IOSR-JAVS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6 ~ July-Aug-2013

ABSTRACT:Background- As is the case with other developing countries of the world, child labour is also a problem in India. Though child labour in the country has been banned by the Supreme Court, the order of the apex court is yet to be implemented in true spirit. It has become a common sight to see a child working in a garage, hotel, and business establishment and under hazardous condition as well throughout the country. Assam is also not an exception in this regard. The present study was done to understand the causes and consequences of child work prevalent in the consciousness of the work force involved in child development and to suggest ways and means to divert erroneous and deeply engraved notions on sociological perspective.

Objectives- To assess the reasons for the exploitation of child labour the nature and magnitude of problems encountered by child labours.

[1]. Basu Mallik (2006) A study report on knowledge attitude practice on child domestic work with ICDS functionaries, Right Track, Kolkata.
[2]. Child Labour in Shillong, Impulse NGO Network Shillong Meghalaya 2004
[3]. Desai, Kiran and Raj, Nikhil 2001, Child labour in the homebased industries in the wake of legislation: the case of Diamond industry of Surat, Centre for social Studies Surat.
[4]. Lakshmi Rani,D and Roy, Manabendra Nath, (2005) Child domestic work : a violation of human right: quantitative analysis of the situation in West Bengal, Sava the children, New Delhi.
[5]. Mohan Jitendra, et al,(1998) Drug abuse among child workers : an exploratory survey, Department of Psychology, Punjab University, Chandigarh
[6]. Sekar,Helan R (2007) Impact of technological change on the demand for child labour in brassware industry of Muradabad, V.V Giri National Labour institute, NOIDA

ABSTRACT: The study examined farmers' perception of priority in oil palm production and processing. The study was carried out in Aniocha South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty oil palm farmers randomly selected from eight communities were sampled. A structured interview schedule was used for data collection, while percentage, frequency count and mean scores were used to summarize data. The findings of the study show that nine priority areas are crucial to increased oil palm production and processing. These are: credit facilities for oil palm farmers, favourable land tenure policy; establishment of agro-chemical and fertilizer companies; building of mechanized processing mills at strategic locations; construction of access roads to palm plantations; providing ready markets for oil palm products; and sponsoring research on high yielding varieties and low-cost processing techniques. The study also found low technology utilization among oil palm farmers. The study recommends that the priority areas identified in this study should guide future efforts of government in revitalizing the oil palm production sub-sector. Also, oil palm farmers should be sensitized by the agricultural extension agency on the need to use improved production technologies.

Key words: Oil palm, priority areas, production technologies, processing technologies

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[4]. Ibitoye, O.O; Akinsorotan, A.O; Meludu, N.T and Ibitoye, B.O. (2011) Factors affecting oil palm production in Ondo State of Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research (JASR) 11(2): 97-105.
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[6]. Omoti, U (2003) Oil palm in Africa: Evolution during the last decade, trends and new challenges. Invited paper, XIV. International Conference: Palm oil: The alternative in oil and fats in Latin America. Cartogena Colombia. 23-26 September.
[7]. Soyebo, K.O; Farinde, A.J; and Dionco-Adetayo, E.D. (2005) Constraints of oil palm production in Ife Central Local Government Area of Osun State, Nigeria. Journal of Social Science. 10(1): 55-59holding time on performance and on residual yolk and liver composition. Poult. Sci., 1993, 72: 1994-1997.

ABSTRACT: occidentalis are economically important, highly valued and threatened freshwater fish species. To contribute to their ecological knowledge the Length-Weight Relationship and changes in the condition factor of A. occidentalis were analyzed from samples collected between May 2008-April 2009, in Lake Akata. A total of 770 fish specimens used for the study were obtained from fishermen operating on Lake Akata. These fishermen use various fishing gears including hand nets, cast nets and gill nets of various standard mesh sizes (20.2, 25.4, and 30.5mm).The aim was to supply basic information on the form of growth of the population of A. occidentalis, as well as to assess changes in the fish condition. The Length-weight relationship of fish was estimated from the equation: . b W  a L which was transformed to base 10 logarithm, and condition factor, (k) was determined using the equation: 3 K 100.W L  The mean weight and standard lengths of A. occidentalis, were 284.6(g)±6.9 and 25.34(cm)±0.36. The growth pattern of both male and femaleA. occidentalisin Lake Akata exhibited negative allometric growth pattern. The Length-Weight relationship equation for male and female of A. occidentalis was described by the equation: were LogW= - 1.1115 + 2.4729 Logl and LogW= - 1.1725 + 2.5029 Logl, respectively. The combined length weight relationship for both sexes was LogW = – 1.5644 + 2.8152 Log L. Fish species in the lake were generally in good condition. The mean condition factor for the combined sexes was 1.53±0.02, but individually, male A. occidentaliswere in better condition (1.53±0.03) compared to the females (1.52±0.03). There were no significant differences between the monthly condition factors of males and females of A. occidentalis (p>0.05). The wet season condition factor of A. occidentalis was higher than dry season values; The seasonal condition factor for A. occidentalis showed that there was no significant differences in the condition factor between dry and wet seasons (p>0.05).Lake Akata is a good environment for growth, reproduction and survival of the fish species.

Keyword: Growth pattern, seasonal condition, A. occidentalis, Lake Akata.

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ABSTRACT: Selection indices are useful in understanding the extent of improvement that can be effected in yield by combination of characters. It forms the basis in considering the correlated characters for higher efficiency in selection for yield. Keeping the above points in view, study on classical selection indices in 34 exotic genotypes of Italian millet carried out for 13 characters during kharif and rabi. Among exotic group of genotypes, GS 462, GS 489 and GS 488 for kharif and GS 462, GS 463 and GS 458 for rabi are to be favoured. In general, the indices, which include more than one character, gave high genetic advance suggesting the utility of selection index for simultaneous improvement of several characters. It was observed that inclusion of characters one by one in the function gave fluctuating changes in the value of genetic advance and relative efficiencies over yield. A selection index of eight characters combination i.e. grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering , plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, ear weight, carotene, 1000 grain weight and crude protein content had recorded high genetic advance and relative efficiency over grain yield per plant alone during kharif where as selection index of nine characters combination i.e. grain yield per plant, days to 50% flowering , plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, ear length, ear weight, 1000 grain weight, crude protein content and calcium content had recorded high genetic advance and relative efficiency over grain yield per plant alone during rabi. These classical selection indices may be given due weightage for simultaneous improvement in the respective groups.

Key words: Italian millet, selection indices, Seteria italica, classical selection

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ABSTRACT: This research was aimed to investigate the blood profile and daily gain of fat-tailed growing rams by substituting dried leaves of Moringa oleifera (MOL) and Samanea saman (SSL) to other ingredients in the concentrate feed. 16 growing rams aged between 6 and 8 months (PI0), average body weight (BW) was 13.83±1.73 kg, were placed randomly in an individual cage. The treatments were P14L0=14% of CP concentrate feed without leaves supplement, P14LM-S=14% of CP concentrate feed with MOL (30%),SSL (10%), P18L0=18% of CP feed concentrates without leaves, P18LM-S=18% of CP feed concentrates with MOL (30%), SSL (10%). The rams were fed a basal diet of maize stover plus the concentrate at 2.5 % and 1.% of body weight on dry matter basis, respectively. Drinking water was available ad libitum. Blood sample was taken from the jugular vein and analysed for blood metabolites profile. The results showed that substituting ingredients with MOL and SSL had no significant effect on feed dry matter digestibility as well as on the blood profile. Nevertheless, the total feed intake and daily weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) as compared to the control diet by 6.5 % and 12.5 %, respectively. The blood profiles of rams i.e.: hemoglobin (8.3 to 9.38 g/dl), leukocyte (47.90 to 68.71/mm3), erythrocytes (4.95 to 5.85 x 106/mm3), blood glucose (53.63 to 56.50 mg/dl), blood urea (19.75 to 24.28 mg/dl), albumin (1.95 to 2.28 g/dl), and globulin (2.73 to 4.10 g/dl) were considered within the normal range suggesting that substituting MOL and SSL did not impair the general health of the rams.

Keywords - supplementation, tree foliages, and blood profile.

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ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted to study the compatibility of copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000) with bacterial and fungal biocontrol agents under in vitro conditions. Bacterial biocontrol agents viz., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis were compatible with copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000) even at a high concentration of 300 ppm. Fungal biocontrol agent, Trichoderma viride was inhibited by copper hydroxide at a concentration above 2500 ppm. The fungal biocontrol agent was highly compatible with the fungicide than the bacterial biocontrol agents.

Key words: Copper hydroxide (Kocide 3000), Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma viride

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ABSTRACT: A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of difference phosphorus fertilizers on growth and nutrient status of soya bean cultivars. The treatments including, three cultivars of soybean (C1=4.7, C2=43355, C3=44NK), the phosphorus fertilizers including (P1=Control no fertilizer,P2=Triple super phosphate, P3=Di ammonium phosphate,P4=Di potassium phosphate, P5=NPK 20:20:20 with some trace elements and P6=NPK 12:36:12 with Mg) each of them applied in 75 Kg P.ha -1 . The factorial experiment was laid out in a complete randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The results indicates that the highest values (23.47 g.pot-112.07 g.pot-1 and 1117.62 kg.ka-1) for shoot dry matter , root dry matter and biological yield respectively were given by the application superphosphate fertilizers in the cultivar 44NK followed by the cultivars 4.7 and 43355 which treated by the PK and NPK (12:36:12) Mg respectively. However the result revealed that the increase in uptake of P with the application of phosphorus over control was 280.49% in case of 44NK cultivar, 255.01 % in case of 4.7 cultivar and 99.75% in case of 43355cultivar. The high values of PUEp (55.556%) and PFE(10.079%) were recorded by the application of superphosphate in 44NK cultivars, while the low values were (4.622% and 0.392%) over control recorded by the application of NPK(20:20:20) trace elements and super phosphate in case of 4.7 and 43355 cultivars respectively.

Keywords: DAP, nutrient status, phosphorus fertilizers, Phosphorus use efficiency, Soybean.

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ABSTRACT: Induction of resistance against plant diseases by seed treatment is simple, cost effective and an efficient strategy for disease management. Aqueous extracts of three plants namely, Duranta repens, Polyalthia longifolia and Parthenium hysterophorus were evaluated for induction of resistance against sorghum downy mildew at 2.5% and 5% concentrations by seed dip method. Seeds were dipped for 3 h, followed by decanting and incubation to obtain sprouts. The sprouts obtained after 42 h incubation were inoculated by dipping in conidial suspension, planted in pots and raised in greenhouse conditions to observe systemic disease incidence. Duranta repens extract at 2.5% and 5% concentrations provided protection of 50.9% and 85% respectively, as against 38.5% protection provided by positive control. Biochemical analysis showed enhanced levels of defence enzymes PAL and POX in plant extract-treated seedlings. Evaluation of 6 solvent fractions of D. repens revealed disease protection by almost all fractions, indicating synergistic effect by various biochemicals. The method is helpful to attain goal of sustainable agriculture with biological and ecological safety. The novel method developed in the present investigation of using weight of seedlings as indicator of health index is effective and more convenient as compared to measurement of root and shoot lengths.

Key words: Downy mildew, Duranta repens, Induction, Organic farming, Sorghum, IAH consortium.

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ABSTRACT: The aim of this work was to evaluate the usefulness of Lactobacillus acidophilus as a potential probiotic in fish farming using C. gariepinus as biological model. The experimental fish were divided into four groups, the first group was fed on diet supplemented with 0.5ml of L. acidophilusand designated as Group A ,the second group was fed on diet supplemented with 1 ml of L. acidophilusand designated as Group B the third group was fed on diet supplemented with 1.5ml of L. acidophilusand designated as Group C and the fourth group was served as control fed on L. acidophilus-free diet. The final weight of the groups that received L. acidophilus were not statistically different with the following mean values 390g, 395g and 400g for Group A ,B and C respectively but the mean weight of the control that does not receive L. acidophilus was 350g which is statistically different from the groups that received L. acidophilus. The result obtained revealed that percentage of fish that survived in the groups fed with L. acidophilus were 84%, 88% and 88% for Group A ,B and C respectively and 72% for the control that was not fed with L. acidophilus the corresponding percentage mortality was calculated to be 16%, 12%,12% and 20 % respectively. The result indicated that percentage mortality was very high in the control group that was not fed with L. acidophilus.This study was able to establish that L. acidophilus could be a good probiotic candidate in fish production because of its ability to enhance growth of C. gariepinus.

Key words: antibiotics, probiotics, , growth, aquaculture, environment

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ABSTRACT: The ecotype cichlid, 'wesafu', as it is commonly called, grows to a massive size of 1.5kg and 414mm total length in the wild, which makes it a fish of great aquacultural importance in Lagos, Nigeria. The study was conducted to evaluate its growth performance and nutrient utilization when reared in hapa. 50 Fingerlings with average weight of 7.73g were allocated into 1m3 m hapa installed in a 0.025ha pond and replicated. Four experimental diets (T1, T2 , T3 and T4) were formulated with crude protein levels of 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% respectively, using a locally fabricated pelletizing machine, with particle sizes of 1.5- 2.0 mm. Fish were fed 3% of their body weight twice daily while samplings were carried out forthnightly. The results showed that fish fed T4 (Crude protein of 45%) recorded the highest growth performance and nutrient utilization. This was followed by T3, T2 while T1 had the least of these indices. No significant difference (P< 0.05) was observed in fish survival and the range was 78.7- 87.8. It showed that final weight gain was significantly higher while FCR was significantly lower in T4 and T3 when compared to T1 and T2. The Food Conversion Ratio was least in T4 and T3 indicating better nutrient utilization. Similarly, protein efficiency was enhanced when the crude protein was increased. There was however no significant (P< 0.05) variation in the growth performance and nutrient utilization between T3 (35%) and T4 (45%) crude protein levels. It can therefore be inferred that the optimum protein requirement for the studied fish ('wesafu') is 35% crude protein. The extra cost incurred on the addition protein (T3 to T4) did not produce any appreciable increase in growth. Feeding above this level will lead to increased cost with little or no proportionate benefit.

Key Words: Growth, Performance, Nutrient utilization, cichlid, 'wesafu'

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[6]. Ecotype Cichlid "Wesafu‟ in Epe Lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 7(1): 105-109.
[7]. Fashina-Bombata, H.A., Hammed, A.M. and Ajepe, R.G. (2006): Food and Feeding Habits of an ecotype Cichlid "Wesafu" from Epe lagoon, Lagos, Nigeria. World Aquaculture 37(1):63-66.
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ABSTRACT: Bamboo is one of the most valuable non-timber products in the world today and it provides livelihood to millions of people in the world. The paper explained bamboo and discussed the morphology of a bamboo plant. It explained the uses and properties of bamboo. The paper also identified impediments to effective utilization of bamboo as a forest product in Nigeria. Some of these impediments include lack of public awareness in the use of bamboo for modern construction work, lack of bamboo research institute, unavailability of technical experts for processing bamboo and government attitude towards bamboo as a forest product. The paper suggests establishment of Bamboo research institute for conducting researches in bamboo and for the production of technical personnel for processing bamboo.

Key words: Bamboo, Morphology, Properties, Structure, Wood industries

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[5] Food and Agricultural Organization (FOA)," Different types of forest." Available online file://c/Documents and forest-1 what is a forets.html. Retrieved on May 20th 2013. [6] Beak Consultants,"Forest reserve situation" Available online at www.for.org/docrep/004/ab578e04.htm assessment in Nigeria. Retrieved on May 31st,2013.
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ABSTRACT: The study was conducted at four villages of Katsina- Ala Local Government Area of Benue State of Nigeria. Measurements were taken on 1378 birds on body linear parameters and weight. The data generated were subjected to discriminant analysis to estimate group statistics, test of equality of group means, canonical correlation coefficients, Wilks' lambda, structure matrix and classification statistics. The high value of canonical correlation coefficients indicated the strength of the models that explained the variation existing between the groups. The significance of the discriminant functions indicated their strength that differentiated between the groups. There were variations in body dimensions between isolated populations of the Tiv Local chicken ecotype. These morphological measurements can be used to increase consistency of individuals in a population and separation of individuals between populations.

Key words: Canonical correlation, Classification statistics and Discriminant function.

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