IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-4 ~ Issue-2 ~ May–June 2013

Abstract: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) describes the stream of solid waste generated by households, commercial establishments, industries and institutions. Improper disposal of MSW has serious repercussions for the environment and human health. One of the serious problems is ground water contamination. Asian countries are facing municipal solid waste management problems due to the rapid growth in solid waste generation rate and open dumping practices. As water percolates through MSW, it makes leachate that consists of decomposing organic matter combined with iron, mercury, lead, zinc and other metal, which is the cause for the Groundwater contamination in the nearby areas of the dumpsite. So there is a need for Groundwater analysis around the dumpsite to know to what extent Groundwater has been contaminated. The present work aims to analyze the Groundwater contamination by collecting the Groundwater samples from the residential area near the dumpsite

Keywords – Contamination, Dumpsite, Groundwater, solid waste

[1] T.A. Kurniawan, Landfill Leachate: Persistent Threats to Aquatic Environment, SciTopics.
[2] D. Kumar and B.J Alappat, Analysis of Leachate Contamination Potential of a Municipal Landfill Using LPI, Workshop on Sustainable Landfill Management: 147-153.
[3] APHA,Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater(Washington, DC. American Public Health Association,1998)
[4] M. Loizidou and E. Kapetanios, Effect of leachate from landfills on underground water quality, Sci. Total Environ. 128, 69–81.
[5] World Health Organisation(WHO), Guideline for Drinking Water Quality , Health criteria and other supporting Information (Geneva, World Health Organisation, 1997) 940 – 949.

Abstract: Locating a landfill site in cities of Developing nations have been recognized as a significant physical planning problem and is receiving much attention from researchers in planning sector. A suitable disposal site must have environmental safety criteria and attributes that enable the wastes to be isolated at no risk to people or the environment. Criteria for site selection include; natural physical characteristics, socio-economic, ecological and landuse factors. Different tools and techniques have been developed for solid waste disposal site selection in Developing Countries. This paper examines the selection of waste disposal sites using Geographical Information System in Akure, Nigeria. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) 2002 and Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) 2011 were used to map the most suitable site for waste disposal in Akure. The result indicates that sites were found within the study area. The most suitable sites in the study area are located at 750m to surface water and 300m to major and minor roads, which ensure that economic costs of implementation are mutual. The selected areas have slopes less than 12%, with infrastructural advantage and minimizing environmental impacts. The study proposes acceptable landfill sites for solid waste disposal in the city.

Key words: Waste disposal, GIS, landfill, Site selection, Landsat, Shuttle Radar

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Abstract: The paper is an attempt to identify the importance of bird watching as a determinant of environmental health. To critically understand the eco-health of the habitat, the trend of arrival, food and habitat of bird population in Kulik Wildlife Sanctuary of West Bengal have been analyzed and results indicate that flood in the river Kulik very adjacent to that sanctuary is the foremost cause of decline in the arrival of certain species. Apart from the flood, the changing climate, deforestation and anthropogenic factors are also probable factors responsible for such decline. Therefore, such analysis or approach of study does not only reveal the spatio-temporal conditions of the concerned habitat but also signify the state of that habitat- whether it is lowering down or stable or recuperating. Keywords: Environmental changes, Eco-Health indicator, Kulik Wildlife Sanctuary, Bird watching

[1] T. Datta and B.C. Pal, The effect of Human interference on the nesting of the Open- bill strok-Anastomus oscitans at the Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, India, Biological Conservation, 64(2), 1993,149.

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Abstract: Ever since their evolution, forests have been interacting with the Earth's climate. Deforestation and forest degradation in many countries has lead to forest fragmentation with effects on increasingly insularized and vulnerable forest habitat patches. If forest fragments are becoming too small to support important keystone species, further extinctions may occur in cascading ways and the vegetation structure and composition may eventually collapse. Until now relatively few reported cases of species extinctions can be directly attributed to climate change. However, climate change in combination with habitat destruction, degradation, and fragmentation may lead to new waves of species extinctions in the near future as species are set on the move but are unable to reach cooler refuges due to altered, obstructing landscapes. To mitigate the future risks of extinctions as well as climate change, major efforts should be undertaken to protect intact large areas of forests and restore wildlife corridors.

Key Words: Clean Development Mechanism, Climate change, Deforestation, Emission testing, Green House Gas, Kyoto Protocol, and Rio Declaration/ UNFCCC

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Abstract: Hawaijar is an indigenous fermented soyabean product of Manipur, India. It is has been consumed in every household directly or used as an ingredient in several signature dishes of Manipur. Hawaijar is rich in almost all the nutrients and Bacillus sp. is the microorganism involved in the fermentation process. They are known for its flavour and aroma. In this present study, it is aimed to document and summarize the processing methods of hawaijar, its nutritional value and microbes involved in its fermentation.

Key words: Hawaijar, fermented soyabean, processing, nutrient composition, bacillus sp.

[1] Appaiah K.A.A. General T Koijam K, Khedarani Koijam. 2011. Process Improvement as Influenced by Inoculums and Product Preservation in the Production of Hawaijar. A Traditional Fermented Soybean. African Journal of Food Science 5 (2) : 63- 68.
[2] Babalola., R.O. and Giwa, O.E.2012. Effect of Fermentation on Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Properties of Fermenting Soybean and the Antagonistic Effect of the Fermenting Organism on Selected Pathogens. International Research Journal of Microbiology 3(10): 333-338.
[3] Dajanta, K.2010 Production of High Nutritional Fermented Soyabean (thau nau) by Bacillus Subtilis. Ph.D Thesis, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
[4] Dajanta, K., Apichartrangkoon, A., Chukeatirote, E. and Frazier, R.A. 2011. Free-Amino Acid Profiles of Thau Nao, A Thai Fermented Soybean. Food Chemistry. 125: 342-347.
[5] Das A J, Deka SC, Fermented Foods and Beverages of the Northeast India, International Food Research Journal 19(2): 377-392, 2012.
[6] Devi, P. Kumar,S.P., 2012. Traditional Ethnic and Fermented Foods of Different Tribes of Manipur. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 11(1) : 70-77.
[7] Farhad M, Kailasapathy K, Tamang JP, 2010. Health Aspects of Fermented Foods, In : Fermented Foods and Beverages of the World, edited by Tamang JP, Kailasapathy K,(CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, New York),391-414.
[8] Hesseltine CW 1983. Microbiology of Oriental Fermented Foods. Ann Rev Microbiol 37:575-601.
[9] Irabanta SN, Umabati Devi A 1995. Fermentation Process of two Phylloplane Bacteria in Traditional Hawaijar made from Boiled Soyabean (Glycine max L.,). J Food Sci Technol 32:219-220.
[10] Jeyaram J, Anand Singh Th, Romi W, Ranjita Devi A, Mohendro Singh W, Dayanidhi H,Rajamohun Singh N & Tamang JP. 2009 Traditional Fermented Foods of Manipur, Indian J Tradit Knowle, 8 (1) 115-121.

Abstract: The cardiovascular system has the crucial task of supplying all the body cells with their metabolic needs. In human control mechanism is well developed to maintain the blood pressure and flux within adequate levels. The arterial baroreflex regulate the blood pressure and maintain circulation to the brain and other organs 1. Baroreceptors sense systemic blood pressure indirectly, by the extent of stretch of receptors in the walls of the carotid arteries and of the aorta. Increase in blood pressure elicits reflex parasympathetic activation and sympathetic inhibition, with subsequent decreases in heart rate (HR), cardiac contractility, vascular resistance, and venous return. Conversely, a decrease in arterial pressure reduces baroreceptor afferent discharge and triggers reflex increases in HR, cardiac contractility, vascular resistance, and increased venous return. Thus the baroreflex, by affecting blood pressure and HR control, provides powerful beat-to-beat negative feedback regulation of arterial blood pressure that minimizes short-term fluctuations in pressure 2

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Abstract: Peatland is a land that lacks in nutrients. This deficiency causes some new problems if it is not cultivated wisely. On the other hand, it is necessary to think of how this wide area of peatland can be utilized by the community to improve their prosperity. Kalampangan Village was the location of a transmigration unit (Unit Pemukiman Transmigrasi Bereng Bengkel) from 1980. The utilization of the peatland should be managed carefully and wisely so that it will not cause any new problem such as the degradation of soil surface. The research of the agroforestry pattern aims to find out the economical value of a land and the suitable agroforestry pattern applied in the ombrogen peatland. The agroforestry pattern is one of the alternatives to utilize the peatland in addition to the forestry crops, which are insitu crops, combined with agricultural crops

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Abstract: The aim of the paper is to describe the impacts of altitude and season to volume, Brix contents, and chemical composition of Arenga pinnata sap (Aren sap) from North Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The Aren sap was collected from Aren population growing in different altitudes. The samples of Aren population growing at altitude 0-100 m asl were collected from North Minahasa district, the samples of Aren population growing at altitude 100-500 m asl were collected from Minahasa District, and the samples of Aren population growing at altitude from altitude >500 m asl were collected from Tomohon District. In every study site, Aren sap was collected two times in a year, once during dry season and the other during rainy season. The result of the study shows that altitude provides significant impacts to sap production. There is a significant difference on brix content among Aren sap which was tapped from different altitudes and seasons. Seasons ultimately contribute to protein content. There is no significant difference on the phosphorus content between sap which was harvested from different altitudes and seasons. Seasons and altitude provide a significant impact on Magnesium and Calcium content in sap. Altitudes significantly affect Potassium content.

Keywords - Aren sap, biodiversity, bioenergy, physical environment, sap minerals

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Abstract: This study investigates Hg(II) removal onto binary mixed mineral sorbents from simulated mercury contaminated water, relevant to surface and groundwater impacted environment. However, sorption pattern appeared to be controlled by outer sphere complexation, inner sphere complexation and intra-particle diffusion for Hg (II) sorbed on goethite and mixed mineral system of goethite-montmorillonite with respect to pH. Decrease in Hg (II) sorption as Cp was increased may be attributed to increase in particle size and aggregation of the mineral suspensions. The Cp effect is also related to effective surface area, pressure, and force at the mineral/water interface The complex behavior of mineral systems over the range of residence time investigated may be attributed to increased hydroxylation of the mineral surface resulting in the formation of new reactive sites.

Keywords: mercury, removal, reaction, kinetics, mixed mineral systems.

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Abstract: The present paper's aim is to conduct a diagnosis of the real state of the Tunisian mining industry which is one of the main aisles of the Tunisian economy for over a century of activity, but does not hide, like all other mining developing countries, damage effects on the environment, society and human, despite the great effort of the authorities concerned. This descriptive study was based on graphs of mining land to reflect the really worrying environmental and economic situation concern the Tunisia mining south-west. Offering subsequently implemented strategies and future prospects for controlling the emission of dust and degradation of the plant community by supporting technological tools in this area, but remains a sensitive issue in the medium and long term, into these mining areas for its remarkable economic weight for the Tunisian economy.

Keywords: Tunisia, Mining Industry, damage, environmental, Future prospects.

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Abstract: Groundwater is an important segment of the hydrologic cycle and constitutes about one third of world's fresh water reserves. It has distinct advantages over surface water resources. It is the most dependable resource and is available almost everywhere on land phases. It is hard to overstate the importance of groundwater in the life and economy of Bangladesh. Groundwater supplies over 90% of drinking water requirements and the vast majority of irrigation water. It is the only source of water supply for drinking and main source of irrigation in the area studied. The increased demands due to over population and development activities have stimulated investigations oriented towards quantifications of this resource. The large scale abstraction of groundwater for irrigation, without proper planning and management, has caused much environmental degradation. So, a detailed study is now essential for the conservation of this important resource in the specific area.

Keywords: Contour map, Groundwater, irrigation.

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Abstract: This study investigates the reactivity and removal kinetics of arsenite on mixed mineral systems from aqueous solution related to contaminated waters. The sorbents used were kaolinite, montmorillonite, goethite, and their mixtures. The effects of, proton coefficient, and sorption kinetics were studied at room temperature (23 ± 2 ◦C). Reactivity studies demonstrate enhancement of proton coefficient and the acidity of reactive sites by mixed mineral systems except for kaolinite-montmorillonite, thus increasing mercury removal by proton exchange. Kinetic studies demonstrate two- phase reactions attributed to outer sphere complexation and inner sphere complexation. In the first-phase reaction, mineral mixing based on our empirical model decrease the mass transfer rates for kaolinite-montmorillonite and montmorillonite-goethite, not affecting kaolinite-goethite. For the second-phase reaction, mineral mixing did not change the mass transfer rates for the mixed mineral systems except for montmorillonite-goethite. The behaviors of the mixed mineral systems in mercury sorption suggest that different reactive sites were involved at the onset of sorption, with reactions and sorption ending with inner-sphere complexation. Differences between actual and theoretical % sorption progressed from negative to positive for all mixed minerals as contact time was increased. This means that increase in contact time during Hg-sorbent interaction could help increase mercury removal based on mineral mixing.

Keywords: mercury, removal, reaction, kinetics, mixed mineral systems.

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