IOSR-JAVS   Volume-6 ~ Issue-2 ~ NOV-DEC-2013

ABSTRACT:This paper is focused on level of Knowledge and Practice of safety pesticide use among various farmworkers in agricultural field. Certain level of education and experience has contributed significant knowledge on safety use of pesticides which further has to make them to practice correct methods while applying pesticides. But no such practice has been identified which tells the need of special training to implement known safety measures rather than knowing further. Age and gender have not influenced their knowledge and practice on safety use of pesticides. Interestingly, farm workers who are working in closed farms had more knowledge than those of in open farms but both group of workers are practicing only half of the safety measures which are known to them. Hence, they extremely need a motivational programme rather than awareness programme.

Keywords: Pesticide, Knowledge, Practice, Self-reported health symptoms.

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ABSTRACT: Cassava (Dioscorea alata) also known as "ubi"/"uwi" by local people have been used as a food source in the region of Maluku Indonesia. The potential for the cassava proliferation include in Western Southeast Maluku of 5,879 tons, Southeast Maluku of 3,296 tons, Central Maluku of 3,366 tons, Buru of 2,614 tons, West Seram of 1,410 tons, East Seram and Aru Islands of 754 and 671 tons. In general, cassavas Dioscorea alata in Maluku are only sold in the form of a pile at a price of between Rp 5000-10000 per stack and then processed in a simple method such making boiled-cassava or compote with sweet coconut milk, etc. One potential development effort is processing the cassavas Dioscorea alata pasta to produce "dodol". In relation to the making "dodol", the purpose of this activity was to determine the effect of the proportion of cassava pasta Dioscorea alata and brown sugar concentration on the quality and consumer acceptance to the products of Dioscorea alata "dodol". This study was conducted in Kamarian village, Sub-district of Kairatu, West Seram, Post-Harvest Institute for Agricultural Technology Laboratory Maluku and Center of Industry Ambon within January to December 2012. The study was designed by using a complete randomized design (CRD) with 2 factorial replications by using 2 factors. Factor 1 is the concentration of sugar (5 %, 10 %, 15 %) and factor 2 is the proportion of cassava pasta and glutinous rice flour (80:20 %, 70:30 %, 60:40 %). The data were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test with the confidence level of 5 %, while the organoleptic test results were gathered by using the Hedonic Scale observation. Research results revealed that the best treatment of Dioscorea alata "dodol" was with the proportion of cassava pasta : glutinous rice flour of (80:20 %) with brown sugar 15% concentration has a water content of 24.29 %, carbohydrate content of 63.45 %, protein content of 4.38 %, fat content of 5.41 %, ash of 0.41 %, and rough fiber 1.51 %, while the best treatment based on organoleptic has color assessment 3.85 (rather favorable), the aroma of 3.56 (rather favorable), taste of 3.60 (rather favorable), and texture (rather favorable), elasticity of 3.80 (rather favorable) and overall acceptance of 3.53 (rather favorable).

Keywords: brown sugar concentration, cassava pasta, dioscorea "dodol", pasta proportion,

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ABSTRACT:Vegetables can be vehicles for transmitting E. coli O157 to humans; therefore this study was carried out in order to investigate the presence of this strain of Enterohemorrhagic E.coli in different kinds of vegetables as well as vegetable salads served inrestaurants and cafeteria of Duhok city. A total of 200 samples of vegetables namely cucumber, seleq, lettuce, green onion, parsley, tomato, cabbage, carrot, green paper and corgette were collected from retail stores and 55 samples of vegetable salads collected from restaurants and cafeteria.E .coli was isolated in 39 (19.5%) vegetable samples being highest (90%) in parsley and lowest (10%) in tomato but no E. coli O157 was detected in all vegetable samples. E. coli was isolated in 18 (32%) vegetable salads being highest (80%) in the salads of cafeteria and lowest (22.2%) in the salads of restaurants. E. coli O157 was not detected among all isolated E. coli. Conclusion: E. coli O157 is very rare in our area but further studies are required to cover more numbers of samples and to investigate non-O157 shiga-toxin producing E.coli.

Key words: E.coli O157, vegetables

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ABSTRACT: The disposal of these wastes has been a major concern for the farmers as well as economist. However these wastes contain bio degradable organic and mineral constituents which are of plant origin which can be better utilized for composting. Composting was prepared by chaffed cotton stalks and farm wastes, enrichment with other additives. Enriched compost was prepared using additives like urea, single super phosphate and during the termination of compost zinc, iron, copper and manganese were used. The result reveled that there was a reduction in C:N ratio, reduction in lignin content and total phenol during the composting period compare to original raw material and with increase in other nutrients during the period of composting period.

Key words: cotton stalk, enriched, crop residues

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ABSTRACT:Present study was conducted during 2010- 2012 dealing with the exploration of carabid fauna and study of their systematic from district Poonch of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. Carabid beetles were collected with the help of pitfall traps and identified up to specie level with the help of available literature. We identified five species under three genera belonging to 3 sub-families. These sub families are Licininae, Carabinae, Brachininae and the species are Carabus caschmirensis, Chlaenius quadricolar, Pheropsophus sobrinus, Chlaenius laticollis, and Chlaenius hamifer. Carabus cashmirensis was the most abundant species. It was followed by Chlaenius quadricolar, Pheropsophus sobrinus, Chlaenius laticollis, and Chlenius hamifer.

Key words: Abundant, Bio-indicator, Carabidae, Poonch, Systematics

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ABSTRACT:A total of 41 sorbitol non fermentative E. coli from previous work were used in this study. Among these isolates 5 were positive serologically by anti-O157 serum. All isolates were tested by PCR technique. No E. coli O157 were detected in all isolates by PCR. The results revealed that gene based method such as PCR technique is more reliable than biochemical and serological tests for diagnosis of E. coli O157.

Key words: Non sorbitol fermentative E. coli, PCR

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ABSTRACT:Brontispa longissima variety of celebensisis considered an important pest on coconut trees. Basic information such as the biology and the life table of the species is extremely important in the effort to control its attack. The life table of B. longissima variety of celebensis on Mapanget Tall Coconut (MTC) and Brown Dwarf Coconut (BDC) can be examined in laboratory. The study aimed at examining the biology and the life table of B. longissima variety of celebensis on MTC and BDC. The study was conducted at Entomology Laboratory of Indonesia Palmae Research Institute, Manado, from June to November 2012. The parameters examined during the study consisted of the followings: 1) the development period from larvae of each instar into adult, 2) the longevity of adult, and 3) the number of eggs laid. The results of the study show that the young leaves of DMT are more suitable to support the life of B. longissima variety of celebensis compared to the young leaves of GRA, and this could be seen from the shorter immature development periods, the higher number of eggs laid, and the longevity of adult. B. longissima variety of celebensisis more suitable to live and grow on the young leaves of DMT than on the young leaves of GRA. This could be seen from the average rm value which was higher on DMT leaves, that was 0.123 individual per adult per day, and mean generation time (T) which was 35.28 days, as compared to the rm value on GRA leaves, that was 0.108 individual per adult per day, and mean generation time (T) which was 39.61. The rm value shows the suitability of the host plants to increase the population of arthropods by considering the development periods, fecundity, longevity, survivorship, and sex ratio.

Keywords: life table, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), B. longissima, DMT, MTC

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ABSTRACT: The rate and intensity of land use/land cover (LU/LC) change has increased considerably during the past couple of decades. Mining brings significant alterations in LU/LC specifically due to its impact on forests. Parts of Central India are well endowed with both forests and minerals. Here, the conflict between human interests and nature has intensified over time. Monitoring and assessment of such conflicts are important for land management and policy making. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System have the potential to serve as accurate tools for environmental monitoring. The changing rules of the landscape elements and their distribution in Jamuna Kotma coal mining area are analyzed by means of topomap (1973) and remote sensing images obtained in, 2000, 2009. Using support vector machine classification method, it can be classified into six land-use types: water, agriculture, Forest, mining, settlement and waste land. In 1973 forest area was 174 sq. km. while in 2000 it reduced 96 sq. km. and in 2009 forest area were left only 68 sq. km. Water bodies have increase due to the mining activities. In 2000 mining area was 47 sq km. and in 2009 mining area had increased up to 64 sq km. Agriculture land had been reduced from 167 sq. km. (1973) to 110 sq. km. (2000) to 88 sq. km (2009). Waste lands have been continuously increasing since 1973 (26 sq km) to 2000 (81sq km) to 2009 (93 sq km).

Keywords: Land use, Land cover, Change Detection

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ABSTRACT:The study of the prevalence of porcine coccidiosis in Ganye Local Government Area Adamawa State indicate that Eimeria perminuta , Eimeria Scabra, Isospora Suis , Eimeria Spinosa, Eimeria debliecki ,Eimeria Polita and Eimeria Porci were the commonest Coccidian Oocysts encountered with prevalence rates of 63.9%,21.3%,10.6%, 12.8%, 4.3%,4.3% and 6.4% respectively. However, the prevalence of Eimeria perminuta was significantly more (p<0.05) compared to all other species encountered in the study area .Of the 130 pigs examined a prevalence of 36.2% was recorded. Female pigs also had a significantly higher rate of infection (p<0.05) (57.5%) compared to the male pigs (42.6%). Also young pigs were significantly higher (p<0.05) in August (50%) as compared to the months of September and October with prevalence rate of 33.3% and 26.7%. Eimeria Scabra was the largest oocysts with the size of 32.0 x 22.0nm, while the smallest oocyst was that of Eimeria perminuta with 13.5x11.5nm.

Keywords: Porcine coccidiosis, Prevalence, Disease, Specie, Season, Infection

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ABSTRACT:This study was carried out on the rancidity situation of fish sold in Mubi markets, Adamawa State Nigeria. Standard methods were used in data accumulation. Fish market at Mubi was visited during the month of July and August and the smoked, dead, dried and frozen fish were sampled and analyzed for peroxide value. There was low association between the smoke and dead Clarias and Tilapia and between the dried and frozen fish (Mormyrus rume and mackerel) sold in the markets in the month of July. Though the paired t-test value of t= 10.524 df = 1, P = 0.051 was recorded of smoke and dead fish and t= -11.211 df=1 was recorded for dried and frozen fish. The association between the peroxide values of smoked and dead fish sold in the market in the month of August was r=0.8, P=0.001 and frozen r=0.57 P=0.01 and the paired t-test association if t= -13.285 P= 0.001 shows a significant difference. The smoked and dead fish have correlation value of r=0.7 P=0.01 with t-value of t=-10.54, P=0.10 showing a significant difference between their peroxide value. There was correlation r= 0.6 between the smoked and dead fish with t-value of t= 28.08, P = 0.028 showing a significant difference between peroxide values of Clarias in the market. The dried and frozen fish peroxide values were not significantly different as well as the smoke and dead fish. The same relationships were recorded for smoked and dead Clarias and Tilapia, dried Mormyrus rume and frozen Mackerel. Based on the result of this study peroxide values varied with fish species and size. The dead fish had higher values than those processed. The health problems associated with rancid fish are highlighted.

Keywords: Rancidity, Peroxide, Fish, Frozen, Dead, Market

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ABSTRACT:The study assessed the utilization of Agro-chemicals among small scale farmers in Guyuk Local Government Area of Adamawa State. Ninety five (95) respondents were selected using multi-stage, purposive and random sampling techniques. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows the distribution of respondents according to their age, 12.63% are less than 20 years, 13.68% are within the age of 21 to 30 years, 14.738% 31 to 40, years, 16.84% 41 to 50 years, 21.05% ranging between 51-60 years while 21.0% of them are 60 year and above. It shows that the majority of the farmers fall within the age of 51 to 60 years. The gender distribution of the farmers shows that 68.42% of the respondents were male while 31.78% are female.

Keywords: Farmers, Utilization, Agro-chemicals, Assessment, Small scale, Production

[1]. Adamawa State Diary (1999). Ministry of Information, Yola, Adamawa, Nigeria
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[6]. Andrew, W. (2008). http:top six all head in (2008) agrow (539: 3. March 14, 2008. Retrieved 18th Dec. 2011
[7]. Ajayi,A.O (2006). A Study of occupational safety practices among rural Farmers in Ile-Ife area of Ogun State, Nigeria. An emphasis on relevant training needs Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences 2(5): 227-235

ABSTRACT:The speciation of metals in environmental samples is a vital factor in assessing the potential environmental impacts. Fractionation of heavy metals in soils is needed to predict elemental mobility in soil and phytoavailability to plants. A study was conducted to determine the effect of cow manure on Fe, Mn and Zn availability and their redistribution among soil fractions. Chemical properties such as pH, EC, CEC and Lime of concerned soils are also analyzed. A soil was selected from agricultural soil in sistan va baluchestan, southeast Iran and amended with 0, 1 and 5% of Cow Manure (CM) with three triplications and incubated at 60% of field moisture. The amounts of Fe, Mn and Zn were determined from the soil after 4 months of incubation time using sequential extraction procedures. Tessier method was exerted to decompose the metal content into exchangeable (EXC), bond to carbonates (CAR), bound to Fe-Mn oxides (Oxids), bound to organic matter (OM) fractions and Residual (RES) fraction was determined in aqua regia digest. Results of these analysis showed that the concentrations of Fe and Mn decreased mainly in the carbonate-bound and residual fractions but increased in the exchangeable, Fe-Mn oxide and organic matter-bound fractions with cow manure application. It was concluded that cow manure was the most effective in immobilizing Zn. The application of Cow Manure (CM) levels significantly decreases the exchangeable, carbonate-bound and residual fractions (P < 0.05) of Zn and increased in the Fe-Mn oxide and organic matter-bound fractions.

Keywords: Fractionation, micronutrients, Mobility, Organic matter, Sequential Extraction.

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