IOSR-JEF   Volume-11 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – June 2020

Abstract: Testing for price transmission and calculating elasticities of price transmission are of great importance in applied economics. The relationship between farm-gate and retail prices provides insights into marketing efficiency as well as consumer and producer welfare. National average monthly price data for raw milk and pasteurized milk from January 2006 to December 2015 was used for the study. The time series data was obtained from Kenya Dairy Board statistical bulletins. To determine the nature of price transmission, Threshold Autoregression model (TAR) and Momentum Threshold Autoregression model (M-TAR) were used. The summary statistics indicated that retail.......

Abstract: Human capital generates economic growth via productivity is proved by both theoretically and empirically, however, failing to comprehend that fact the government of some countries prioritize other areas over human capital and tend to invest less on education. This study attempts to measure the education led productivity gap in Bangladesh and some selected countries to notify the policymakers of the risk to stability and prosperity posed by the underinvestment in education. Applying the World Bank's new approach of preparing the Human capital index, this study found that Bangladesh enjoys 55% of productivity relative to the benchmark of a complete education. Among Southeast Asian countries, Sri Lanka is doing better than Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, but not up to the level of Japan, Singapore, and Thailand. Generally, countries with better economic growth can enjoy higher education led productivity than economically weak countries......

Key words: Education, Productivity and Economic Growth

Abstract: Nigeria which share boundaries with Benin, Niger and Cameroon closed all of its land borders in order to ensure total control over what comes into the country in October 2019. That was not a first instance action. It happened in 1984, 2003 and the banning of barley import in 1987, by the then Military Authority. The action boosted the government's revenue as more duties were collected on the increased volume of goods that entered the country legally through the ports, but the fall in supply of rice led to food price inflation that impacted strongly negatively on Nigerian consumers. Also the closure was in breach of the protocol on the movement of goods, services and people established by the Economic Community of West African States. The action came just two months after the country signed the African Continental Free Trade Area, which aims to remove barriers to trade and promote the free flow of goods, service and people across the continent. Using Neo-mercantilism theoretical...

Keywords: Nigeria, Border-closure, ECOWAS, Africa, Neo-mercantilism

Abstract: The corona virus which is communal disease spread in the year 2019 due to this there was a world wide lock down. This article is about how the COVID-19 cause lock down is going to impact the world economy

Abstract: This paper explores the Granger causality test and the bivariate as well as the multivariate co-integration test to determine the interactions between interest rates, exchange rates, and the composite stock volatilities of different traded contracts under the Chicago Board Options and Exchange. Using the daily sector data for all observed variables from the St.Louis Fed over the period of 2007-2017 and introducing the method of simple vector autoregression, this study examines various aspects of the integration where the current and the previous values of volatility indices, interest rates, and exchange rates have shown significant Granger causality effects to the return behavior of those volatility indices, interest rates, and exchange rates. The estimated result indicates that, under the absence of any long-run relationships, interest rates have more unidirectional and bi-directional causal effects with the stock market volatility indices than in comparison with the exchange rates, whereasboth are identified as significant determinants of stock price volatility.

Keywords: Stock Volatility, Granger Causality, Exchange Rate, and Interest Rate. JEL category: JEL: C21, C22

Abstract: Background: Kenya has relied so much on foreign debt to finance its fiscal budget. To date, this dependence on external resources has become entrenched in the funding of government projects and operations in the country which has led to an increase in the stock of foreign debt, raising concerns of its sustainability among policymakers and economists. On the other hand, Kenya's capital flows inflows have been on the decline in the past five years. This is despite the rise in capital inflows in other East African Community (EAC) countries. This has caught the attention of Kenya's administration which has pledged to increase the Nation's competitiveness. The soaring external debt and the drop in capital inflows in the last five years was the source of motivation for this study, with the main objective being: to investigate the effect of foreign capital flows on external debt in Kenya......

Key Words: Foreign Capital Flows; External Debt; Foreign Direct Investment, Reserve Asset, Foreign Portfolio Investment, ARDL