IOSR-JAGG   Volume-3 ~ Issue-1 ~ JAN-FEB-2015

Abstract:A total of twenty seven (27) vertical electrical soundings (VES) where carried out on the basement complex area of Kumbotso Local Government Area of Kano with a spread of 40m-45m adopted. The results obtained revealed three to four geo-electric layers of the subsurface. The third weathered basement and a forth fractured basement rock constitutes the Aquiferous water bearing layers with resistivity ranges from 6Ωm -265Ωm respectively with average thickness of 19m and 15m respectively. The result shows the weathered regolith to be thicker than the fractured bedrock layer; average depth range of boreholes in the area is between 30m-35m while the average static water levels in dug wells is 8.3m. It is highly recommended that a spread of between 75-85m be used in the future and also the use of EM method to locate deep fractures as important in maximizing the borehole yield.

Keywords: Vertical Electrical Sounding, Weathered regolith, fractured bedrock, Geoelectric, Borehole failure, Schlumberger array, Kumbotso, Kano Stat

Abstract:This Project work involves the investigation of soil at Arawa- Kundulum area in Gombe town of North Eastern Nigeria. The study area is a newly developing part of Gombe town but has been defaced by cracks on buildings, and this calls for appropriate geotechnical investigation of soils of the area. Soil samples were collected from eight (8) different locations within the study area. At each trial pit, four (4) samples were collected at intervals of 0.5m, 1.0m, 1.5m and 2.0m depths below ground level and were investigated for their Geotechnical properties with a view to classifying for their suitability or otherwise for infrastructural development.

Abstract: Landslide is a common phenomenon especially in tectonically fragile and sensitive mountainous terrain which causes damage to both human lives and environment. The complex geological setting of the areas in the mountainous region makes the land highly susceptible to landslides. Hence, landslide susceptibility mapping is an important step towards landslide hazard and risk management. The accurate prediction of the occurrence of the landslide is difficult and in the recent years various models for landslide susceptibility mapping has been presented. GIS is a key factor for the modeling of landslide susceptibility maps. This paper presents the review of ongoing research on various landslide susceptibility mapping techniques in the recent years.

Keywords: Artificial Neural Network , Fuzzy Logic, GIS, Landslide, Susceptibility Mapping, Support Vector Machine

Abstract: The Zaria granite batholith in northern Nigeria is an example of syn-tectonic batholith emplaced about 600 ± 150 Ma, ago during the Pan - African orogeny. Its strain history and strain marker behavior have been studied in order to further elucidate the tectonics of the Pan- African orogeny. Field observations, measurements and different methods of strain estimation were applied on 623 data to determine the strain intensity, direction of maximum elongation (σ3) and compression direction (σ1). The different methods produced strain values between 2.66 and 2.07, maximum elongation took place in the N - S direction while the σ1 (maximum compression) trajectory was oriented E – W, making the direction the least favourable for strain marker (phenocryst and xenolith) growth. Strain partitioning revealed that the N - S direction experienced the highest strain while the NE - SW orientation showed a lower strain value than the NW - SE direction regardless of the number of markers preferring the directions. Xenoliths, faults and joints lend credence to the measured strain results. It would seem that the E - W compression during the Pan - African orogeny was widespread and fairly constant throughout most of the period tracked by the granites.

Keywords: Granite, Strain, Batholith, Pan-African, Phenocryst

Abstract: Centralization in small town is led to functional changes due to increasing Inequality between rural settlement and cities. On the other hand, mentioned changes are different based on distance with urban center. Also, these cities effect germ and parasitic role on rural area according to their structure. The methodology of this study is descriptive –analytic and collecting data is done by documents-library. The data are generally gathered from scientific centre libraries like universities, organizations, institutes and research centers such as management and planning organization and internet, official statistics and censuses, Urban Development Plans By Consulting Engineers, Field Study And So On. Studied Area Is Shandiz & Torqabeh Cities. Infact, Has Been Studied The Effect Mentioned Cities On Hesar Golestan & Hesar Sorkh Villages. In Order To , Was Used From Network Analyzed. On The Other Hand, Was Used From Questioner Tool. Finding Shows, The Relation Between Urban And Rural Area Is Parasitic Theory.

Keyword: Decentralized, Small Towns, Spatial Organization, Rural Settlement, Hesar Sorkh, Hesar Golestan

Abstract: Techniques for delineating faults have been applied to a 3D seismic data acquired over parts of offshore Niger Delta. The volumetric dip and azimuth of the seismic traces was first computed directly from the seismic reflection data. Noise cancellation techniques were then applied to the data to highlight overall structural dip trend. An attribute that highlight seismic discontinuities based on trace-trace similarity was then computed over a user-defined window using the seismic reflectivity and smoothened dip data as input. The dip and similarity volumes reveal a structural framework consisting of a major NE-SW trending lineament separating two zones of contrasting structural styles. In the northern part of the lineament, deformation is compressional, with NNE-SSW to N-S trending thrusts and folds. In the south, deformation is characterized by a network of predominantly NW-SE trending extensional faults. Although the structural trend is clearly evident in the computed dip volumes, estimating multi-trace similarity along structural dips has significantly improved the ability to recognize faults in the data.

Keywords: Niger Delta, 3D seismic data, dip-steering, multi-trace similarity, fault detection

Abstract: Seismic events had been recorded instrumentally and also historically from 1933 to 2011 in Nigeria. These pockets of activities were felt in different parts of the country with the southwest region recorded the highest number of events and moderate magnitudes of between 4 and 4.5. The geology and the structural tectonic setting of the region in question are the probable mechanisms that are responsible for the observed and recorded events in Nigeria. In 2006, the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics Toro, took over the management of the Nigerian National Network of Seismographic Stations (NNNSS) established by the National Agency for Science and Engineering Infrastructure (NASENI). Nowadays, the network comprises of five operational stations equipped with 24-bit 4 - channel data acquisition system and broadband seismometers form the seismicity instrumental network of Nigeria. Effort to increase the number of stations has reached an advance stage. The Centre also intends to modify the monitoring framework to collocate with Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS), Global Positioning System in the exiting five stations and the proposed additional one station.

Keywords: Seismicity Records, Nigeria, Seismographic Stations, Seismographs, Instrumental Records.