IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-1 ~ Issue-2 ~ Sep–Oct 2012

Abstract: There is an urgent need to develop an apt program for improving the society resilience in facing natural disasters. This program must be distinctively characterized according to different prone areas in order< for it to be more effective in its implementation. A more focused preparedness program is expected to reduce the risks of disaster. In order to develop suitable preparedness program, the community preparedness towards natural disaster has to be gauged. Thus, this article examines the relationship between demographic variables and four key construct of community preparedness, namely attitude, knowledge, practice, and awareness towards landslide. Three particular sites in Malaysia, based on their unique characteristics, are chosen for this goal. The results call for developing community-based preparedness program, which should be aligned with each specific region characteristics. The implications of the study address considerably different approaches for each region. The article concludes with some limitations of the study and avenues for future related research.
Keywords: Landslide, Awareness, Preparedness, KAP, Malaysia.

[1] D. Karnawati, and S. Pramumijoyo, Strategy for promoting education for natural disaster reduction in Indonesia and ASEAN
region. The First World Landslide Forum, 2008, 265-268.
[2] M. Dorasamy, M. Raman, S. Muthaiyah, and M. Kaliannan, Investigating perceived ICT usefulness for disaster readiness: A
preliminary analysis. 2011 7th International Conference on IT in Asia (CITA), Kuchig, Sarawak, 2011, 1-7.
[3] R, Kohli, Socio-political approach to disaster management by community participation. Unpublished Thesis, 2005.
[4] J. J. Pereira, C. H. Tan, I. Komoo, Chapter 8: Mainstreaming climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction: A Malaysian
approach, Rajib Shaw, Juan M. Pulhin, Joy Jacqueline Pereira, in (ed.) Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction: An Asian Perspective (Community, Environment and Disaster Risk Management, Volume 5), (Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2010, 147 – 167.

Abstract:Abundance and distribution of Royle's Pika (Ochotona roylei) was studied in a part of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttarakhand Himalaya along altitudinal ranges from 2700 to 3600 m a.s.l. during premonsoon season of 2012. Different plots (20 x 20 m) were marked with in each available habitat type and pikas were searched once in a week. The highest density of Pika was found in Tree-line region, along 3001-3300 m a.s.l. whereas the lowest density was found in alpine region, along 3301-3600 m a.s.l. Pika distribution was found to be highest in mixed habitat, north east aspect and under very high rock cover where as open habitat, east facing slope and low rock cover show lowest distribution.
Key-words: Density, Hay Pile, Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Royle's Pika, Uttarakhand

[1] E.A. Beever, Persistence of Pikas in two low elevation National monuments in the western united states, Park Science, 21 (2),
2002, 23-29.
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Uttarakhand Western Himalaya, Hystrix Italian Journal of Mammalogy, 20(2), 2009, 111-119.
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Abstract: The life history of the Peacock pansy butterfly, Junonia almana and larval performance in terms of food consumption and utilization, and the length of life cycle on its host plant Ruellia tuberosa are described for the first time. The study was conducted during 2008 at Visakhapatnam (17o 42' N and 82 18' E), South India. Junonia almana completes its life cycle in 24.40  1.14 days (eggs 3, larvae, 15 – 16, pupa 5 – 7 days). The values of nutritional indices across the instars were AD (Approximate Digestibility) 44.10 – 95.87%; ECD (Efficiency of Conversion of Digested food) 1.48 – 34.00%; ECI (Efficiency of Conversion of Ingested food) 1.41 – 15.00%, measured at the temperature of 28 ± 20 C and RH of 80 ± 10% in the laboratory. These relatively high values of ECD and ECI explain at least partially the ecological success of J. almana in the present study environment.
Keywords: Life history, Junonia almana, captive rearing, immature stages, food utilization indices.

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and Environment Association, Udhagamandalam, India, 1998).
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Leptosia nina (Rhopalocera: Pieridae). National Academi Science Letters, 31, 2008, 45-49.
[8] J.B. Atluri, B. Samatha, M. Bhupathi Rayalu, D. Sandhya Deepika, and C. Subba Reddi, Ecobiology of the common castor butterfly
Ariadne merione merione (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera: Nymphalidae). Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 42,
2010, 13 - 20.
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face of uncertainity. Biological Conservation, 139, 2007, 103 – 112.
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Abstract:Enugu Urban is currently the capital of Enugu state and the largest city in the eastern part of Nigeria.. In the last few years, traffic population and industrial activities has grown at a geometric proportion, with the attendant consequences of increased air pollution. Five species of streetscape plants were identified as ornamental shrubs. The Vegetation monitoring in terms of its APTI was evaluated. The APTI was formulated by four plant physiology indicators namely leaf extract pH, Relative water content, Ascorbic acid and chlorophyll content. The APTI values ranged between 10.60 and 14.32 on yellows Bush and Ixora Red respectively. The Ornamental shrubs with lower APTI values (sensitive) were recommended to be utilized as bioindictors of poor urban air quality while shrubs with high APTI values (Tolerant) are to be planted around areas anticipated having high air pollution load.
Keywords: Ornamental, Shrubs, APTI, Bioindicators, streetscape, plants.

[1] Agbaire, P.O (2009). Air pollution Tolerance Indices of Some Plants around Erhoike-kokori oil exploration site of Delta state,
Nigeria. International Journal of PhysicalSsciences, 4:366-368.
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State, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 13:11-14.
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394.
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of Santiago, Chiles Policy of using Urban Forests to Improve Air quality. Journal of Environmental Management, 86:148-157.
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around City of Haridwar, India.

Abstract:Dal Lake a Sub Himalyan urban Lake is one of the most beautiful lakes of India and second largest in state of Jammu & Kashmir. The surrounding area of Dal lake and its floating gardens form the most fertile area where a variety of vegetables are grown and extensively consumed by the inhabitants of Dal Lake. An indiscriminate use of wide variety of pesticides have been witnessed to combat pest and increase the yield. The present study was planned to assess the burden of chronic exposure to pesticides by estimation of pesticide residual levels in human serum samples taken randomly from the inhabitants of Dal Lake hamlets. Exposure of humans to hazardous chemicals occurs directly in the fields and indirectly due to consumption of contaminated diet or by inhalation or by dermal contact.The study was conducted from 2008 – 2010 in which a total of 600 blood samples taken from three population groups designated as PG-1 ,PG-2 (Study groups) and PG-3 (Control group). Blood samples were analysed for seven commonly used pesticides viz. Butachlor, -HCH, chlorpyrifos, Hexaconazole, Endosulfan 1,Endosulfan 2 and Dichlorovos. Detection and quantification of pesticide residues was performed by Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometer (Thermo Finnigan Polaris Q type) equipped with Ni Electron Capture Detector. Out of seven pesticides analysed only chlorpyrifos was detected in all the three population groups. Mean concentration of chlorpyrifos in study groups (PG-1 & PG-2) was 0.5194 ± 0.6456 ng/μl and in control group (PG-3) was 0.0008 ± 0.0009 ng/μl. An ANOVA (Analysis of variance) was carried out and a difference was found highly significant in mean concentration of chlorpyrifos between PG-1, PG-2 and PG-3 with F value of 33.39 and P value of 0.000.Tuckey HSD (Honest Significant Difference) test reveals that PG-1 & PG-2 did not differ (P value 0.300) in their mean concentration. PG-3 differs significantly with PG-1 & PG-2 (P value 0.000). This reveals that mean level of pesticide concentration is higher in study population than control group. The findings suggest that chronic low dose exposure to pesticides either directly or indirectly can be a major contributor for presence of pesticide residual levels in human blood.
Keywords: Pesticide; chlorpyrifos; Blood; Gas Chromatogram Mass Spectrometer.

[1] Arcury, T.A., Quandt, S.A and Mellen, B.G (2003). An exploratory analysis of occupational skin diseases among Latino migrant
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Abstract:The soymilk residue okara, is produced in large amount during soymilk production. Okara is a waste product for soymilk industries, so they face a big problem for its disposal. However, its nutritive composition; makes it suitable for producing different fermentable edible products, like single cell protein for human food and feed. The high moisture content of okara makes it unfavourable to be utilized alone. Therefore, it was used in combination with wheat grits. The combinations were inoculated with two standard food fungi viz. Rhizopus oligosporus and Aspergillus oryzae. The main concept of the present study was to examine SCP yield at different pH (pH 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 ). The maximum SCP production was obtained at pH 5.0, producing 35.98% on fresh weight basis and 52.10% on dry weight basis for R. oligosporus and 36.20% on fresh weight basis and 50.41% on dry weight basis for A. oryzae.
Keywords:Single cell protein, Okara, Wheat grits, Rhizopus oligosporus, Aspergillus oryzae, pH.

1] Dimmling, W. and Seipenbusch, R. 1978. Raw material for the production of SCP. Process Biochem. 13 (3) 9-15.34
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Dairying foods and HSci., 17: 85-90.
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okara, byproduct of the soybean processing industry. Journal of Japenese society of food science and technology (Nippon
Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi), 45:100-107.
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Abstract:Municipal landfill siting is becoming increasingly difficult due to growing environmental awareness, decreased government and municipal funding and extreme political and social opposition. The increasing population densities, public health concerns, and less land available for landfill construction are also the difficulties to overcome. This paper deals with determination of suitable site for the disposal of urban solid waste generated from Dharmanagar Nagar Panchayet and surrounding areas using GIS and Remote Sensing. For this study 5 Km. of buffer area of Dharmanagar Nagar Panchayet has been considered for selection of proper landfill site.
Keywords:GIS, Remote Sensing, Solid waste management.

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international Association for Engineering Geology and the Environment, Durban, South Africa, 16-20 September 2002.
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Conference Proceedings.
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Abstract:The effect of ultra-violet irradiation (UV-C) on vitamin-C content in fresh cut tomatoes was investigated. Fresh tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum) were blanched at 600c for 5 min and cut into equal size pieces. Tomatoes of 100g(Sample-A) exposed to UV-C of 254nm, 3.6 KJ for 5 minutes, and to sample B 5% of garlic was added as natural preservative, in addition to UV-C treatment. The sample-C was kept as control without any treatment. The mean vitamin-C content in sample A and B was significantly more than the sample C. The shelf life of sample A and B extended up to 45 days without deterioration. So UV energy can be used safely to extend the shelf-life of tomatoes.
Keywords:Garlic, Shelf-life, Tomatoes, UV-C Irradiation, vitamin-C

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Abstract:Ground-water modeling has become an important methodology in support of the planning and decision-making processes involved in ground-water management. Ground-water models provide an analytical framework for obtaining an understanding of the mechanisms and controls of ground-water systems and the processes that influence their quality, especially those caused by human intervention in such systems. Increasingly, models are an integral part of water resources assessment, protection and restoration studies, and provide essential and cost-effective support for planning and screening of alternative policies, regulations, and engineering designs affecting ground water.

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Abstract:In-depth analytical study was carried out in five selected wetlands in the district of Madhubani (Bihar, India) in terms of their chemical parameters, biomass production and trophic relationship that was modeled with help from an ecological simulation software. These perennially water-logged bodies belonged to three categories that may be said to be (a) reverine with flowing water courses, (b) lacustrine with water depth 2 metre or more at the centre, and (c) palustrine with water less than 2 metre deep before rains. With little innovation and intensive planning, these bodies may be positively exploited for significant biomass production, aquaculture, waterfowl management and cultivation of economically useful crops including fibre yielding plants a few of which can be additionally customized to get rid of undesirable pollutants and heavy metals carried in by the in-flowing water stream or run off water during rains. The paper suggests a well-documented scheme for proper utilization and conservation of these water bodies and discusses a research protocol with three-pronged approach that includes genetic induction of heavy metal tolerance and disposal ability into a common sub-aquatic plant Typha angustifolia Linn. that is well-suited for cultivation in such conditions, while simultaneously being highly exploitable economically in terms of food, fodder and medicine.

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