reaction and using conductivity method. The reaction rate constant increases with increasing temperature from 273K to 318K. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters k, Ea, ΔH# and ΔS# have been calculated. The corresponding halogenated 1,2- thiazine has been identified as a product of halogenation. A suitable reaction scheme is proposed and an appropriate rate law is deduced to account for the observed kinetic and thermodynamic data.
Keywords :Sultam, Chlorination (SO2Cl2), Kinetic, thermodynamic, conductivity.

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Abstract:study was carried out to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean L) seed using standard methods of analyses. The proximate compositions (%) were as follow; moisture (9.82±0.02), ash (3.10±0.10), crude protein (22.46±0.02), crude fat (5.80±0.02), crude fibre (4.50±0.01), carbohydrate (55.00±0.50) and energy content (362.04Kcal/100g). The mineral composition (mg/100g) of bambara groundnut showed potassium with 1702.10±0.50 to be the highest followed by phosphorus (738.04±0.15), magnesium (347.15±0.01), calcium (256.56±0.05), sodium (135.30±0.05), iron (18.51±0.10) and manganese (10.46±0.05). The antinutrient composition in mg/100g revealed tannin to be (7.15±0.50), phytic acid (6.94±0.02) and trypsin inhibitor (1.56±0.10). The functional properties of the seed also showed foam capacity to be 28.62±0.02%, foam stability at 30 and 60 min to be 21.00±0.02 and 13.00±0.10% respectively while foaming height was 40.32±0.01cm3. The carbohydrate fractions of the seed (g/mg) showed the following pattern: reducing sugar 3.61±0.05, raffinose 0.35±0.01, stachyose 1.57±0.10 and starch 48.12±0.20. The results of this research work revealed that the seed has a potential for dietary improvement as functional agent in food industry.
Keywords -Bambara groundnut, proximate, mineral, antinutrient, functional, carbohydrate.

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Abstract:Ascorbic acid (Laboratory grade), grape juice and vitamin C tablet (a pharmaceutical product) were either packaged in different materials or exposed to air or stored at different temperature were used to study stability of ascorbic acid using titrimetric analytical method with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol. Results of analysis showed that packaging materials, exposure to air and storage temperature condition significantly affected the stability of the vitamin. A significant negative correlation exists between ascorbic acid decline and time of storage and of exposure to air. Ascorbic acid content was more stable in the three sources when stored under refrigeration condition (4-50C) as obtained in the investigation.
Keywords -Stability, ascorbic acid, packaging materials, refrigeration condition, exposure, sun.

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Abstract:Mixed ligand Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes Co(EINA)2(PPD), Ni(EINA)2(PPD) and Cu(EINA)2(PPD), formed with ethyl-α-isonitrosoacetoacetate and dienes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analysis, infra red spectra and magnetic measurements. Ethyl-α-isonitrosoacetoacetate shows a tridentate behavior with coordination occurring through two oximino nitrogen atoms and further two coordination sides of metal ion are satisfied by oxygen atom. Diene acts as a bidentate ligand coordinating through the two nitrogen of the amino group.
Keywords -characterization, Dienes Co (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II), Ethyl-α-isonitrosoacetoacetate. Synthesis

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Abstract:The adsorption behavior of crystal violet, on chitosan has been studied extensively. A series of experiments were conducted in a batch system to evaluate the effect of the system variables .i.e. initial pH, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature. The adsorption facts were analyzed by using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkveich isotherm models. The equilibrium data were best represented by Langmuir isotherm model showing maximum monolayer adsorption capacity 28.5 mg/g. The kinetic data were fitted to pseudo – second order kinetic model which shows that intraparticle diffusion has a significant role in the adsorption process. The thermodynamics of crystal violet onto chitosan indicate its spontaneous and endothermic nature. The adsorbent was analyzed by N2 adsorption – desorption technique, FTIR, SEM, and TG – DTG. Chitosan was shown to be promising adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.
Keywords -Adsorption, Chitosan, Diffusion, Dye, Kinetic study

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Abstract:Water pollution is a major global problem. It is the leading worldwide cause of deaths and diseases which requires lot of changes and evaluation of water resource policy at all levels. Water pollution accounts for the deaths of more than 14,000 people daily. An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper toilet, and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrheal sickness every day. All over the world we are seeing that drains are the main source of water pollution especially for rivers flowing within the city. These drains generally carry industrial effluent, domestic waste, sewage and medicinal waste resulting in poor water quality. Gomti river receives industrial as well as domestic wastes from various drains of Lucknow city. The extent to which these drains pollute the water quality of river Gomti in Lucknow city is not well documented yet. As Gomti river is the only source of surface water for the nearby communities. Due to increased pollution levels water quality of Gomti River is deteriorating continuously. Increased level of turbidity makes Gomti River water unpalatable, hence making it a matter of concern. The present study thus evaluates the effect of 26 drains on water quality of river Gomti in Lucknow city. The observed values of different physico-chemical parameters like pH, temperature, turbidity, total hardness(TH), Iron, total alkalinity (TA), Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of samples were compared with standard values recommended by World Health Organization (WHO). All the physico-chemical parameters for pre monsoon, monsoon and post monsoon seasons are within the highest desirable or maximum permissible limit set by WHO except turbidity which was high while NO3 - , Cl- and F- are less than the values prescribed by WHO. The high level of pollutants disturbing the ecology of river and affecting human health directly and indirectly.
Keywords -Physico chemical parameters, pH value, TSP, BOD, DO, TDS .

[1]. Gomti alarmingly polluted: IITR report Neha Shukla, TNN Jun 7, 2009, 03.50am IST
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Abstract:Depleting reserves of fossil fuel and increasing effects of environment pollution from these fuels demands eco-friendly alternatives. Methyl esters of fatty acids or biodiesel have several outstanding advantages among other non-renewable and clean engine fuel alternatives and can be used in any diesel engine without any modification. It can be made from any biological sources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. Jatropha curcas is a renewable non-edible plant belonging to Euphorbiace family, zero waste perennial plant. Biodiesels offer a very promising alternative to diesel oil since they are renewable and have similar properties with fossil Diesel. The effect of use of biodiesel fuel on engine power, fuel consumption and thermal efficiency are collected and analyzed with that of conventional diesel fuel. In the subsequent section, the engine emissions from biodiesel and diesel fuels are compared, paying special attention to the most significant emissions such as nitric oxides and particulate matter. Fuel-related properties are reviewed and compared with those of conventional diesel fuel
Keywords -Biodiesel, diesel engine, emissions. methyl ester and vegetable oil,

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