IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2019

Abstract: Curd is a natural and healing food which prevents from numerous enteric diseases. It contains lactic acid bacteria and a perfect balance of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and water. Curd boosts the immune system and enhances stamina. It strengthens natural immunity by stimulation of mucosal and systemic host immunity. Further it activates macrophages, enhances the level of immunoglobulins, natural killer cell activities and cytokines in the host body. A good number of studies have been published on the effects of curd on human health. The benefits of curd in maintaining health, treatment of disease and management have been investigated in animal models and human subjects. Some studies have proved that curd is effective in the treatment of AIDS, cancer, diabetes, insomnia and hepatic diseases. Although clinical research has progressed, more clinical evidences are needed to establish the efficacy and limitations of curd in the treatment of various diseases. It is important to resolve whether curd is superior to the existing therapies.

Keywords: Curd, probiotics, diseases, immunity, lactic acid bacteria

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Abstract: Introduction: House provides a physical framework in which human, social, economic and cultural resources are realized, enriched and integrated. In the traditional African setting, a house is one of the greatly cherished material properties. This is partly due to other vital cultural functions of houses which include protection of family cohesion and values, taking care of aged through extended family system, properties for inheritance and preservation of ancestral values among others. In developing countries such as Nigeria, the major factors that cause morbidity and mortality are traceable to factors arising from poor environmental sanitation. Poor housing sanitation, coupled with rapid increase in population in the urban and rural centers have encouraged the preponderance of various health.......

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Abstract: In the absence of pressure gradients, conditions prevalent in the batch experiments, gas –phase diffusion dominates migration of volatile pollutants in the unsaturated zone. Gas –phase diffusion in the unsaturated zone is affected by partitioning into soil-water, onto air-water and into or onto solid. The process spreads only the contaminants in the gas phase where contaminants with low mass fraction fa in the soil gas diffuse more slowly depending on the soil and chemical properties on the diffusing substance. This study shows Non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPL) compounds with higher mass fraction (Isooctane (0.82), n-hexane (0.78), methylcyclopentane (0.54)) diffuse to a longer distance (1.75m, 1.30m, 1.50m) than those with low mass fraction (toluene (0.04), m-xylene (0.04),........

Keywords: Non-aqueous phase liquids, Diffusion, VOCs, Unsaturated zone, Mass fraction

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Abstract: Egusi is an important soup condiment in many parts of Nigeria. It is infected with many storage fungi especially aflatoxigenic species of Aspergillus flavus whichproduces carcinogenic aflatoxins. However, information on AC in egusi is limited in Nigeria.Therefore, incidence of storage fungi, toxigenicityof A. flavus isolates and AC in Egusi kernels (EK) from southwestern Nigeria were investigated. One major Egusi market in each of the six southwestern states was purposively selected during the wet season (July-August). Traders in each market were listed and three traders were selected by simple random sampling. Egusi kernels (≈½kg, n=162) were purchased twice in two years from selected traders and taken to the laboratory for fungi isolation, identification and aflatoxin analysis. Aflatoxin concentration (μg kg-1) in EK samples and Aspergillus isolates (n=1003) toxigenicity were determined,........

Keywords: Aspergillus flavus, toxigenicity, postharvest fungi, aflatoxin, egusi, aflatoxigenic

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Abstract: Egusi is infected with many fungi including Aspergillus which produces aflatoxin in crops before or after harvest and during storage. Field infection of Aspergillus has not been reported in Nigerian egusi, yet stored egusi have aflatoxin contamination (AC) problem. This study was undertaken to assess fungi invasion and aflatoxin formation periods in egusi and determine critical stage in egusi value chain when AC occurs and hence apply adequate control measures. Freshly harvested egusi seeds/kernels 3kg each were evaluated for fungi contamination and AC under laboratory shelf storage for 24 weeks. Subsamples (20g) were bi-weekly and analysed for aflatoxins (μgkg-1) at sampling and after poor storage using standard analytical procedures. Fungi isolation and identification.......

Keywords: Aflatoxin formation, Aspergillus contamination, egusi seed, poor storage

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Abstract: Production of extruded snacks from different blends of low grade milled rice and cowpea flours was conducted and extrusion parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and desirability function. A 3-factor, 5-levels central composite rotatable design was employed to determine the effect of the process parameters, namely temperature (100-140oC), feed moisture (15-25%) and cowpea composition (8-24%) on colour indices and consumer acceptability. Total of 20 extrusion experiments were performed and data fitted to a second-order polynomial equation through regression analysis. Results showed satisfactory fit of the data with.......

Keywords: Rice, extrusion, RSM, optimization, snacks, colour, acceptability

[1]. Adeyanju, J.A., Olajide, J.O. and Adedeji, A.A. (2016) Development of Optimum Operating Conditions for Quality Attributes in Deep-Fat Frying of Dodo Produced from Plantain Using Response Surface Methodology. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 7, 1423-1433.
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Abstract: Knowledge of downward atmospheric radiation in the range λ= 4–100 μm is vital for several applications. In this study, longwave (LW) radiation datafrom desert (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) and Mediterranean (Adelaide, Australia) climates are used to characterize seasonal and daily variations. At both sites, the LW radiation shows a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter. The monthly changes in the LW radiation were about 22% for Adelaide, and 36% for Riyadh. When considering these seasonal variations, it was found that during winter and summer, the variations inLW radiation were confined to between 2% and 4%. However, during the transition seasons (spring and autumn) the LW radiation varies considerably. In Adelaide, spring and autumn change by about 8% and 10% respectively. In Riyadh, the LW radiation varies by about 12% in both seasons.......

Keywords: Meteorology; Longwave Radiation; Climate; PWV; Screen temperature; monthly variations; daily variations.

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Abstract: Unwise growth and development of Kolkata is leading the city towards a typical health crisis. The bio-physical environment of city is degrading very quickly because continuous diagonal subsurface flow is increasing the amount of soluble sediment, silt and clay along with huge amount of minerals. Thus these sub surface flow has generated voids and tunnels in the sub surface condition which are prominent in the either side of river Ganga and the either side of Adi-Ganga channel and Bag-jola canal. All these water bodies are carrying huge amount of coli form bacteria. When such polluted water is entering the sub surface voids and tunnels, they are containing ground eater. When coli form containing water entering sub surface voids, they are contaminating ground water and by this way diarrhea like disease are spreading..............

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Abstract: Heavy metals such as; Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Cadmium (Cd), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu) and Vanadium (V) were assessed in water, sediment and crab (Callinectesamnicola) from three stations along Ijala creek. The creeks receive effluents discharges from industrial activities and few human settlements within the area.Samples of water, sediments and crab (Callinectesamnicola) were processed and analysed for heavy metals using various analytical techniques. The results showed thatthe heavy metal contaminationin sediments is more than that of the crabs andthe crabs accumulate these metals more than the water. Cadmium had the highest Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) when compared with the Biological.......

Keywords: Pollution, Heavy metal, Ijala creek, Water, Sediment and Crab, Contamination.

[1]. Akan, J.C, Abdulrahman, F.I, Sodipo, O.A, Ochanya, A.E and Askira, Y.K (2010). Heavy metals in sediments from River Ngada,Maiduguri Metropolis, Borno State. NigeriaJournal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology9:131-140.
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Abstract: Agricultural techniques in the past were environmentally friendly, but they did not yield as much crop as they do now. That should suffice for those folks, given the lower population. Those farmers were once regarded as gods, but this is no longer the case. Only governments respect farmers, and only for those who are citizens of their state or country. Even farmer's families do not appreciate farmers if they have a low income or if their occupation is disrespectful to farmers, but they do not realise that without farmers, survival in this planet is unimaginable. If we look closely, we can see that farmers are being discouraged by this compelled community on a daily basis, and we can see that their viewpoint is based on their experience as well as their emphasis. Indian agriculture is generally.......

Keyword: Agricultural, Farmer, Indian, Lack land, Population.

[1]. News Gram News desk, author to News gram
[2]. SK Goyal, Prabha, jai P. Rai and shree Ram Singh(Banaras Hindu University)
[3]. www.byjus.com
[4]. www.toppr.com
[5]. www.indiatoday.com
[6]. www.ruralmarkting.in.