IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-3 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan–Feb 2013

Abstract: Microorganisms influence the fate of metals in environment. Increasing anthropogenic and geogenic activity had increase the risk of arsenic pollution and this has forced the future research area to involve microbes-metal toxicity to achieve bioremediation. The present study deals with the role of arsenite transforming bacteria and incorporates them into remediation design. Sample was collected from Haringhata in Nadia district which is a known ars0enic contaminated zone. Out of six isolated bacteria one bacterium revealed as arsenic tolerant bacteria which shows molecular similarity with Brevibacillus brevis from 16s rRNA studies. It can tolerate upto 1000 mg/L of arsenite and 500 mg/L of arsenate. Both the arsenic species has toxic effects on its protein concentration. The strains can tolerate upto a certain limit after that their growth ceased. This strain can accumulate and also transform arsenite to arsenate. The transformation capacity of strain was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. The strain can transform 90% of arsenite to arsenate. But the transformation capacity only reveals as detoxification mechanism and has no relation with their respiration. Morphological biochemical and molecular identification was done. As arsenate is absorbed into iron oxyhydroxides and get immobilize thus a remediation mechanism can be designed with this strain.
Keywords: Arsenic, Bioaccumulation, Biotransformation, Bioremediation, Arsenic oxidising bacteria

[[1] H Brammer., Threat of Arsenic to Agriculture in India, Bangladesh and Nepal, Economic and Political Week l. 43(47),2008, 79-84.
[2] P. Ravenscroft, W.G. Burgess, KM Ahmed, M Burren, J.Perrin. Arsenic in groundwater of the Bengal Basin, Bangladesh:
distribution, field relations and hydrogeological setting. Hydrogeology J, 13, 2009, 727–51.
[3] W. P.Inskeep, T. R. McDermott and S. Fendorf, Arsenic(V)/(III) cycling in soils and natural waters: chemical and microbiological
processes, Environmental chemistry of arsenic. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, N.Y. 2002, 183-215
[4] A. Smith, P. Lopipero, M. Bates, C. Steinmaus, Arsenic epidemiology and drinking water standards. Science. 296, 2002, 2145–2146
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the Aberjona watershed. Environ Sci Technol 31, 1997, 2923-2930
[6] J. F Stolz, and P. Basu, Evolution of nitrate reductase: Molecular and structural variations on a common function, Chem Bio Chem,
3, 2002, 198 - 206.
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[8] J.P Maity., S. Kar, J.H. Liu, J. S. Jean, C.Y. Chen, J. Bundschuh, S. C. Santra and C. C. Liu, The potential for reductive
mobilization of arsenic [As(V) to As(III)] by OSBH2(Pseudomonas stutzeri) and OSBH5 (Bacillus cereus) in an oil contaminated
site. Journal of Environmental Science and Health part a, 46:11, 2011, 1239-1246.
[10] T. M Salmassi, K Venkateswaren, M, Satmomi, KH. Nealson, D.K Newman, J.G Hering, Oxidation of arsenite by Agrobacterium
albertimagni, AOL15, sp. Nov., isolated from Hot Creek, California. Geomicrobiology Journal 19, 2002, 53 - 66.

Abstract: In this communication, toxicity of very low doses of Aroclor 1254, the most potent PCB, was evaluated in respect to gross body weight and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) activity in liver and kidney cells of mice. The study was designed to test three hypotheses. Groups of adult male Swiss albino mice were subjected to two very low and environmentally available doses (0.1 & 1 mg/kg bw/d) of Aroclor 1254 exposed for three durations (4, 8 & 12 d). The toxicant was administered orally and the specific activity of glucose-6- phosphatase was estimated from the liver and kidney cells of mice. The doses selected were significantly lower than the lethal dose but comparable to possible human exposure from different sources. The results revealed significant dose and exposure duration dependent effects of Aroclor on total body weight and the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase in liver and kidney cells of mice. The observed results suggested that all three hypotheses were true. It may be possible that the activation of AhR mediates the suppression of body weight and the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase, which suggested a role for these pollutants as disruptors of energy metabolism.
Keywords: Aroclor 1254, Glucose-6-phosphatse, Mice, Liver, Kidney.

[1.] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB's): Toxicological Profile, 2000, http://
www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp17.html.
[2.] WHO, Polychlorinated biphenyls: human health aspects. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2003, pp 1–64.
[3.] E.M. Foekema, C.M. Deerenberg, and A.J. Murk, Prolonged ELS test with the marine flatfish sole (Solea solea) shows delayed
toxic effects of previous exposure to PCB 126, Aquatic Toxicology 90, 2008, 197-203.
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Toxicology 3, 1999/2000, 25-75.
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Thillart, and A. Murk, PCBs and the energy cost of migration in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla L.), Aquatic Toxicology 92,
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Abstract: Fish species diversity of Tagwai Dam (Longitude 6o39 to 6o44 East and Latitude 34o to 9o37 North to South-west of Minna were studied. The sampling was conducted fortnightly for three. Five species from five genera and five families were identified. These were Clupeidae, Cichlidae, Bagridae, Clarridae, Mochokidae and Cyprinidae. The total count for species during the sampling period was 13,773. Clupeidae were the most dominant species with a total counts of (7,897) while Labeo (Cyprinidae) had the least population. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the weight of the samples of species obtained. There was also significant difference (P<0.05) between the Tilapia species and Clupeid species. However, but there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) among the species of Clarias, Synodontis and Labeo whose population were the lowest. Adoption of fish conservation and management strategies and enforcements of fisheries by-laws are necessary to improve the fishery resource of the Tagwai dam coupled with regular bio-diversity study of the Dam.
Keywords: Fish species, diversity and abundance.

[1] Alikali, A. L. (1994). Some water quality parameter and potential fish yield of Tagwai Dam, Minna, Niger State. Masters Thesis.
Department of Water Resources, Aquaculture and Fisheries Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna. Niger State.
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Abstract: The negligence of adequate planning and development of recreational facilities in Nigeria is a huge setback to cities achieving maximum utilization in their social, economic, physical and environmental sectors. This is coupled with many other managerial problems in maintaining the few available ones; and as such it has led to gradual decay of the nation's recreational areas and, hence reduced their benefit to the built environment. These benefits include general beauty, healthy lifestyles, increased leisure activities, communal interaction and preservation of natural system and maximizing abandoned land spaces. Assessing this need is valuable as the continuous growth of urban areas without considering the planning, development and management of recreational areas has led to the unpleasant environmental consequences. Using secondary source of data gathering, the paper reviews literatures on the general need for developing recreational facilities in Nigeria and critically examines the planning and development designs, the important facilities and management procedures for recreational areas. It asserts that there is a need for an improvement in landscape planning through effective physical planning, aesthetic management, development control/schemes and the enforcement of adequate management techniques.
Keywords: Recreational facility, development, design, Management, Open spaces

[1] Ahianba,J.E,Dimunna,K.O., and Okogun,G.R.A (2008).Built Environment Decay and Urban Health in Nigeria. Human Ecology,
23(3),259-265.
[2] Akintude, P.G and Akintude, V.O.(2011).Solutions to Problems Associated with Development of Sports Faculties in Rural and
Urban Communities. Department of Vocational and Special Education University of Calabar, Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria
[3] Alabi, M.O (2010). Prioritizing Factors of Failure in Controlling Physical Development in Nigerian Cities. Sustainable
Development 12(2),215-231.
[4] Aluko, O.(2011).Sustainable Housing Development and Functionality of Planning Laws in Nigeria: Case Study of Cosmopolitan
Lagos. Sustainable Development 4(5),64-74.
[5] Chiesura, A.(2004).The role of Urban Parks for the Sustainable City. Landscape and Urban Planning, 68(1), 129-138.
[6] Dong. W and Dong., W.(2011).The Construction of Ecological Functions of Urban Open Space. Applied Mechanics and Materials,
99-100,606-610.
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[9] Fasakin.J.O (2009). Physical Development Strategies for Ondo State paper presentedat the Stakeholders Forum, Ondo State
Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development, Akure, 23-24 November, Akure, Ondo State.
[10] He, J., and Jia, B.(2004).Towards a Sustainable Housing Environment; Ecological Landscape Principles and Practices in Large
Housing Estates of Guangzhou, China. Paper Presented at the international Conference on Adequate and Affordable housing for all:
Research. Policy and Practice . Center for urban and community Studies, Universityof toronto, Canada. June 24-27, 2004.Pp1-19.

Abstract: In order to search for alternative control methods to synthetic pesticides, the potential of essential oils from Allium sativum (L.) (Alliaceae); was evaluated as fumigants against Callosobruchus maculatus (fab.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), a pest that attacks pulses during storage. Chickpea seeds were infested with 10 pairs of newly emerged weevils and, fumigated with 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4μl of essential oils of garlic/l of air. The essential oils of garlic were analyzed by GC-MS. The major components were trisulfide, di-2-propenyl and diallyl disulfide. Garlic essential oils significantly affected bruchid's fecundity (treated = 17-59 < control = 288-310), longevity (treated =1-3 < control = 2-13 days), fertility (treated= 0-62.96< control = 80-90%). The LC50 and LC99 (24h) were respectively 2.5 and 23.3μl/l of air for females and 2.56 and 46.07 μl/l for The fumigation of stored products against insect pests with garlic essential oils could be considered as an integrated pest management (IPM) tactic without risk for consumers and the environment.

Keywords: Allium sativum; Callosobruchus maculatus; Essential oils; Fumigation; Stored products

[1] A. Boughdad Ravageurs des légumineuses alimentaires au Maroc In : Le Secteur des légumineuses alimentaires au Maroc
MARA/DPV/GTZ (eds). Actes de l'Institut IAV Hassan II; Rabat 1992. pp : 315-338.
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environnementales. Editions France Agricoles, Paris, 2005, 637 p.
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occupationally exposed to pesticide mixtures and mixtures. J Appl Toxicol. Nov; 28(8), 2008, 957-65.
[8] B. F. Lander, L. E. Knudsen, M. O. Gamborg, H. Jarventaus, & H. Norppa, Chromosome aberrations in pesticide-exposed
greenhouse workers. Scand J Work Environ Health. 26(5), 2000. 436-442.
[9] S. Roulland, P. Lebailly, Y. Lecluse, M. Briand, D Pottier & P.Gauduchon, Characterization of the (14; 18) BCL2-IGH translocation
in farmers occupationally exposed to pesticides. Cancer Res. 64(6), 2004, 2264-2269.
[10] N. Sailaja, M. Chandrasekhar, P-V. Rekhadevi , M. Mahboob, M-F. Rahman, S B.Vuyyuri, K. Danadevi, S-A. Hussain, and P.
Grover. Genotoxic evaluation of workers employed in pesticide production. Mutat Res. 609(1), 2006, 74-80.

Abstract: The treatment of bleach effluent from pulp and paper Industry for COD, colour and AOX removal was investigated using Ultra violet/Hydrogen peroxide process photocatalysed by Titanium dioxide. The Ultra violet / Titanium dioxide process was able to remove 48% and 37% of COD and colour. The Ultra violet / Hydrogen peroxide process was able to remove 52% and 59% of COD and colour. The combined process of Ultra violet/Hydrogen peroxide process photocatalysed by Titanium dioxide was found to be more effective in the removal of COD and organics compared with the individual processes at a pH of 7. The combined process of Ultra violet/Hydrogen peroxide process photocatalysed by Titanium dioxide showed the COD, colour and AOX removal efficiency of 76%, 78% and 45% respectively.

Keywords: Photocatalysis, Ultraviolet/Hydrogen peroxide/ Titanium dioxide process, bleach effluent.

[1] Almeida, Assalin E, Rosa M R, Duran N (2004), ' Treatment of industrial effluents using advanced oxidation processes in the
presence of ozone', Quimica Nova, Vol. 27,pp. 818-824.
[2] Chatterjee D and Dasgupta (2005), 'Visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of organic Pollutants', J. Photochem. Photobiol,
Vol. 6, pp.186-205.
[3] Hu C and Wang Y (2003), ' Decolorization and biodegradability of photocatalytic treated azo dyes and wool textile wastewater' ,
Chemosphere, Vol.39, pp.2107-2115.
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Biotechnol, Vol.82, pp.1012-1022.
[5] Marcia Regina Assalin, Edna dos Santos Almeida and Nelson Durán (2009), 'Combined System of Activated Sludge and
Ozonation for the Treatment of Kraft E1 Effluent' Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Vol. 6, pp.1145-1154.
[6] Mehmet Ugurulu,Hamdi Karaoglu M (2009), 'Removal of AOX,total nitrogen and chlorinated lignin from bleached kraft effluent by
UV oxidation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide utilizing Tio2 as photocatalyst', Environ Sci Pollut Res, Vol.16, pp.265-273.
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Research, Vol.5, pp.175-196.
[9] Parveen Kumar, Satish Kumar, Nishi K Bhardwaj and Ashutosh Choudhary (2011), 'Advanced Oxidation of Pulp and Paper
Industry', International Conference on Environmental and Agriculture Engineering', Vol. 15, pp. 170-175.
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Abstract: Forests are one of the most complexes and a multifunctional asset of all natural resources. They are a key component of the natural resource base that provides the capabilities, assets and activities required for a means of living. Over utilization of forest resources due to illegal logging conversion to agricultural land and encroachment has resulted to its depletion. The changes in forest cover are the matter of great concern as it disrupt the global environmental system, threatens the global biodiversity and the sustainability of livelihood as well.
Keywords: Forest cover changes, Remote sensing, GIS, livelihood.

[1] Abrams, M., 2000. The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER): data products for the high spat ial resolution imager on NASA's Terra Platform. Int. J. Remote Sensing, 21: 847-859.
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Ecol. Indicator, 6: 353-368.
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metropolitan of Bangladesh during 1960-2005. Environ. Monit. Assess., 150: 237-349.
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decomposition and soils in forest conservation, shifting cultivation and secondary vegetation. Climate Change, 46: 115-158.

Abstract: Lead (Pb) compounds have been historically used by paint manufacturers. Lead is added to paint to speed up drying, increase durability, maintain a fresh appearance, and resist moisture that causes corrosion. The study was carried out to determine the total lead content in enamel paint in major paint companies in Bangladesh. Twenty five enamel paint samples from 5 brands (5 colours in each brand) manufactured by the major players- Berger, Asian, Roxy, Pailac and Elite Paints were randomly purchased from various markets in Dhaka, Bangladesh during the months of January- April 2012. The paint samples were purchased in the sizes of 50 ml, 100 ml, 200 ml, 500 ml and 1 L depending upon the availability. Samples were analysed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer using Air-Acetylene flame at the wavelength of 217 nm, band pass 0.5 nm, measurement time 4 second, background correction –D₂ (prescribed by AA Spectrometers Methods Manual of Thermo Electron Corporation). Lead was found in all enamel paint samples tested. 96% (24 out of 25 samples) of the enamel paint samples did not meet the specification for lead content prescribed by US and China limit. The average concentration of lead in all enamel paint samples ranged from 55 to 114010 ppm. Highest (114010 ppm) concentration of lead was detected in Golden yellow of Robbialac Acrylic Distemper manufactured by Berger paints which is 1267 times higher than the US and China limit for new paints (90 ppm). Lowest (55 ppm) concentration of lead was detected in white brand of paints manufactured by Pailac paints. The average concentration of lead for yellow enamel paints of all the five brands was 75286 ppm followed by orange which was 54708.2 ppm, green 28926 ppm, black 14967.2 ppm and finally white enamel paint contained 357.4 ppm. Formulation of a national policy on paint manufacture and its proper implementation is inevitable to stop the use of lead in paints in Bangladesh.

Key words: Certification, decorative, enamel, lead, paint

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(2005), 139 (9).
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1955, American Journal of Public Health, 90(1): 36-46.

Abstract: The study has to do with the method and steps in creation and development of a Land Information System (LIS) for Tumpure residential and commercial layout in Akko Local Government Area (LGA) of Gombe State. This involved the creation and testing a multimedia relational database of the attributes of the individual parcels which were linked to the polygonized spatial positions of the parcels in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Arcview 3.2a software environment. The analogue layout plan of the area of study was acquired, scanned, Georeferenced and digitized in AutoCAD 2000i environment. The digitized layers were then exported into the Arcview 3.2a software for parcel polygonization and subsequent table creation and linkage to the graphics. Video clips and snap shots of buildings and other special features obtained from individual parcels were recorded with digital camera and linked to their respective parcels in the Arcview software. High resolution satellite imagery covering the layout was obtained from Google Earth, Georeferenced and overlaid with the parcel layer to reveal the features contained in each parcel pictorially. The structured information contained in the database was evaluated and tested and found to be easily and readily accessible and retrievable through locational and attribute queries. The results demonstrated the efficacy of the system. Adequate recommendations were also made.

Keywords: Cadastre, Multipurpose Cadastre, Database, parcel and integrated approach

[1] Adeoye, A. A. (1996). Geographic Information System. Lagos, Nigeria: Omoniyi Printing Press.
[2] Borma, K., Mesgari, M. S., and, Mansourian, A. (2009, 19th - 22nd October, 2009) Database System for Fiscal Cadastre. Paper
presented at the 7th FIG Regional Conference on Spatial Data Serving People, Land Governance and Environment., Honai, Vietnam
[3] Ezeigbo, C. U. (1998). Principles and Applications of Geographic Information Systems. Lagos, Nigeria.: Panaf Press Ltd.
[4] Gabele, F., and, Vanderschueren, M. (2004, 22nd - 27th May). A Better Knowledge for the Partnerns of the Belgian Cadastre. Paper
presented at the FIG Working Week, Athens, Greece.
[5] Moha, E. A., Semlali, E. H., Tahiri, D., and, Robert, P. (2003, 2nd - 5th December) New Vision Towards a Multipurpose Cadastral
System to Support Land Management in Morocco. Paper presented at the 2nd FIG Regional Conference, Marrakech Ndukwe, N. K.
(2001). Digital Technology in Surveying and Mapping. Enugu, Nigeria.: Rhyce Kerex Publishers.
[6] Nieminen, J. (2008, 17th June). Zanzibar Multipurpose Cadastre. Paper presented at the ESRI International User Conference
Presentation.
[7] Orisakwe, K. U. (2011). Advanced Land Information Management.Unpublished manuscript, Federal University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria.
[8] Dale, P. F., and, MacLaughlin, J. D. (1988). Land Information Management: An Introduction with Special Reference to Cadastral
Problems in Third World Countries. New York: Oxford University Press.
[9] Potdar, V. B. (2010). Land Information System in the Present Day Context. www.GISDevelopment.net.
[10] Shamsul, A. M. (2005). Benefits and Issues of Developing a Multipurpose Cadastre. Unpublished Graduate Students Thesis,
University of Melbourne, Australia.

Abstract: Fish are sensitive to a wide range of herbicides and toxic conditions as a result of spillage or deliberate discharge of chemicals to water ways. In addition, water pollution may arise from agricultural practices with attendant negative effect on aquatic organisms. The toxicological effect of diazinon (pesticide) on Clarias anguillaris was carried out, using the 96hours bioassay test to determine its acute toxicity. Varying concentrations of Diazinon, 0.0 ml (control), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6ml/70L of water, at ten fish per test concentration in two replicates were subjected to 96 hours exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) value of Diazinon on C. anguillaris was 0.5ml. Changes in water quality and mortality in all treatments including the control were monitored. Except the control, there were significant differences (p>0.05) in values of pH (7.30±0.03-5.60±0.02) and dissolve oxygen (5.40±0.03 - 2.03±0.02)mg/L before and after the experiment in all treatments. Mortality was highest(100%) in 0.6ml/L concentration at 48hrs exposure. As concentration and time of exposure increased, fish showed restlessness, rapid opercular movement, erratic swimming before death. Major histopathological effects were hypertrophy, necrosis of hepatocyte and secondary lamella of the liver, gills and intestine. It is obvious from this study that diazinon negatively affects respiration and produce nervous signs in the test fish.

Key words: Diazinon, Clarias anguillaris, lethal concentration, histopathological effecs, water pollution, mortality

[1] Adedeji, O.B., O.K. Adeyemo and S.A. Agbede, 2009. Effects of diazinon on blood parameters in the African catfish (Clarias
gariepinus). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8 (16): 3940-3946.
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Abstract: Several low cost biomaterials such as rice husk,saw dust and eucalyptus bark (EB) were tested for removal of chromium. All the experiments were carried out in batch process with laboratory prepared samples. The adsorbent, which had highest chromium(VI) removal was EB. Influences of chromium concentration, contact time on removal of chromium from effluent was investigated. The adsorption data were fitted well by Langmuir isotherm. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) was observed at pH 2. Adsorption capacity was found to be 45 mg/g of adsorbent, at Cr(VI) concentration in the effluent being 200mg/l,250 mg/l. The results indicate that eucalyptus bark can be used for the removal of chromium.

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Abstract: The Rapid Small Scale Column Test (RSSCT) is a small-scale model of a pilot-scale system which is aimed to give performance equal to the full-scale system when loaded with small sized particle adsorbent such as Granular Activated Carbon (GAC). The RSSCT was developed to predict the exclusion of organic compounds on activated carbon adsorbers. The theory behind RSSCT is to scale down the hydrodynamic characteristics and mass transfer phenomena from a pilot scale reactor to a small scale flow test column as it is expected that the breakthrough curves would be similar for both of them. As compared to the pilot scale columns, the RSSCT requires only a portion of water and time to stimulate a several month's pilot scale study into a few days adsorption study under laboratory conditions. The RSSCT is used widely to predict the performance for various adsorption systems as they are inexpensive and gives a constant flow test results within few days which means that RSSCT are more representative as compared to the batch tests. Apart from these advantages RSSCT can be used to compare the efficiency of media and the quality of water. Usually the adsorbent used in RSSCT study is GAC which is first activated using different processes to increase the adsorptive capacity and surface reactivity and then it is grounded to a specific size fraction which can be used for RSSCT study. Sometimes grinding of adsorbents may be required if the sorption properties varies. This review study would give a detailed insight in designing a RSSCT model on a laboratory scale, scaling adsorption capacity of trace organic contaminant by various adsorbents and to predict a full scale breakthrough. Keywords: RSSCT, GAC, Breakthrough curves, Adsorption, Adsorbents

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Abstract: Aroclor 1254, a PCB, notwithstanding its banned status, is still available in the environment in low concentration. Reports on its toxic effects on membrane proteins and the mechanism of actions are rare. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the dose and exposure duration dependent effects of low concentration Aroclor 1254 on total, Na+, K+, Ca++ and Mg++-ATPases on the mouse liver cells. The study tests two hypotheses, (a) the low, environmentally available doses of Aroclor 1254 will cause typical dose and exposure duration dependent responses on the membrane-bound ion dependent ATPases of the hepatic cells and (b) the observed response will be a direct effect of Aroclor on the enzyme protein itself. To check these hypotheses, various groups of mice were exposed to two sublethal doses for three exposure durations of Aroclor 1254. The results indicated no dose dependent effects on the enzymes. However, significant exposure duration dependent changes in membrane bound ATPases were observed. Since the observed changes were mostly enzyme stimulation after subjected to toxication through oral route, the effects of the Aroclor were possibly in the form of indirect oxidative stress through complex chain of reactions exhibited by the cells.

Keywords - Aroclor 1254, Hepatic cells, ATPases, Mice.

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Abstract: Economic, Social and Socio-Economic performances are the three pillars of sustainability. Numerous dimensions address each of their performances. Each dimension contributes towards sustainable performance measure. This necessitates an index to account the various dimensions of the sustainability. Since multiple dimensions are associated with sustainable performance, the index warrants composition of many dimensions. The objective of the paper is to develop a Composite Performance Index (CPI) to measure and evaluate the industries in terms of sustainable performances. The development of CPI can be addressed as one of Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) problems. This paper presents a MADM model developed for 'CPI for sustainability' and illustrates its application with case study examples. The CPI developed for sustainability can be useful for assessing the performance of industries as well identifying environmental practices to be followed for their sustainability.

Keywords: Composite Performance Index, Environmental Sustainability, Multi-Attribute Decision Models, Analytical Hierarchy Proces

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