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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | NDVI Differencing and Post-classification to Detect Vegetation Changes in Halabja City, Iraq |
| Country | : | Malaysia |
| Authors | : | Jwan Al-doski, Shattri.B Mansor, Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri |
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: | 10.9790/0990-0120110  |
| Downloads : Times | ||
Abstract: This study presents vegetation change detecting in Halabja city, Iraq by using Landsat-5Thematic Mapper images. This city was shelled with chemical weapons on 16 March, 1988. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) image differencing and post–classification techniques were applied. The NDVI was derived first then classified to produce vegetation maps followed by quantifying the changes.The results indicated a drastic decrease in the dense, sparse and moderate vegetation by55%, 7% and 9% respectively. In contrast, the non-vegetation class increased by 5%. This means that, the field and planted areas were at risk of losing vegetation.
Keywords: Vegetation Change, NDVIImage Differencing, Landsat, Post-classification
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | War Impacts Studies Using Remote Sensing |
| Country | : | Malaysia |
| Authors | : | Jwan Al-doski, Shattri B. Mansor, Helmi Zulhaidi Mohd Shafri |
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: | 10.9790/0990-0121115 |
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Abstract: Since 1960, remote sensing satellite imagery reconnaissance has played a significant role in military operations by providing information concerning enemy missiles, troop deployments and military positioning using photographic images from lighter-than-air balloons to aircraft platforms and finally satellite remote sensing imagery with little attention given to broader war impacts. However, besides the war-related uses of such technology, many academic researchers have taken pains to use such advanced technology for examining war impacts. This paper highlights the applications of this technology for detecting war impacts.
Keywords: Satellite Imagery, Remote Sensing, War Impacts
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Petrographic Study of the Sandstones of Eze-Aku Formation (Turonian) in Abaomege, Southern Benue Trough, Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | E. O. Igwe, E. N. Edene, P. N. Obasi |
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: | 10.9790/0990-0121622 |
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Abstract: The Turonian Eze-Aku Formation in the study area uncomformably overlies the Albian Asu-River Group and unconformably underlies the Nkporo Group (Campano-Maastrichtian) in Afikpo Synclinorium. The petrographic study of the sandstones in Abaomege was carried out to determine the provenance, paleoclimate and source area tectonics for the sandstone facies. The lithofacies encountered in the area consist of fine to medium grained calcareous sandstones which correlate the sediments of Turonian Amasiri Sandstone and alternating sequence of light grey to dark grey shales, and siltstone. Petrographic analysis of the sandstone suggests that they are mineralogically mature and are essentially quartz arenites. Analysis and interpretation of sedimentary structures, mostly the cross beds, and also the structures of quartz grains indicates that the sandstones were derived primarily from granitic Basement Complex rocks from the Oban Massif, under humid climate. The paleocurrent plots for the sandstones show bimodal distribution pattern, suggesting a shore environment of deposition.
Keywords: Eze-Aku Formation, sandstones, paleocurrent, provenance, petrography.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | 3-D Seismic Attributes for Reservoir Characterization of "Y" Field Niger Delta, Nigeria. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ajisafe, Y. C., Ako, B. D. |
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: | 10.9790/0990-0122331 |
| Downloads : Times | ||
Abstract: An integrated interpretation of seismic and well log data over "Y" Field in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria was carried out with the aim of characterizing reservoir-rocks using quantitative seismic attributes and petrophysical properties. 3-D seismic sections, composite well logs and check-shot data were used. Calibration of wells to seismic was carried out. Depths and thicknesses of hydrocarbon bearing zones were obtained from correlated wells. Structural maps were used to study the geometry of reservoirs in the field. Well log data showed that the area of study was characterized by sand-shale inter-beds. Three reservoirs were mapped at depth range of 1524 to 1800 m, with thicknesses of 10- 45 m. Porosity of the reservoirs ranged from 30- 40 %, water saturation 30-45 % and hydrocarbon saturation 65- 80 %. Seismic attribute maps revealed presence of hydrocarbons in the identified sands. There was a good correlation between the structural high and zones of anomalous amplitude. It was concluded that seismic attributes could be used to predict reservoir rock properties and characterize reservoir.
Keywords: Hydrocarbon, Petrophysical properties, Reservoir Characterization, Reservoir Rocks, Seismic Attributes.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Hydro geochemical Characterization of Surface Water Sources in Owerri Capital Territory, Southeastern Nigeria |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Akakuru, Obinna C., Maduka, Eric C., Akakuru, Ozioma U. |
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: | 10.9790/0990-0123238 |
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Abstract: The Owerri Capital Territory is predominantly underlain by the Benin Formation (the coastal plain-sands) the major rock types include sands, sandstone, and gravel with clay occurring as lenses. Hydrogeochemical evaluation of surface water sources in the area involved the assessment of the physicochemical and bacteriological analyses. This was achieved through water sample analysis. The result of the analysis revels that Fe2+ , Pb 2+ , SO 42- , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ concentration (mg/l) ranges between 0.08-0.38, 0.03 - 0.09, 3.0 – 4.0, 0.029 - 0.061, 0.06-0.68 respectively. The hydrochemical facie Classification result of the water samples show the predominance of alkali bicarbonate water type (Na+ + K+) - HCO3- that is largely soft and therefore, mostly of acceptable quality for household uses. Surface water sources are predominantly infected with microbial contamination, indicating input of organic (faecal) wastes in the flow system. Water resources development in the area requires elaborate qualitative assessment, to ensure that any necessary pre-use treatment is affected.
Keywords: Hydro geochemical, Pollution, Surface Water, Water Classification.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Chemical weathering of a granite stone sample from the Peruvudaiyaar Koil, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | R. Anu Padma, R. Ramasamy, M. S. Mathews |
|
: | 10.9790/0990-0123953 |
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Abstract: A stone piece from a granite patina of Peruvudaiyaar (Brihadisvara) Temple, Thanjavur is taken and examined its chemical weathering features on its outer surfaces directly under EDAX attached Scanning Electron Microscope. Three grains of feldspars are identified in the piece of granite stone and 29 points were selected on outer surfaces of these 3 grains of feldspar. The analyses were calculated on the basis of 32 (O) ions to study the intensity of insitu weathering of the grains of feldspar. The EDAX analyses show that grain I and II were subjected to extensive leaching of removal weathered products of alumina (kaolinite) and carbonates (bi-carbonates and carbonates) with residual enrichment of silica. This feature is due to direct exposure of the feldspar grain surfaces to differential weathering by direct alternate attack of sunlight and rainfall over a period of one thousand years. On the other hand grain III was subjected to extensive chemical weathering leading to precipitation of kaolinite and carbonate at the expense of silica by slow infiltration of rainwater during this period. The grain III associated with cavity is located at the shadow region of rainfall attack in the granite patina stone piece. Coatings of corrosive resistant paintings may preserve and protect the structure to a certain extent. Keywords: Brahadeeswarar Temple, Chemical weathering, Feldspar, Granite patina, Peruvudaiyaar Temple, Thanjavur
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