IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-2 ~ Issue-1 ~ Nov–Dec 2012

Abstract: The study was conducted to determine the soil pollution from the downstream area of the waste dumping site in relation to changes in soil quality as well as chemical characteristics and heavy metals concentrations in Konabari industrial area of Bangladesh, during the period from July to December 2011. Soil samples were collected from five different points at a distance of 10 m from each other. Samples were collected from two layers i.e. from surface and subsurface at a depth of 0-15 and 15-30 cm, respectively. The study concluded that the waste material produced tangible impacts on the soil quality, while the samples contained higher available sulphur (S), but lower total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and organic matter (OM) contents. The dumping of waste resulted in a marked increase in the concentration of heavy metals in soils, and the measured metals varied in the order of iron (Fe) > zinc (Zn) > lead (Pb) > copper (Cu) > cadmium (Cd). The mean concentrations of the selected heavy metals in the surface soil of the dumped site were 0.40, 1.42, 0.46, 350.38 and 0.03 ppm for Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Cd, respectively, while the mean concentrations of the heavy metals in the subsurface soil were 0.39, 1.36, 0.47, 313.3 and 0.03 ppm for Cu, Zn, Pb, Fe and Cd, respectively. This could be attributed to the leachates percolated from the wastes. The metal species were found comparatively lower on the solid waste accumulation site and higher on the industrial effluents accumulation site. Such a condition could be regarded as unsafe as these heavy metals are eventually picked up by growing plants and thereby entering the food chain. So, careless disposal of the waste should be discouraged, and a waste management and treatment policy should be put in place for the waste dumping and/or disposal.
Keywords:Soil quality, heavy metal, waste dumping, industrial area.

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Abstract: Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium. Despite the availability of potent antibiotics, Gram negative bacteraemia and sepsis is currently a frequent cause of death in hospitals. Chicken egg yolk can become an important tool here. Biochemical tests, comparative studies of pH, temperature and media were conducted to pick out the right strain of bacteria. IgY was produced and isolated from yolk using three different protocols to get the highest yield on production. The final product was tested by methods like ELISA, dot blotting and SDS-PAGE. The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography. It was found that the serotype being used was pure and not contaminated. The IgY produced from PEG ethanol method was found to give the best results. This method makes it easy to produce the antibody in bulk, which in turn will help diagnose the symptoms caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7 far more rapidly than other methods. Further the antibody can be formulated for therapeutic uses.
Keywords: Chicken IgY, diagnostics use, Escherichia coli O157:H7, PEG ethanol method.

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Abstract: The health hazards and environmental degradation from the uncontrolled and unlined landfills are well known facts. Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) is a quantitative tool by which the leachate pollution data of landfill sites can be reported uniformly. The LPI is an increasing scale index and has been formulated based on Delphi technique.In this paper, the concept of LPI is described in brief and LPI for active landfills in Mylai Balaji Nagar, Pallikkarani coming under Alandur Municipality and in Radha Nagar, Chromepet coming under Pallavaram Municipality is calculated based on the actual field datas.The LPI value for Pallikkaranai leachate and Periyaeri leachate was 37.006 and 15.325, respectively. This shows the Pallikkaranai leachate is more polluted than Peiyaeri leachate. Further, both leachates showed higher LPI value than that of 14.713 obtained for the treated leachate that can be disposed into land as per Indian standards.The study confirmed that Pallikkaranai landfill (Alandur Municiaplity) is highly polluted than the Periyaeri landfill (Pallavaram Municpality) based on LPI calculated. It is concluded that LPI value can be used as a tool to assess the leachate pollution potential from landfill sites particularly at places where there is a high risk of leachate migration and pollution of groundwater.
Keywords:landfill; leachate; leachate pollution index; groundwater contamination;

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