Volume-6 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: A general method was developed for the synthesis of novel unsymmetrical 3, 5-disubstituted 4H-1, 2, 4-triazoles with benzyl group in the 4-ring position (5a-j). A series of novel N-acyl amidrazone derivatives (4a-j) have been synthesized. The chemical structures of newly synthesis zed compounds were characterized by IR, H1NMR,C13NMR and mass. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

Keywords: Acid chlorides-acyl amidrazones, benzyl amine, unsymmetrical 4H-1, 2, 4-triazoles.

[1] PerH.J.Carlsen, kareB.Jorgensen,journal of hetero cyclic chemistry, volume 31,issue 4,pages 805-807.
[2] Pramod kumar,R.H.Udupiu and P.K.Dubey,International Journal of Pharm Tech Research,Vol.1,No.4,pp 1654-1662
[3] Olcay BEKIRCAN, Bahittin KAHVEC,Murat KUC'UK" ,Turk J Chem,30(2006),29-40.
[4] L. Nirmala Devi, Th. Nandita Devi, Kh. Biren Singh and M. Dhaneshwar Singh* , J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 2011, 3(6):631-638
[5] March, Jerry.Advanced organic chemistry reactions, mechanisms and structure, third addition. John wiley&sons,NY,NY.1985,page:370(schotten-baumann reaction)

Abstract: Simple, accurate and precise methods for quantitative determination of four drugs namely viz., Levofloxacin (LEV), Moxifloxacin (MOX), Pseudo Ephidrine (PSE), Torsemide (TOR) have been developed based on oxidation of the drugs by alk.KMno4. Kinetics of the oxidation reaction is followed spectrophotometrically, as one of the reaction product Mn(VI) absorbed 610 nm. Initial rate and fixed time method are used for the construction of calibration curves Beer's Law is obeyed in the range 6.25-37.5 μg ml-1 for LEV; 5-30 μg ml-1 for MOX; 6.25-37.5 μg ml-1 for PSE and 2.5-15 μg ml-1 for TOR. Recovery studies using pure samples and pharmulations in the Beer's Law limits have been carried out. Excellent recoveries indicate the methods are accurate and precise. The methods have been validated in terms of ICH guidelines. Statistical analysis in terms of student's t- test and various f- tests demonstrate high accuracy and precision and suggest the methods can be applied in bulk drug and pharmaceutical industries.

Keywords: Spectrophotometry, Determination, Drugs, KMnO4.

[1]. Neetu sachan1*, phool chandra1, mayank yadav2., simple and validated uv-spectrophotometric method for the estimation oflevofloxacin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms., Int J Pharm Pharm Sci, Vol 4, Suppl 5, 383-385
[2]. Liu, Fang-qun; Lu, Hong., Determination of levofloxacin in human plasma by HPLC.,ZhongnanYaoxue (2012), 10(10), 734-736.
[3]. Cai, Jiayu; Sun, Shumao; Meng, Yongchun; Nan, Kaihui., Determination of levofloxacin hydrochloride in microspheres by HPLC.,ZhongguoXiandaiYingyongYaoxue (2012), 29(5), 437-440.
[4]. Manimala, M.; Ravindra, Reddy K.; Hepcykala, Rani D., Development and validation of novel UV spectrophotometric determination of levofloxacin hemihydrate in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms.,PharmaChemica (2013), 5(1), 47-50.
[5]. Hu, Wei-ping; Wang, Xin; Dong, Xue-zhi; Zhang, Lei; Jiao, Man., Determination of levofloxacin with congo red-malachite green-levofloxacin system by spectrophotometry.,FenxiKexueXuebao (2012), 28(2), 257-260.
[6]. Peixoto Da Silva, Arnaldo; Luna, AdervalSeverino; Costa, Thais Malcher Da Silva; Aucelio, Ricardo Queiroz; Braga, JezWillian Batista; Boque, Ricard; Ferre, Joan., Spectrofluorimetric determination of levofloxacin in pharmaceuticals and in human urine.,International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research (2012), 2(1), 147-158.
[7]. Maryadele.J.O. The Merck Index: An encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs and biologicals, 14th ed. New Jersey:Published by Merck Research Laboratories, Division of Merck and Co.,Inc. Whitehousestation:2001.p.1125.
[8]. British Pharmacopoeia, The Stationary Office Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Substances,London, 2009, 2, 1401
[9]. Wang, Nan; Zhu, Liqin; Zhao, Xuequn; Yang, Wenjie; Sun, He., Improved HPLC method for the determination of moxifloxacin in application to a pharmacokinetics study in patientswith infectious diseases.,ISRN Pharmacology (2013), 462918, 7 pp..
[10]. Abdelaziz, Ahmed A.; Elbanna, Tarek E.; Gamaleldeen, Noha M., Validated microbiological and HPLC methods for the determination of moxifloxacin in pharmaceutical preparations and human plasma.,Brazilian Journal of Microbiology (2012), 43(4), 1291-1301.

Abstract: Some novel nickel(II) complexes with the ligand (z)-4-((2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)diazenyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-3-(2H)-one,GAAP,guiacolazoantipyrine, L having molecular formulae [Ni(L)2X2] and [Ni(L)2(NCS)Cl] where X = Cl-, Br-, NO3- were synthesized and characterized. The elemental analysis, Spectral (IR, UV-Visible, EPR, FAB – mass) studies and thermo gravimetric analysis reveals that the Ni(II) is six coordinated in its complexes. A rhombic symmetry can be tentatively proposed for the complexes. The magnetic susceptibility measurements show that the complexes are paramagnetic in nature. The powder XRD study shows its anisotropic nature.

Keywords: nickel(II), azo dyes, EPR, FAB - mass.

[1] F. A. Cotton and G. Wilkinson, Advanced inorganic chemistry, 6th ed. (New Delhi : Wiley Eastern, 1999).
[2] C. Mercy Raj, Studies on some thiocyanates and selenocyanates complexes, doctoral diss.,University of Kerala, India, 1992.
[3] A.I. Voge, A Text book of quantitative chemical analysis, 5th ed. ( ELBS with Longman, 1996) 461.
[4] K.Ueno and A. E. Martell, Journal of Physical Chemistry, 60, 1956, 1270.
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[7] M. L. Harikumaran Nair, George Mathew and M. R. Sudarsana Kumar, Indian Journal of Chemistry, 44A, 2005, 87.
[8] M. L. Harikumaran Nair and L. Shamla, Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 86, 2009, 137.
[9] M. L. Harikumaran Nair, M. S. Pramila Gladis and A. Sheela, Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 84, 2007, 861-862.
[10] K. Nakamoto, Infrared and raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds, 3rd ed.( New York : Wiley, 1978).

Abstract: Indian cities are facing problem of Biomedical waste management in the wake of urban development. The number of healthcare facilities is increasing day by day resulting in large-scale generation of bio medical waste. It has been observed that inadequate disposal of biomedical waste is creating highly unhygienic environment and posing serious heath threat for inhabitants. Present paper discusses the issue of biomedical waste management from a wider perspective with special emphasis on chemical waste which is one of the most hazardous wastes in present context. Various types of biomedical waste with reference to generation, handling and disposal practices are presented. It includes study and analysis of the parameters which affect the quality of environment to explore their impact on city environments. The current practices of handling such waste is presented based on a study conducted in city of Pune, which is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is aimed to put forth the importance of adequate handling and treatment of biomedical waste with reference to healthy and hygienic living environment for inhabitants to live in.
Keywords: Biomedical, Chemical, Maharashtra, Radioactive, Pune.

[1] Rutala, A.W., Mayhall, G., Medical Waste, Infection Control Hospital Epidemiology, pp. 38-48, 1992.
[2] Arian, D.S., A.M. Asce, J., H. B., Arian, L., Mcmurray, T. D., Hospital Solid Waste Management A Case Study, J. Environ. Eng. Div., August, 741-753, 1980.
[3] www.bbic-network.org.
[4] Pruss, E. Giroult, P. Rushbrook, .Safe management of waste from health-care activities, WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, 1999.
[5] http://www.healthcarewaste.org

Abstract: Some transition metal ions Complexes with 5-({4-amino-2-[(Z)-(2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino] pyrimidin-5-yl} methyl)-2,3,4-trimethoxybenzene were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, Infrared , magnetic moment, electronic spectra , mass spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, molar conductance and thermal analysis (TGA). The complexes have general formulae [ML2.2H2O] {where M = Mn (II), Co (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II), Pd (II) and Pt (II). The coordination behavior of the metal ions towards to the investigated Schiff base takes place through –C=N,-NH2 and –OH groups. The obtained C, H and N elemental analysis data showed the Metal: Ligand ratio is 1:2 [M: L] ratio. The molar conductance data reveal that all the metal complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. From the magnetic moments the complexes are paramagnetic except Zn metal ion complexes have octahedral geometry with coordination number eight. The thermal behavior of these complexes shows that, the hydrated complexes have loses two water molecules and immediately followed by decomposition of the anions and ligand molecules in the second and third stage. The Schiff bases and metal complexes show good activity against some bacteria. The antimicrobial results indicate that, the metal complexes have better antimicrobial activity as compared to the prepared Schiff base.

Keywords: Intrared, Mass spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, TGA/DTA, Anti- microbial activity.

[1] A. Mishra and P. Gupta, Effect Of Chelation On Therapeutic Potential Of Drugs, Synthesis, Structure, Antimicrobial And Insecticidal Activity Of 3d-Metal Complexes Involving Schiff-Bases. J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 3(2), 2011, 150-161. [2] N.Farrel, B.James and R.Ugo, Transition Metal Complexes As Drugs and Chemotherapeutic Agents, 11th Ed., Reidel Kluwer, Academic Press, Dordrecht, 1989.
[3] P. Ossowicz , E. Janus , G. Schroeder and Z. Rozwadowski , Spectroscopic Studies Of Amino Acid Ionic Liquid-Supported Schiff Bases, Molecules. 18,2013,4986-5004. [4] Y. De-Fei, C. Hong-Bo, H. Xiao-Lian, L.Hai-Ning and P. Mei-Li, Synthesis And Properties Of Novel Photochromic Dyads Based On Spiropyrans And Schiff Base Chemical, Journal Of Chinese Universities. 32(10) ,2011, 2301-2305. [5] G.El-Sayed, H. Dessouki and S. Ibrahiem, Removal Of Zn(Ii), Cd(Ii) And Mn(Ii) From Aqueous Solutions By Adsorption On Maize Stalks. Malaysian Journal Of Analytical Sciences, 15(1), 2011, 8–21.

Abstract: Several new complexes of some transition metal ions with organometallic compounds were derived from ferrocencecarboxylaldehyde and 4-amino-2-hydroxy pyridine. These organometallic complexes were investigated by using some analytical techniques like infrared, mass spectra, electronic spectra, electron spin resonance, thermal analysis, magnetic moment, conductivity and antimicrobial activity. From the obtained elemental analysis data, organometallic compounds complexes shows 1:2 [M: L] ratio and general formula of the complex is [ML2.2H2O]. These complexes revealed a non-electrolytic nature. The magnetic moment values of the complexes exhibited the paramagnetic as well as diamagnetic in nature. The coordination behavior of the metal ions towards to the investigated organometallic compounds takes place through >C=N- and –OH groups. The electronic spectral data shows that all the complexes are covalent in nature, octahedral structure with co-ordination number six. Organometallic compound complexes were loses two water molecules subjected to simultaneous thermo gravimetric analysis, to study their decomposition mechanism and thermal stability. Mass spectra of the organometallic compound and their complexes are matched with theoretical values of the masses. The prepared organometallic compounds and their metal complexes were screened for their antibacterial activity against some bacterial species, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus Pyogones. The Antimicrobial activity data show the metal complexes to be more active than the parent organometallic compounds.
Key words: Ferrocencecarboxylaldehyde, 4-Amino-2-Hydroxy Pyridine, Infrared, Mass Spectra, Electronic Spectra, ESR, Thermal Analysis, Conductivity and Antimicrobial Activity.

[1] M.Ayad, S.Sallam and H.Mabrouk, Characterization and thermal behaviour of Cu (II) chelates of Schiff bases derived from aminopyridines. Thermo-Chimica Acta, 189, 1991, 65-73.
[2] H.Temel, U.Cakir and H.Ugras, Synthesis and characterization of Zn (II), Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes with bidentate Schif f base ligands: Complexation studies and the determination of stability constant (Ke)1, Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, 46,2001, 1846-1850.

[3] S. Chang , L. Jones II, C. Wang ,L. Henling and R. Grubbs, Synthesis and Characterization of New Ruthenium-Based Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Coordinated with Bidentate Schiff-Base Ligands Organometallics, 17 (16),1998, 3460–3465.

[4] M. Cifuentes ,C. Powell , M. Humphrey , G. Heath , M.Samoc and B. Luther-Davies, Organometallic Complexes for Nonlinear Optics. 24. Reversible Electrochemical Switching of Nonlinear Absorption, J. Physical chemistry, 105 (42), 2001, 9625–9627.

[5] Z. Chohanand and M. Praveen, Synthesis, characterization, coordination and antibacterial properties of novel asymmetric 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocene-derived Schiff-base ligands and their Co(II), Cu(II) Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes, Applied Organometallic Chemistry, 15(7), 2001, 617–625.

Abstract: Nigella Sativa (N.S.) is an annual herbaceous plant from Ranunculaceae family producing small black seeds with aromatic odor and taste. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) , belongs to the subfamily papilionacae of the family Leguminosae (bean family, Fabaceae). The plant is an aromatic herbaceous annual, widely cultivated in Mediterranean countries and Asia. Aim:- to extract and study the biological active components of fixed oils of N.Sativa and Fenugreek seeds. Materials and methods:Fixed oil of the N.S. and the F.S seeds were extracted and characterized using infrared spectroscopic techniques (Tensor27- PRUKER). Biological activity test was applied on the bacteria (Bacillus pumilus, E.coli, and Pseudo M.). Results: Both studied fixed oils showed identical antimicrobial activity. Conclusion:- this study showed an identical similarity between the active biological components of both studied materials (N.Sativa and Fenugreek seeds) in spite of their different botanical origin, leading to a matched biological activity. This finding may be useful in replacing one herbal seeds instead of the other according to their availability when applying these seeds for their known therapeutic uses.
Keywords: Nigella sativa, fixed oil, Trigonella foenum.

[1]. ALHaj, N.A., Shamsudin, M.N., Alipiah, N.M., & Zamri, H.F. Characterization of Nigella Sativa L. Essential Oil-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. American Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology (2010); 5(1): 52-57.
[2]. El-Hadiyah, T.M., Raza, M., Mohammed, O.Y., & Abdallah, A.A. Evaluation of Nigella sativa Seed Constituents for Their in vivo Toxicity in Mice. Natural Product Sciences (2003); 9(1): 22-27.
[3]. Cheikh-Rouhou, S., Besbes, S., Lognay, G., Blecker, C., Deroanne, C., & Attia, H. Sterol composition of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) and Aleppo pine (Pinus halpensis Mill.) seed oils. J Food Comp Anal (2008); 21(2): 162-168.
[4]. Mehta B.K., Verma M., Gupta M.J. Novel lipid constituents identified in seed of Nigella sativa Linn. Braz Chem Soc (2008); 19 (3): 458-462.
[5]. Bourgou, S., Ksouri, R., Bellila, A., Skandrani, I., Falleh, H., & Marzouk, B. Phenolic composition and biological activities of Tunisian Nigella sativa L. shoots and roots. C R Biol (2008); 331(1): 48-55.

Abstract: A simple, reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for determination of carbinoxamine in human plasma using pargeverine HCl as an internal standard. The procedure involves a simple protein precipitation technique using BDS HYPERSIL C8 (100 x 4.6mm) column. The mobile phase used was acetonitrile: buffer (25mm ammonium formate solution) (80:20). Precipitation was done using acetonitrile and detection was done in MRM mode, using an Electro Spray positive ionization. The ion transition monitored was (m/z) carbinoxamine (Q1 Mass: 291.2; Q3 Mass: 167.1), Internal standard (Q1 Mass: 338.1; Q3 Mass; 167.0). The retention time of carbinoxamine and internal Standard were 1.61 and 1.75 respectively. Method was evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, recovery, sensitivity. The simple extraction procedure and short chromatographic runtime make the method suitable for therapeutic drug monitoring studies.

[1] C.A. Mueller, W. Weinmann, S. Dresen, and A. Schreiber, M.Gergov, Development of a multi-target screening analysis for 301 drugs using a QTrap liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry system and automated library searching. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrum. 19 (2005) 1332-1338.
[2] M. Gergov, I. Ojanpera, and E. Vuori, Simultaneous screening for 238 drugs in blood by liquid chromatography-ion spray tandem mass spectrometry with multiple-reaction monitoring, J. Chromatogr. B Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 795 (2003) 41–53.
[3] J. Esteve-Romero, S. Carda-Broch, M. Gil-Agusti, M.E. Capella-Peiro, and D. Bose. Micellar liquid chromatography for the determination of drug materials in pharmaceutical preparations and biological samples, Trends Anal. Chem. 24 (2005) 75–91.
[4] M. Gil-Agusti, M.E. Capella-Peiro, L. Monferrer-Pons, M.C. Garcia-Alvarez-Coque, and J. Esteve-Romero. Chromatographic analysis of phenethylamine-antihistamine combinations using C8, C18 or cyano columns and micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate-pentanol mixtures. Analyst. 126(4) (2001) 457–464.
[5] J. Araujo, J.F. Boyer, M.L. Probecker. Determination of a mixture of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and carbinoxamine maleate by high performance liquid chromatography, STP Pharma, 4 (1998), 598–602.

Abstract: Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses of sachets water samples in Kano metropolis were carried out using standard procedures to assess the quality of such water consumed in the area. Samples were collected from four different water depots in different parts of Kano metropolis. The results showed variations in the concentrations of the analyzed parameters in the water samples. The pH values ranged from 6.97±0.20 to 7.25±0.33; Electrical Conductivity ranged from 176 ±0.02 to 282±0.25μS/cm; Alkalinity ranged from 0.17±0.02 to 0.69±0.28 mg/l; Total solids were in the range of 100.30±0.25 to 157.34±0.30mg/l. Total Dissolved Solids ranged from 67.80±0.30 to 84.70±0.23mg/l; Total Suspended Solids ranged from 15.60±0.36 to75.84±0.02mg/; Total Hardness ranged from 85.00±0.03 to 103.00±0.20 mg/ and turbidity ranged from 0.60±0.21 to 2.23±0.32 NTU. Escherichia coli (E.coli) were not detected in all the samples. The levels of some of the anions analyzed ranged from 0.03±0.00 mg/l NO2- to 7.06 ±0.02 mg/l SO42-. Similarly, the levels of some of the heavy metals analyzed ranged from 0.12±0.02mg/l Cu to 0.71±0.01mg/l Fe. Accordingly, the water samples were colourless and odourless. In general, the concentrations of all the parameters analyzed in the samples were below or within the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits, indicating that the sachets water were safe for human consumption.
Keywords: Analyses, Physicochemical, bacteriological, sachets water, Kano metropolis.

[1]. J. M. Symons, L. C. Bradley and T. C. Cleveland. The drinking water dictionary, 1998, pp. 76 -166.
[2]. F. Raymond. The Problems of water , E.B and Sons Ltd U.K, 1992, pp.123-126.
[3]. P. K..Goel.Water pollution; causes, effects and control.2nd Edition Macmillan publishers, London, 2006, 154-232.
[4]. A. Dada and D. S. Ntukekpo. Pure water; How safe? Ultimate water technologyand Environment, 1997, p. 5.
[5]. J. N. Nwosu and C. C. Ogueke. Evaluation of sachet water samples in Owerri Metropolis. Nig. Food J..22, 2004, 0189-7241.

Abstract: Soil test1, 2 is necessary to identify optimal concentrations of essential elements required for plant growth. The fertility of soil is affected by the presence of some essential elements as Macronutrients like N, P& K. This study including the status of Macronutrients in the soil and potato plans. The percentage of nitrogen (N) in soil of potato plant was obtained 5.6% and 1.89% where as nitrogen percentage in plant ash was 17.45% and 16.4% respectively. But the phosphorus and potassium are present in adequate amount in soil. As it was found that the concentration of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in part per million in soil of potato was 62ppm and 148.3ppm and in potato plant ash the concentration was 64.23ppm and 103.3ppm respectively.
Keywords: Optimal concentration, essential elements, fertility, macronutrients.

[1]. SoilSamplingandAnalysis:JamesL.Walworthcals.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1412.pdf, Originally published: 2006
[2]. Recommended Soil Tests for Macro and Micronutrients Ann Wolf and Douglas Beegle, Last Revised 10/200.
[3]. Comparison of Laboratory and Quick-test Methods for Forage Nitrate. MacKown and Weik 2004.
[4]. Soil–plant transfer of trace elementsAlinaKabata-Pendias27 February2004.
[5]. The three-dimensional distribution of minerals in potato tubers: Subramanian, Philip J. White, Martin R. Broadley,GavinRamsay,Received September 15, 2010.

Abstract: The mixed ligand complexes of Co (II), Ni (II) and Cu (II) with histidine (His.) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (Qui.) have been synthesized and characterized.The resulting complexes were characterized by vibrational and electronic spectral data, thermogravimetric studies , metal analysis and molar conductance measurements. The histidine acts as tridentate ligand, coordinating through the two nitrogen atoms of imidazole ring and the amino group and carboxylate oxygen whereas 8-hydroxyquinoline shows a bidentate nature and the coordination occurs through nitrogen of imine group and oxygen of phenol group. The experimental data suggest that a mononuclear octahedral structure with general formula [M (His.)(Qui.) H2O ] where M= Co (II), Ni (II) and [Cu (His.)(Qui.)H2O] .H2O, thermo gravimetric studies reveal the presence of coordinated water molecules in all complexes. The molar conductance measurements reveal non-electrolytic nature of complexes.
Keywords: Histidine, 8-hydroxyquinoline, mixed ligand complexes.

[1] R.Carballo , A.Castineiras, B.Covelo , E.G.Martinez and E.M.V. Lopez , Solid state coordination chemistry of mononuclear mixed
ligand complexes of Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with a--hydroxycarboxylic acids and imidazole Polyhedron ,23,2004,1518.
[2] S.Rafique, M. Idrees, A. Nasim,H. Akbar and A. Athar, ,Biotechnol. Mol. Biol. Rev. , 5,2010 ,38.
[3] D.L.Stone, D.K.Smith and A.C.Whitwood, Copper aminoacid complexes towards encapsulated metal centres., Polyhedron
,23,2004,1709.
[4] H.Sigel and D.B.McCormick, Structure of the copper(II)-L-histidine1:2 complex in solution,J.Am.Chem.Soc.,93(8) ,1971, 2041.
[5] M.A.Neelakantan,M. Sundaram and N.M. Sivasankaran, Synthesis,spectral and thermal studies of some transition metal mixed
ligand complexes: Modeling of equilibrium composition and biological activity, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and
Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 79, 2011, 1693.

Abstract: A new series of tetradentate N2O2 acyclic complexes of type [M(L)X2]Xn where M = Mn(II), Cd, Cr(III) and Fe(III); L is tetradentate acyclic Schiff base formed via condensation reaction, and X = Cl-, n=1 for M(III), have been prepared on the basis of condensation of 2,6-diaminopyridine and 1,4-dihydro-quinoxalin-2, 3-dione by template method. The complexes are formulated as: [M(L)Cl]Cl where M=Cr, Fe(III),[MLCl2],MII=Mn, Cd(II) and [VOL]SO4 on the basis of elemental analyses,molar conductance and other spectral data. The organic moiety formed up on template condensation behaves as tetradentate N2O2 system through the two azomethine nitrogen atoms of –C=N- and the participation of O atoms of -C=O in 2-position of pyrazine ring. However, the pyridine nitrogen atom does not take part in coordination as confirmed by FTIR,UV-Visible and H NMR spectroscopy data. The newly template metal complexes have characterized with the help of various spectral techniques H NMR,13C NMR, F.T.I.R, elemental analyses, electronic spectra, molar conductivity measurements and magnetic susceptibilities. The octahedral geometry has been proposed for Cr(III),Fe(III), Mn (II) and Cd(II) while vanadyl complex was square pyramid configuration respectively.
Keywords: Template complex, Quinoxaline-3, 2-dione, Schiff bases.

[1] P. A. Vigato, S. Tamburim coordination chemistry Reviews, pp 1717-2118.(2004) ,248.
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Abstract: Inductively Coupled Plasma – Optimal Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Optima 2000, Perkin Elmer was used to analyze the levels of Mn, Zn, Cu and Pb in samples from roadside soils of four major roads namely; Damboa, Baga, Bama and Kano roads in Maiduguri for possible heavy metals contamination due to anthropogenic activities. The results reveal that the roadside soils Cu levels ranged from 0.21±0.01 mg/kg in Damboa road to 2.51±0.02 mg/kg in Kano road. Pb was only detected in the road side soils of Kano road in the range of 0.03±0.00 to 0.11±0.01mg/kg. Mn levels obtained from this study ranged from 0.47±0.02 mg/kg in Bama road to13.83 ±0.01mg/kg in Baga road. Zn ranged from 0.07±0.02mg/kg in Bama road to 3.68 ±0.02 mg/kg in Damboa road. The concentrations of the heavy metals in the roadside soils were in the order: Mn> Zn > Cu >Pb. Possible accumulation of these heavy metals in the soils and eventually transfer to plants growing along the edges of the highways could occur as a result of continual usage of the roads by automobiles. This can also lead to accumulation of the heavy metals in the tissues of organisms that feed on the plants growing along the edges of the highways which can be transferred to other consumers in the food chain. The results obtained from this study will be used as baseline reference for future studies in the area and its environs.
Keywords: Accumulation, heavy metals, levels, roadsides, soils, transfer, food chain.

[1] J. Bai, B. Cui, Q.Wang, H. Gao, and Q. Ding. Assessment of heavy metal contamination of roadside soils in Southwest China.Stoch.Environ. Res. Risk Ass.2008, DOI 10.1007/s00477-008-0219-5.
[2] M.S. Dauda. Levels of Cadmium and Lead metals in soil sample collected along Abuja Lokoja Road in Gwagwalada Area Council of the Federal Capital Territory F.C.T. Nigeria. J. Sci. 5(5), 1999, 15-21.
[3] X. D. Li, C.S. Poon, and S.L. Pui. Heavy metal Contamination of Urban Soils and Street Dust in Hong Kong. App. Geochem. 16, 2001,1361-1368.
[4] A. A.Adefolalu. Transport and Rural Integrated Development :Proc. of the National Conference on Integrated Rural Dev. Women Dev., 1, 1980, 294-299.
[5] K.I. Sakagami, R. Eamada, and T. Kuroke.. Heavy metal Contents in Dust fall and Soil of the Natural Park for Nature study in Tokoyo. Mitteeilungen der DeutschenBodenkundlichenGessellscalt., 33, 1982, 59- 66.