IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-13 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2019

Abstract: Introduction: Traditionally fermented cottage cheeses are ready-to-eat (RTE) food products that do not undergo any further treatment to ensure their safety before consumption and as such, contamination of cottage cheese "wara" may occur from the equipment used in the production of "wara" and from the environment where it is being produced. The purpose of this research was to determine the hygiene level of microbial contamination of traditionally fermented white and red cottage cheese in Ilorin metropolis. Methodology: Forty (40) traditionally fermented white and red cottage cheese were randomly collected from ten (10) selected markets in Ilorin Metropolis. Four (4) cheeses were collected per market in the proportion of two (2) white and two (2) red cheese. The samples collected were cultured on four culture media (Mackonkey Agar, Mannitol Salt Agar, Potato Dextrose........

[1]. Adetunji VO, Chen J (2011). Effect of temperature and modified vacuum packaging on microbial quality of wara a West African soft cheese. Research Journal of Microbioogy. 6(4):402- 409.
[2]. Balaban N, Rasooly A (2000). Staphylococcal enterotoxins. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 61(1):1-10.
[3]. Bamidele R (2006). Developments and microbiological applications in African foods-emphasis on Nigerian wara cheese. Nigerian food journal, 24(1):13-17.
[4]. Chikpah SK, Teye GA, Teye M, Mawuli FF (2014). Effects of different concentrations of fresh and dried Calotropis procera (Sodom apple) extract on cow milk coagulating time, cheese yield and organoleptic properties of West African soft cheese (WAGASHIE). European Scientific Journal, 10 (27):317-326.
[5]. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2007). The community summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents, antimicrobial resistance and foodborne outbreaks in the European Union in 2006. The EFSA Journal, 130, 10-310..

Abstract: National and international policies in the field of environmental protection aim to regulate and control the activity and behavior of man in relation to the environment and the natural environment in which he lives. The activities that lead to imbalance in the ecological environment and affect the nature of the climate and its negative changes are aimed at. Preserving the elements of the environment and climate balance

.................

Abstract: Humic Substances (HS), in addition to providing nutrients to plants, stimulate plant growth, especially due to changes in architecture and root growth, and can increase plant productivity. The interest in the use of HS as agents promoting plant growth has been increasing due to the benefits associated with the physical and chemical structure of the soil, as well as for plant metabolism. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the HS from peat on the promotion of coriander root growth (Coriandrum sativum L.). For this, coriander seeds were distributed in germination boxes (Germibox), maintained in a twinning chamber type B.O.D (Biochemical Oxigen Demand.........

[1]. GUERRA, J.G.M. et al. Macromoléculas e substâncias húmicas. In: Fundamentos da matéria orgânica do solo: ecossistemas tropicais e subtropicais. 2.ed. Porto Alegre: Metrópole, p. 19-25, 2008.
[2]. FAÇANHA, Arnoldo Rocha et al. Bioatividade de ácidos húmicos: efeitos sobre o desenvolvimento radicular e sobre a bomba de prótons da membrana plasmática. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 37, n. 9, p. 1301-1310, 2002.
[3]. Zandonadi, D. B., Santos, M. P., Busato, J. G., Peres, L. E. P., & Façanha, A. R. (2013). Plant physiology as affected by humified organic matter. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, 25(1), 13-25.
[4]. IHSS - INTERNATIONAL HUMIC SUBSTANCES SOCIETY (2014) Products. Disponível em: <http://www.ihss.gatech.edu/products.html>. Acessado em: 15 de dezembro de 2017.
[5]. CANELLAS, L. P. et al. Bioatividade de substâncias húmicas–ação sobre o desenvolvimento e metabolismo das plantas. Humosfera: tratado preliminar sobre a química das substâncias húmicas. Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, p. 238-239, 2005.

Abstract: Both aspartame (ASP) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) are added to many food stuffs, hence any meal may contain both of them, so their harmful effects should be studied together. Evidences of ASP nephrotoxic effect have increased; however, little information is available about nephrotoxicity of MSG. This study assessed the nephrotoxic effects of ASP & MSG administered either individually or in-combination. Forty eight male adult albino rats were divided into eight equal groups: negative control; positive control; ASP-treated; MSG-treated; "ASP&MSG"-treated; ASP-recovery; MSG-recovery and "ASP&MSG"-recovery. A single daily dose of ASP (250mg/kg) and........

Keywords: Nephrotoxicity, Food Additives, Aspartame, Monosodium Glutamate, Recovery.

[1]. M.R. Ardalan, H. Tabibi, V.E. Attari, A.M. Mahdavi, Nephrotoxic Effect of Aspartame as an Artificial Sweetener. Iran. J. Kid. Dis., 11(5), 2017, 339 – 343.
[2]. M.A. Lebda, H.G. Tohamy, Y.S. El-Sayed, Long-term soft drink and aspartame intake induces hepatic damage via dysregulation of adipocytokines and alteration of the lipid profile and antioxidant status. Nutr. Research, 41, 2017, 47 – 55.
[3]. A. Iyaswamy, D. Wankhar, S. Loganathan, S. Shanmugam, R. Rajan, S. Rathinasamy, Disruption of redox homeostasis in liver function and activation of apoptosis on consumption of aspartame in folate deficient rat model. J. Nutr. Intermed. Metabol., 8, 2017, 41-50.
[4]. A.D. Alalwani, Monosodium glutamate induced testicular lesions in rats (histological study). J. Mid. East Fertil. Soc., 19, 2014, 274–280.
[5]. C.O. Ibegbulem, P. C. Chikezie, A.I. Ukoha, C. N. Opara, Effects of diet containing monosodium glutamate on organ weights, acute blood steroidal sex hormone levels, lipid profile and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes activities of rats. J. Acute Dis., 5(5), 2016, 402–407..

Abstract: Rapid acceleration of urbanization and industrialization in Bangladesh has been coupled with increasing environmental deterioration. The present survey was conducted to monitor the physicochemical parameters that are ruined due to excess pollution load. Water and sediment samples were collected from five stations along Turag River. The ranges of CO, CO2, NOx and PM10 concentrationswere varied for CO: 2421–7633 μg/m3, 383-501 μg/m3 for CO2, 81–648 μg/m3 for NOxand150.92–553.43 μg/m3 for PM10 that were detected using Gastec technique. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) approach was employed to examine the value of Cr, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cd. Metal concentrations ranged between 0.10–0.90 for Cd, 31.00–78.20 for Cr, 48.10–69.00 for Cu, 30.30–37.20 for Pb and 95.60–191.10 mg/kg for Zn in the sediment samples. Occurrence of both the air pollutants and sediment heavy metal differed amongfive stations that was analyzed by using ANOVA (SPSS V.17) test. Major.......

Keywords: Environment; ANOVA; Degradation; Heavy metal; Fisher folk; Management

[1]. Ahmad, M. K., Islam, S., Rahman, S., Haque, M. R.and Islam, M. M., 2010. Heavy Metals in Water, Sediment and Some Fishes of Buriganga River, Bangladesh, International Journal of Environmental Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, 2010, pp. 321-332.
[2]. Ahmmed, K. M. Tanvir and Begum, D. A., 2010. Air Pollution Aspects of Dhaka City, proc of international conference on environment aspect of Bangladesh (ICEAB 10), Japan sep, 2010.
[3]. Ashraful M.A.K., 2003. Trace metals in littoral sediments from the North east coast of the Bay of Bengal along the ship breaking area, Chittagong, Bangladesh. Journal of Biological Science, 3: 1050–1057.
[4]. APHA (American Public Health Association), 2005. Standard Methods For the examination of water and waste water. 13th edition, 2005, Broadway, New York- 10019.
[5]. APHA (American Public Health Association), 1976. Standard Methods for the examination of water and waste water, 13th edition Broadway, Newyork..

Abstract: This Research paper presents the results of the first phase of a study dealing with estimation of atmospheric pollutants, volatile organic compounds (VOC) mainly from mobile sources in the urban area of the area Metropolitan of Bucaramanga, formed by the municipality of Girón, Floridablanca, Piedecuesta and Bucaramanga with a population of more than one million inhabitants. The Automotive Park of the study area has had an exponential increase that has December 2016 reports 646,848 vehicles, which have significantly increased emissions of gases and particulate matter, including VOC. At The moment there is no record or studies of quantity, concentration, effects or impacts of VOC by mobile sources in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga. Using an electronic device that registers total VOC values at five strategic points, records have been taken in ppb, finding an average..........

[1]. Zuluaga Gómez Carlos Mario. Estudio de la dispersión de contaminantes en la jurisdicción de Cornare. Convenio Cornare-UPB Medellín, Colombia. (2015). Disponible en
https://www.cornare.gov.co/SIAR/aire/CALIDAD_DE_AIRE/CONTENIDO/Informe_Modelo_Dispersion_Valles_de_San_Nicolas.pdf
[2]. Torres Jerez Agustín. Aplicación Práctica del Modelo de dispersión de contaminantes en la atmósfera ISC. Escuela de Negocios. Madrid. España. (2008). Disponible en file:///C:/Users/Walter/Downloads/componente45570%20(1).pdf
[3]. Gómez Navazo María del Carmen. Evaluación de COVs en emplazamiento urbano del País Vasco. Environment and Systems. Bilbao. España. (2010). Disponible en
http://www.euskadi.eus/contenidos/documentacion/esia_fundiguel/es_doc/adjuntos/modelo_dispersion_contaminantes.pdf
[4]. Sánchez Montejo. José María. COVs en el medio ambiente. Universidad Complutense de Madrid España. (2008). Disponible en http://ritsq.org/wp-content/uploads/reach-uah/Sanchez-UAH-2008.pdf [5]. Behera S. Scope of Algae as Third Generation Biofuels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. (2014); 2: 90. Disponiblehttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324237/..

Abstract: Land use changes are altering the hydrologic system and have potentially large impacts on water resources. Land use and water resources are unequivocally linked. The type of land and the intensity of its use will have a strong influence on the receiving water resource. Whether the source is natural or comes from a human activity, the impact of any land use practice on either the quantity or quality of water can be substantial. Large-scale increases in some rural land uses can change the way water moves through the landscape by intercepting water before it reaches waterways, reservoirs and aquifers or using water drawing water directly from shallow aquifers. This can reduce the amount of water available for other water users and the environment. This is particularly true for changes to deeper-rooted vegetation. In India, there has been significant land use change over the past 20 years. Over the past two decades, the understanding of.........

Keywords: Land use, hydrology, water resources, infiltration , runoff

[1]. Allison GB, Cook PG, Barnett SR et al . Land clearance and river salinisation in the western Murray Basin, Australia. Journal of Hydrology, . (1990) 119, 1–20.
[2]. Costa, M.H., A. Botta & J. Cardille Effects of large-scale changes in land cover on the discharge of the Tocantins River, Southeastern Amazonia. Journal of Hydrology, (2003). 283: 206-217.
[3]. \DeFries, R. & K.N. Eshleman . Land-use change and hydrologic processes: a major focus for the future. Hydrological Processes, (2004) 18: 2183-2186
[4]. Malmqvist, B. & S. Rundle Threats to running water ecosystems of the world. Environmental Conservation (2002),29 (2): 134-153.
[5]. Mustard, J. & T. Fisher (2004). Land Use and Hydrology. In Gutman, G., Janetos, A., Justice, C., Moran, E., (2004) pp 165.

Abstract: Water pollution is one of the widest problems all over the world and has been extensively studied. One of the most widespread, costly and challenging environmental problems is nutrient pollution, which caused by leaches excess nitrogen and phosphorus to the water. The pollution intensity mainly depends on the anthropogenic activities in the studied area. So, surface water samples collected from eight different locations in middle and west delta regions (i.e., Gharbia and Beheira governorates, respectively). Water canal samples were collected monthly and different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in these samples were determined including the dissolved ammonia nitrogen (N-NH3), nitrite nitrogen (N-NO2), nitrate-nitrogen (N-NO3), total nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus and total phosphorus. The obtained results showed that there is a significant difference between the means of the collected samples from different sites and dates. The interaction between them in all studied parameters was also recorded.........

Keywords: Nitrogen, phosphorus, Surfacewater, Egypt

[1]. Negm AM, Groundwater in the Nile Delta. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Book Series(Springer International
Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature, 2019), https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94283-4.
[2]. Salman SA, M Arauzo and AA Elnazer, Groundwater quality and vulnerability assessment in west Luxor Governorate, Egypt.
Groundwater for Sustainable Development,8, 2019, 271-280,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2018.11.009
[3]. Abdel Meguid M, Key Features of the Egypt's Water and Agricultural Resources. In: A.M. Negm (ed.), Conventional Water
Resources and Agriculture in Egypt, (Hdb Env Chem,Springer International Publishing AG, 2019) DOI 10.1007/698_2017_41.
[4]. Negm AM, EE Omran, MA Mahmoud,and S Abdel-Fattah, Update, Conclusions, and Recommendations for Conventional Water
Resources and Agriculture in Egypt. In: A. M. Negm (ed.), Conventional Water Resources and Agriculture in Egypt, ( Hdb Env
Chem, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature, 2019), 659–682. DOI 10.1007/698_2018_337
[5]. Chislock MF, E Doster, RA Zitomer, AE Wilson, Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences, and Controls in Aquatic Ecosystems.
Nature Education Knowledge, 4(4), 2013,10..

Abstract: The fresh food products like fruits and vegetables became an important element in the consumer's daily meal in view of their high nutritional value, low caloric value, availability, and somewhat low prices. Most of the fruits and vegetables contain a high percentage of water that ranges from 78% in potatoes to 94.8% in lettuce. As well, their protein and fat contents do not exceed 3.5% and 0.5%, respectively, except some cases such as raisin and dates, whose water content is low and which can not be considered as fresh in comparison with other fruits. Demand on these........

Keywords: Environmental Pollution, Fruit Pollution, Vegetable Spoilage, Heavy Metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Fertilizers, Agricultural Pesticides, Polluting Bacteria, Fungi.

[1]. Al-Haddad, A.A., Hussain, H. Z. and Fayyadh, M. A. (2016). Evaluation of some physical means efficiency in degrading Aflatoxin B1 in some dry fruits. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 34(2): 148-155. (In Arabic).
[2]. Al-sayyed Yousof, M. K. (2015). Healthy food and vegetable and fruit pollution. Assiut Journal of Environmental Studies, Issue 42, 15 pages. (In Aabic).
[3]. Andrews, J. H., and Harris, R. F. (2000). The ecology and biogeography of microorganisms on plant surfaces. Annual Review Phytopathology, 38, 145–180.
[4]. Anh, S. A. (2013). Prevalence and distribution of parasites contamination for some type fruits and vegetables in Al-Diwaniya City. Dhi Qar Science Journal, 3(4), 57-64. (In Arabic).

[5]. Barth, M.; Hankinson, T. R.; Zhuang, H. and Breidt, F. (2010). Microbiological Spoilage of Fruits and Vegetables. Compendium of the Microbiological Spoilage of Foods and Beverages, Food Microbiology and Food Safety, ISBN 978-1-4419-0825-4. Springer-Verlag New York, 2010 :135-183..

Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of the Department of Agricultural Chemistry of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207 from November, 2015 to May, 2016 to evaluate the influence of cadmium on growth and nutrients content of Boro rice cultivars. The two factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. Factor A: three varieties [V1-BRRI dhan29, V2-BRRI dhan60 and V3-BRRI dhan61] and factor B: five doses of cadmium [T0= No cadmium applied, T1= 20 ppm Cd, T2=40 ppm Cd, T3=60 ppm Cd, T4=80 ppm Cd]. Cadmium was added from cadmium sulphate (3CdSO4.8H2O) and soil were treated with Cd as per treatments before transplanting. At 75 DAT and the time of harvesting, the highest plant height (87.80 cm and 94.33 cm, respectively) was observed from the V2T0 treatment whereas the lowest (53.67 cm and 67.30 cm, respectively) was observed from V1T4 treatment. At 75 DAT, the highest number of tillers hill-1(19.67) was found from the V3T0 treatment whereas, the lowest (7.00) was found from V1T4. At the time.......

[1]. FAOSTAT, Archived July 13, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Faostat.fao.org (October 23, 2014). Retrieved on September 4, 2015.
[2]. BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics). The statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Ministry of planning.Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2015.
[3]. BRKB, Bangladesh Rice Knowledge Bank (knowledgebank-brri.org), Bangladesh Rice Res. Inst. Joydehpur, Gazipur, Dhaka. 2017.
[4]. Meharg AA, Norton G, Deacon C, Williams P, Adomako EE, Price A, Zhu Y, Li G, McGrath S, Villada A, Sommella A, Mangala P, Silva CSD, Brammer H, Dasgupta T, and Islam MR, Variation in rice cadmium related to human exposure. 2013; Environ. Sci. Technol. 47: 5613−5618.
[5]. Satarug S, Baker JR, Urbenjapol S, Haswell-Elkins M, Reilly PEB, and Williams DJ, A global perspective on cadmium pollution and toxicity in non-occupationally exposed population. 2003; Toxicology. 137: 65-83...

Abstract: Les arbresd'alignement font partieintégrante du paysageurbainetsontsoumis à de fortes pressions de la part des citadinsentrainantleurdisparition progressive. Ainsicetteétude a pour but d'évaluer la diversité des plantations d'alignement et de montrerleur importance dansl'amélioration de l'environnementurbain. Pour ce faire, un recensement des espècesarborescentes a étéeffectuépar la méthodeitinérantesurtoutes les voies des quartiers Assabou et Dioulakro. Danscetteméthode, nous avonsmesuré les hauteurs et les circonférences des individusdont le DBH≥2,5. Au total 3168 arbresd'alignementontétédénombrés. Ilsreprésentent 28 espècesréparties en 23 genres et 16 familles. Les espèces les plus représentéessontAzadirachtaindica, CocosnuciferaetFicuspolita. La famille.......

Keywords: arbres d'alignement, espaces verts, urbains, stock de carbone, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire

[1]. Oueslati w, Madariaga N, Salani J. Evaluation contingente d'aménités paysagères liées à unespace verturbain.Une application au cas du parc Balzac de laville d'Angers. Revue d'Etude en Agriculture et Environnement. 2008,87 : 77-99
[2]. Ouassa KM, Tasso F.Lophiralanceolata dans la Commune de Toucountouna : Entre exploitation et Conservation d'une espèce naturelle à usages multiples. Revue de Géographie du Bénin, Université d'Abomey-Calavi (Bénin). 2010, 7: 94-115.
[3]. Nowak DJ, Crane DE, Stevens JC. Air Pollution Removal by Urban Trees and Shrubs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2006, 4: 115-123.
[4]. Tyrvainen L, Pauleit S, Seeland K, de Vries S. Benefits and Uses of Urban Forests and Trees.In: Urban Forests and Trees.2005, 81-114.
[5]. CEP-CDPATEP.Infrastructures routières: les allées d'arbres dans le paysage. 2009, 66p...

Abstract: The production and use of water filtration systems have a big impact on the environment. To genuinely successfully address the issue, the potential repercussions on the environment must be incorporated into corporate thinking. Setting up carbon footprints is a crucial step. Designing a water purification system and selecting the technologies and parts to employ play crucial roles in minimising the environmental impact of a system's construction, regular operating costs, and maintenance. The environmental impact of both the production and transportation of consumables as well as service visits will be reduced through improvements like intermediate resistivity monitoring and degassing that maximise the lifespan of components. In terms of specific methods, RO offers distillation significant energy savings. Recycling currently has limited benefit due to practical issues. This page provides an overview of several water distillation techniques, their carbon footprints, and potential solutions.

Keywords: Water purification techniques, Environmental impacts, Carbon footprints etc.

[1]. Kharayat, Y. (2012). Distillery wastewater: bioremediation approaches. Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 9(2), 69–91.
[2]. Balat, M., & Balat, H. (2009). Recent trends in global production and utilization of bio-ethanol fuel. Applied Energy, 86(11), 2273–2282.
[3]. Bharagava, R. N., & Chandra, R. (2010). Biodegradation of the major color containing compounds in distillery wastewater by an aerobic bacterial culture and characterization of their metabolites. Biodegradation, 21(5), 703–711.
[4]. Krzywonos, M., Skudlarski, J., Kupczyk, A., Wojdalski, J., & Tucki, K. (2015). Prognoza rozwoju sektora biopaliw transportowych w Polsce w latach 2020-2030. Przemysl Chemiczny, 94(12), 2218–2222.
[5]. Smuga-Kogut, M. (2015). Znaczenie produkcji biopaliw w Polsce na przykładzie bioetanolu. Polish Journal of Chemical Technology, 17(3), 89–94.