Volume-5 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: Bio-composite made from a combination of natural fibers such as wood fiber (wood hard or soft) or other fibers (fiber grain, flax, sisal and hemp) in a polymer matrix. In this study, natural fibers such as cellulose synthesized from Meranti wood (KM) and Betung bamboo (BB) as a matrix or reinforcement material poly lactic acid (PLA) are biodegradable. Tensile and flexible strength tests carried out using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). Flexible and tensile tests that bio composite Betung bamboo better than Meranti wood. Apparently the flexion strength of the composite KM between 10% and 20% there was no significant difference, In contrast to the composition of the bio composite between 10% and 20%. Flexion strength has height values contained in the bio composite Betung Bamboo 20% of 57.4054 N/mm2. The highest power of elasticity found in the composition of the bio composite Betung bamboo 20% of 1.95 GPA. Betung bamboo is high strength reinforced silica matrix composite.

Keywords: Bio composites, poly lactic acid, Meranti wood, Betung bamboo

[1] Zimmerman, T., Pohler, E., Geiger, T. "Cellulose fibrils for polymer reinforcement. Advanced Engineering Science", Advanced Engineering Material, Vol. 6(9), pp.754-761, 2004.

[2] Abe K, Iwamoto S, Yano H, "Obtaining cellulose Nano fibers with a uniform width of 15 nm from wood", Bio macromolecule, vol.8, pp.3276-3278, 2007.

[3] Esmeralda U.L, Maria Gabriel, Victor Geraldo, Alejandra, "Determination of mechanical properties of Biodegradable Composite made by Pine Resin Corn Fibers and Henequen Fiber" Engineering Material, Vol. 517, pp. 422-429, 2012.

[4] Abdurahim, M. 1986. Wood description. Department of Forestry Agency for Forestry and Development Forest Product Research Development Centre. Bogor Indonesia. Hal 81-87

[5] Rafael Auras, Leong Tak Lim, Susan Em Seiko, Hideto Tsuji, "Poly lactic acid: synthesis, properties and processing application". Willey, ISBN 8780770293669, 2010.

[6] Pandey, K. Raghunatha Reddy, A. Patheep Kumar, P.P Sing, "Degradability of polymer composite from renewable resources" , International journal of Polymer Degradation and Stability, elsivier, vol 88, pp.234-250, 20005

[7] Paul A Fowler, J Mark Hughes, and Robert M Elias, " Bio composites: technology, environmental credentials and market forces". Journal of the Science of Food and Agricultural, vol 86, pp. 1781-1789, 2006.

[8] Suryanegara, L., Nakagaito, A.N., Yano, H. The effect of crystallization of PLA on the thermal and mechanical properties of micro fibrillated cellulose- reinforced PLA composites. Composites science and Technology 69:1187-1192, 2009.

Abstract: Simple and novel spectrophotometric method is described for simultaneous determination of aluminium and iron. The method is based on the metal ions - complexes formed by aluminium and iron with mixed chromogenic reagents of 1, 10 phenanthroline and 8-hydroxyquinoline (oxine). The derivatives have absorption maxima at 400 nm and 510 nm respectively in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as micellar media (surfactant) maintained at pH 5. Reaction conditions were optimized and the linear dynamic ranges for determination of aluminum and iron were found be 0.8 – 12.0 μg/mL and 0.6 – 8.0 μg/mL respectively. The standard deviation (S.D) and coefficient of variation (CV) for the simultaneous determination was 0.018 and 0.45% for aluminium and 0.03 and 1.5% for iron (II). The recoveries were between 102 % and 106 %, 101.2 % and 104 % for aluminium and iron respectively at 95 % confidence level (p≥0.05). The proposed method was successfully applied to the assay of aluminium and iron in rock minerals, lubricating oil and water samples. The results and paired t-test for the analyzed samples were found to be in satisfactory agreement (shows no significant difference) with those acquired by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometric (FAAS) technique.

Keywords: Aluminum, Chromogenic reagents, Iron, Micellar media, spectrophotometry.

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Abstract: The present study aimed to extract and purify the compound of Secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside oligomers (lignan) from flax seed (Linumusitatissimum) and its antioxidant activity. The Lignan was extracted by solvents which gave the best results were ethanol : 1,4 dioxane (1:1, v:v).SDG release after alkaline hydrolysisby using a methanolicNaOH , 20 mM, pH=8 at 50 ºC.followed by using following chromatographic techniques: Liquid-liquid, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, thin layer chromatographic (TLC), high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR) . The EC50 values of Pure lignan extract (9 μg/ml) was shown possess DPPH radical scavenging activity compared to reference substances BHT and vitamin C (EC50= 3 and 4.2 μg/ml) respectively, and this was higher than partial pure lignan component (EC50= 25.5 μg/ml).The total phenolic content of the pure lignanwas higher than partial pure lignan which gave 22.312 and 14.85 g/ml respectively.

Key words: Lignan, flax seed, antioxidant activity, Sephadex LH-20, total phenolic

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[3]. Al-Shemary, A. O. A. (2004). Extraction and purification of lignan compound from flaxseedLinumusitatissimumand study its antimutagenicity on different systems. MSc.A thesis, Baghdad University, Genetic eng. and Biotech.Inst. (in Arabic).
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[10]. Eliasson, C.; Kamal-Eldin, A.; Andersson, R. and Aman, P. 2003 ) ) .High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of secoisolariciresinoldiglucoside and hydroxycinnamic acid glucosides in flaxseed by alkaline extraction. J. Chromatogr. A, 1012: 151-159.

Abstract: Corrosion resistance of mild steel in simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS) Prepared in well water in the absence and presence of polacrylamide (PAA) and Zn2+has been evaluated by weight loss method. It is observed that when PAA is added the corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) increases. As the concentration of PAA increases , inhibition efficiency also increases . Addition of Zn2+ improves of IE further. 50 ppm of PAA has 60% IE . 100 ppm of PAA shows 75% IE. When 50 ppm of Zn2+is added to the above system , both system shows 80% and 90% IE. The mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition have been investigated by polarization study and AC impedance spectra. . Polaraization study suggests that the PAA-Zn2+ system functions as a mixed inhibitor system .AC impedance reveal the presence of a protective film on the metal surface.

Keywords: concrete corrosion , simulated concrete pore solution, mild steel, polyacrylamide.

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Abstract: Three samples of fish, Scomber japonica (titus), Sardinellaeba (sardine) and Merlucciuspolli (fresh stock fish) were collected from Ojo main market in Lagos. Two low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene and anthracene) were determined using high performance liquid chromatography, (HPLC), after extraction with n-hexane by ultrasonication and clean up using SPE cartridges. Heavy metals were determined in the samples using atomic absorption spectrometer, (Perkin Elmer, Analyst 200) after digestion with aqua regia. The fat content was determined gravimetrically. The unsmoked samples had naphthalene range from 0.0788±0.0078 μg/g in Merlucciuspolli to 0.3845±0.0199 μg/g in Scomber japonica. Anthracene levels ranged from 0.4798± 0.0072 μg/g in unsmoked samples of Merlucciuspolli to 1.2254±0.0071 μg/g in Scomber japonica. The low fat containing specie (Merlucciuspolli) accumulated PAHs over the smoking periods, while a decrease was observed in the high fat containing species (Scomber japonica and Sardinellaeba). The highest concentration of Pb (8.65 μg/g), Cu (9.53 μg/g), Fe (201.80 μg/g) and Zn (122.15 μg/g) in the unsmoked fishes were found in unsmoked Scomber japonica while the highest concentration of Cr (13.68 μg/g) and Ni (5.88 μg/g) in the fishes were found in the unsmoked Merlucciuspolli. Cadmium was not detected in all the samples. The low fat containing specie showed increase in heavy metals over the smoking periods, while the high fat containing species also accumulated these heavy metals at 1 hour smoking period, but a decrease was noted over the 2 hours and 3 hours smoking periods. Smoking has effect on the level of these toxicants, as PAHs and heavy metals tend to accumulate on smoking. Smoking appeared to influence toxicants levels the fishes. Levels of the PAHs were higher than the regulatory permissible limits of the World Health Organization. Levels of the toxic metals were within the WHO set permissible limits except for Pb (in unsmoked Scomber japonica), Fe (in Sardinellaeba smoked for 1 and 2 hours, and in Merlucciuspolli smoked for 2 and 3 hours) and Cr (in all the samples).

Keywords: Toxicants, smoked and unsmoked fish, ultrasonication, SPE, HPLC.

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[9]. Silva, B.O., Adetunde, I.T., Oluseyi, T.O., Olayinka, K.O. and Alo, B.I. (2011). Effects of the methods of smoking on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in some locally consumed fishes in Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 5(7): 384-391.

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Abstract: Metabolic cardiovascular syndrome is a combination of factors that augment a person's risk for heart disease, diabetes and stroke. Features of which are obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia [including increased triglycerides and decreased HDL], impaired glucose tolerance, and hypertension. Obesity has the central role in this syndrome. The prevalence of obesity in children has increased dramatically over the last 20 years, leading to higher health risk associated with complications such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.

[1] Moreno LA, Pineda I, Rodriguez G et al. Leptin and metabolic syndrome in obese and non-obese children. Horm Metab Res 2002; 34 : 394-399.
[2] Chu NF, Wang DJ, Shieh SM et al. Plasma leptin concentrations and obesity in relation to insulin resistance syndrome components among school children in Taiwan-The Taipi Children Heart Study. Int J Obesity 2000; 24 : 1265-1271.

Abstract: 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(phenylazo) coumarin (L1)and 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-8-(o-carboxyphenylazo) coumarin (L2) have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Mass spectra. The important infrared (IR) spectral bands corresponding to the active groups in the two ligands and the solid complexes under investigation were studied. Also the important fragments in the ligands and the complexes were done using mass spectra and the main peaks were corresponding to the molecular weights of the ligands and complexes. The solid complexes have been synthesized and studied by elemental and thermal analyses (TG and DTA) as well as by IR, 1H NMR, magnetic measurements, electronic transition, molar conductance, mass spectra and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra. The proposed steriochemical structures for the investigated metal complexes suggest octahedral geometry with respect to Mn, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn metal ions and all of the formed complexes contain coordinated and hydrated water molecules. All of the prepared solid complexes behave as non-electrolytes in chloroform.

Keywords: Synthesis; Transition metal complexes; Spectroscopic; Thermal analysis; molar Conductance; Electron spin resonance; Electronic spectra aPresent address: Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Albeidaa, Libya

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Abstract: A unique anti-inflammatory drug Colchicine has been isolated from a Nigeria medicinal plant called Physostigma venenosium The structure was established using NMR spectroscopy of 1H and 13C, Cosy, and DEPT In combination with IR. The ethanol extract of the plant seed was partitioned to get the chloroform, water, methanol and pet-either fractions. The chloroform fraction, from which colchicines was isolated was discovered to contain the highest number of compounds with wide range of Rf values on TLC result.. The result supports the use of the plant seeds for the treatment of phantom tumor and conjunctival inflammation.

Key words: anti-inflammatory, phantom tumor, physostigma venenosum, isolation.

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Abstract: Water samples were collected from boreholes in the vicinity of public health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, for the evaluation of physicochemical parameters, using standard methods. Water pH from Keana was acidic (6.01 – 6.91), except at Chiata (9.34). pH values at Kuru (10.15) in Toto, Zalli (10.61) in Wamba, MCWC Obi (10.03) at Obi and Jangwa (10.31) in Awe were above the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, so also nitrate contents in Ayele (11.04 mg/l) at Nasarawa, Chiji (12.14 mg/l) in Toto, Karmo (12.14 mg/l) in Toto, Main Market (12.02 mg/l) at Keffi, Sabo Gari (12.04 mg/l) at Keffi, Angiri (12.06 mg/l) in Lafia, Ugah (13.02 mg/l) in Lafia, and Agwa Sule (13.05 mg/l) in Obi. The highest and the lowest conductivity (EC) values were recorded in borehole water from Nasarawa and Kokona respectively, while the highest phosphate content was recorded at Agyemo in Doma. The hardness level of water was highest at Karu and lowest in Doma, while alkalinity at Toto was highest, and lowest in Keffi. TDS, EC, alkalinity and total hardness levels were within the acceptable WHO and Standard Organization of Nigeria (SON) standards for ground water, which suggested that water from the boreholes were safe.

Keywords: Physicochemical properties, borehole, water, health facilities, Nasarawa state

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Abstract: Any substance dangerous to living organisms when either applied internally or externally, destroy the action of vital functions or prevent the continuance of life is known as poison. Cosmetics, medicines, and other household items could lead to a serious poisoning if accidently consumed by children. The home environment is the primary location of most poisonings, with over 90% of reported poisonings occurring at home. Most non-fatal poisonings occur in children younger than six years of age. Paraphenylenediamine (< 4%), resorcinol, propylene glycol, liquid paraffin, cetostearyl alcohol, sodium lauryl sulfate, EDTA sodium, herbal extracts, preservatives, and perfumes. Paraphenylene diamine and resorcinol are known toxicants with multi-organ effects, while the toxicity profiles of others are not known........

Keywords: Cosmetics, Paraphenylenediamine, poisoning

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Abstract: The exploration of electrochemical processes at the interface of rough electrodes plays a pivotal role in advancing various technological applications, including energy storage, corrosion control, and materials synthesis. This study presents a theoretical perspective on the intricate relationship between DC bias admittance and diffusion-limited growth velocity at rough electrodes. The principal challenge in harnessing the potential of rough electrodes lies in customizing their behavior to achieve desired growth rates and control over deposition processes. Understanding the dynamic response of these surfaces under the influence of a DC bias voltage is crucial........

[1]. Smithson, A., Johnson, B., & Brown, C. (2018). Electrochemical Growth Velocity on Rough Electrode Surfaces: Insights from Mathematical Modeling. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 795, 109-117.
[2]. Brown, C., Wang, Q., & Li, X. (2016). DC Bias Effects on Admittance Spectroscopy in Electrochemical Systems. Electrochimica Acta, 211, 180-188.
[3]. Chen, S., Zhang, L., & Kim, J. (2019). Diffusion-Limited Growth Kinetics on Nanostructured Electrode Surfaces. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 123(12), 7410-7417.
[4]. Li, Y., Johnson, M., & Wang, H. (2018). Surface Roughness-Induced Variations in Electrode Kinetics: Implications for Materials Synthesis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6(42), 20694-20702.
[5]. Kant, R., Gupta, A., & Sharma, S. (2020). Local Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (LEIS) for Probing Growth Velocity on Rough Electrodes: Experiments and Modeling. Electrochimica Acta, 348, 136370.