IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-4 ~ Issue-6

Abstract: House sparrows (Passer domesticus) have declined world over, with their presence rarely seen in cities. Urbanization has lead to significant changes in the population biology of the species affecting their structure and community composition. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of House sparrow in various landscapes and the role of habitat attributes along a gradient of urbanization to uncover their possible sites of nesting and habitat preferences. With the study, we report that urban centres have lost favourable nesting habitats for House sparrows and they have locally migrated to the suburban and rural parts of the city. House sparrow abundance was higher in the suburban landscapes, compared to the rural and urban landscapes. House sparrow in the urban occupied a broader niche breath, than the populations in the sub urban and rural matrix. In the urban, the most preferred habitats of the House sparrow were residential areas with tiled and thatched roofs, in the sub urban, rice mills were most preferred and in the rural landscapes residential areas with tiled and thatched roofs and rice mills were equally preferred by the species. Our results revealed that along the gradient shrub cover, built up cover, socio economic status and economic prosperity were positively related to the abundance of House sparrow populations. We summarize the possible decline of Passer domesticus due to lack of insectivorous and granivorous food in the urban, lack of nesting sites and non availability of straw. We suggest to the urban planners and city managers to built urban structures that are eco-friendly to sparrows which can host viable nesting sites for the species.

Key words: competition, extinction, landscape, homogenization, abundance

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[3]. Baker PJ, Bentley AJ, Ansell RJ and Harris S. 2005. Impact of predation by domestic cats Felix catus in an urban area. Mammal Review 35: 302–312.
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[9]. Ecology and Conservation in an Urbanising World (Eds. Marzluff, J., Donnelly and Bowman). Kluwer Academic Publishers Group.
[10]. Bonier F, Martin PR, Wingfield JC. 2007b. Urban birds have broader environmental tolerance. Biol. Lett. 3, 670–673.

Abstract: Biodiversity of flora and fauna which are owned by in Central Kalimantan province as well as high and unique (Haryanto, 2009). Potential it provides opportunities for the development of nature tourism (ecotourism) has appeal for tourists to visit and stay longer in tourist area. The purpose of the study is to analyze and quantify the determinants factors of length of stay of tourists in the tourist area of Tanjung Puting National Park. Methods in this study is survey and observation, using a questionnaire to obtain information related to both variables exogeneous or endogenous. Research location is in Tanjung Puting National Park in West Kotawaringin administrative regions, Central Kalimantan Province and conducted in April-June 2012. The Population in this study were all tourists, both foreign tourists and domestic tourists who visited attractions Tanjung Puting National Park. Types and sources of data used in this study is primary and secondary data. The samples carried through non probability sampling techniques, namely Convenience sampling or sampling based on ease (Sugiono, 2002), and the sample size was 150 respondents. Analysis tool that uses statistical analysis of test models Path Analysis using the software Amos (Analysis of Moment Structure) version 18 and SPSS version 10. The results showed (1) the tourist product and the uniqueness of the environment positive and significant impact on tourist visits, (2) the tourist product and the uniqueness of the environment positive and significant impact on Length of Stay, (3) Determinants factors of length of stay tourists are tourist products and the uniqueness of the environment.

Keywords: Tourist products, environmental uniqueness, tourist visit and Length of Stay

[1]. Andriani Kafyri, at.al. 2012. Determinants of visitor Pro-Environmental Intentions on Two Small Greek Island: Is Ecotourism Possible at Coastal Protected Areas?. Environmental Management (2012) 50:64-76.
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[6]. Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kalimantan Tengah, 2010. Laporan Tahunan.
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[10]. Gokovali, U. et. Al. 2007. Determinants of Length of Stay : A Practical use of Survival Analysis. Journal tourism Management. Volume 28, Issue 3. Pages 736-746.

Abstract: The physicochemical changes in pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds during normal storage ripening stages (mature unripe, ripe and overripe) were investigated in terms of the proximate, mineral and antinutritional composition using standard analytical techniques. From the analysis, the % proximate composition of mature unripe, ripe and overripe pawpaw seeds showed that it has moisture content (5.00±0.01, 10.00±0.02, 10.00±0.02), ash content (8.00±0.03, 9.00±0.02, 9.00±0.05), crude fibre (32.00±0.01, 35.00±0.01, 35.00±0.00), fat (26.00±0.03, 27.00±0.05, 26.00±0.01), crude protein (5.90±0.04, 6.00±0.03 and 6.5±0.05) and carbohydrate (23.10±0.05, 13.00±0.01 and13.50±0.00). The elements determined in ppm include manganese (36.81±0.01, 35.10±0.01 and 39.28±0.05), iron (50.11±0.01, 49.66±0.04 and 53.48±0.07) and zinc (18.17±0.05, 15.99±0.01 and 21.08±0.02) in mature unripe, ripe and overripe pawpaw seeds respectively. The antinutrients in mg/100g are phytate (7.89±0.02, 9.25±0.10 and 6.54±0.30), saponin (1.04±0.20, 1.22±0.10 and 1.07±0.40), oxalate (0.32±0.00, 0.25±0.01 and 0.41±0.10), tannin (0.15±0.02, 0.10±0.01 and 0.16±0.20) and trypsin inhibitor (0.20±0.10, 0.09±0.10 and 0.14±0.20) in the samples. The results showed that the seeds at various stages of ripening are cheap source of minerals and fat to man and animal and could be utilized commercially.

Keywords: Physicochemical, changes, storage, ripening, mineral, fat, antinutrient.

[1] Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), United Nations statistics (2008), online Website http://faostat.fao.org.

[2] L.P. Bari, N. Hassen, M.E. Absar, M.I.I.E. Haque, M.M. Khuda, S.K. Pervin and M.I. Hossain, Nutritional Analysis of Two Varieties of Papaya (Carica papaya) at Different Maturation Stages. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 9 (2006):137-140.

[3] F.O. Adetuyi, S.O. Akindwo, S.O. Omosuli and A. Lola, Anti-nutrient and Anti-Oxidant Quality of Waxed and Unwaxed Pawpaw Carica papaya fruit stored at Different Temperatures. Afri.J. Biotech. 7: (2008):2920-2924.

[4] K. Zhou, H.Wang, W. Mei, X. Li, Y. Luo and H. Dai, Antioxidant Activity of Papaya Seed Extracts. Molecules. 16 (8) (2011):6179-92.
[5] P.J. Wabo, J.D. Ngankam Ntemah, C.F. Bilong Bilong, M. Mbida, A Comparative study of the Ovicidal and Larvicidal activities of Aqueous and Ethanolic Extracts of Pawpaw Seeds Carica papaya (Caricaceae) on Heligmosomoides bakeri. Asian Pac. J. Trop. Med. 4(6) (2011):447-450.

[6] J.A. Okeniyi, T.A. Ogunlesi, O.A. Oyelami and L.A. Adeyemi, Effectiveness of Dried Carica papaya Seeds against Human Intestinal Parasites: A Pilot Study. J. Med. Food. 10(1) (2007):194-6.

[7] AOAC, Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 17th Ed. (2005). Association of Official Analytical Chemist, Washington DC, USA.

[8] G.I. Onwuka, Food Analysis and Instrumentation Theory and Practice. Lagos, Napthali Prints. (2005) Pp 142-143.

[9] D. Pearson, The Chemical Analysis of Foods. Church-Hill Livingstone, Edinburg, London, UK. (1976) Pp 95-96.

[10] T. Puangsri, S.M. Abdulkarim and H.M. Ghazali, Properties of Carica papaya L.

Abstract: The physicochemical properties of juice from pineapple and watermelon and their ready to drink (RTD) blends were carried out. The % watermelon juice and pineapple juice of each formulation (v/v) were BL1 (70:30), BL2 (60:40), BL3 (50:50), BL4 (30:70) and BL5 (40:60). The standards were done without blending the two juices SPJ (100% standard pineapple juice) and SWJ (100% standard watermelon juice). The results of the analysis of Vitamin C content (mg/g) gave 125.26 in SWJ, 38.90 in SPJ, 111.58 in BL1, 98.94 BL2, 86.31 BL3, 72.63 BL4 and 84.21 BL5 respectively. The vitamin C content of the RTD blends increase with high proportion of SWJ. The results revealed that all the blends especially 70:30 (watermelon: pineapple) gave an improved composition in terms of the physicochemical properties determined.

Keywords: Physicochemical, blends, ready to drink, pineapple, watermelon, juice, vitamin C

[1] C. Costescu, D. Parvu and A. Rivis, The Determination of some Physical-Chemical Characteristics for orange, Grapefruit and Tomato Juices. Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologoes Vol. XII No 2 (2006):429-432.

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[3] M. Shahnawaz and S.A. Shiekh, Analysis of Viscosity of Jamun Fruit Juice, Squash and Jam at Different Compositions to Ensure the Suitability of Processing Applications. International Journal of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. Vol. 3(5) (2011):89-94.

[4] M.D. Aleem-Zakir, T.R. Genitha and I.H. Sijed, Effects of Defatted Soy Flour Incorporation on Physical, sensorial and Nutritional Properties of Biscuits. Journal of Food Processing and Technology. 3 (2012):1-4.

[5] T.O. Akinwale, Cashew Apple Juice: Its use in Fortifying the Nutritional Quality of some Tropical Fruits. Eur. Food Res Technol. 211(2000):205-207.

[6] A.H. Borghani, R. Abdul and I.H. Syed, Development and storage of Blended Papaya-Aloe Vera Ready to Serve (RTS) Beverages. J. Food Process & Technol. Vol. 3, Issue 10 (2012):1-4.

[7] U. Ravi, L. Menon, M. Aruna and B.K. Jananni, Development of Orange-white Pumpkin Crush and Analysis of its Physicochemical, Nutritional and Sensory Properties. American-Eurasian j. Agric. & Environ. Sci. 8(1) (2010):44-49.

[8] A.M. Zatylny, W.D. Ziehl and R.G. St-Pierre, Physicochemical Properties of Fruit of Chokecherry (Prunus virginiana L.), Highbush Cranberry (Viburnum trilobum marsh.) and Black Currant (Ribes nigrum L.) Cultivars grown in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science. (2004):425-429.

[9] M.S. Jakhar and S. Pathak, Studies on the Preparation and Storage of Blended Ready-to-serve from Ber (Zizyphus mauritiana lamk.) and Jamun (Syzigium cuminii Skeels) Pulp. Plant Archives.12 (2012):533-536.

[10] A. Mustafa Ozgen, C. Durgac, S. Sedat and C. Kaya, Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Pomegranate Cultivars of Pomegranate Cultivars grown in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Food Chemistry. 111(3) (2008):703-706.

Abstract: A case study was carried out in order to develop a model regional emergency response plan for a mining town. Interviews were used to collect data on available emergency response structures and resources for both the town and within various organizations. A questionnaire was used to explore risk perceptions, communication, preparedness and adequacy of current emergency response scenario. This was complemented by site observations using a guide and data sheets. Document analysis of individual emergency response plans (where available) was also done. Results show that the development of the town has not been accompanied with emergency response planning. The Municipality does not have a functioning emergency response center and equipment. This puts the community at serious risk in the event of fire, mine collapse, toxic release and even a natural disaster. The results indicate that individual response plans within various institutions may fail during a major accident. This is because of preoccupation with their core business and lack of technical expertise required for a successful evacuation, escape and rescue. Most developing countries towns do not have an emergency response plan this puts the workers, the environment and inhabitants at serious risk of injury or contamination. A model emergency plan is proposed outlining the duties of each local institution. The model has been designed to enable risk analysis and worst case scenarios in order to make plans that minimize loss and environmental contamination. Results also show that expertise and resources for the plan can be mobilized from local institutions such as the municipality, police, medical institutions, the mines and universities. Local government, industry and communities need to develop an emergency response plan as a core part of their business and functionality.

Keywords – Accidents, Emergency response plan, Risk analysis, Environmental management, Toxic release.

[1] E. Calixto and E.L Larouvere, The regional emergency plan requirement: Application of the best practices to the Brazilian case, Safety Science 48 ,2010, 991–999.

[2] B. V. Ramabrahmam and G. Swaminathan, Disaster management plan for chemical process industries. Case study: investigation of release of chlorine to atmosphere, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 13, 2000, 57–62

[3] B. Woodcock and Z. Au, Human factors issues in the management of emergency response at high hazard installations, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 26, 2013, 766-770.

[4] J. E. Skogdalen , J. Khorsandi , J. E. Vinnem, Evacuation, escape, and rescue experiences from offshore accidents including the Deepwater Horizon, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 25, 2012, 148-158
[5] UNDP 1992, An Overview of Disaster Management 2nd Edition, Disaster Management Training Programme accessed on 10/06/13availablehttp://iaemeuropa.terapad.com/resources/8959/assets/documents/UN%20DMTP%20-%20Overview%20of%20DM.pdf

[6] B V. Ramabrahmam and M. M. Mallikarjunan, Model off-site emergency plan. Case study: toxic gas release from a fertilizer, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 8( 6), 1995, 343-348

[7] G.L. Chikoto. and A. Sadiq. (2012). "Zimbabwe's Emergency Management System: A Promising Development." Comparative Emergency Management: Understanding Disaster Policies, Organizations, and Initiatives from Around the World. Edited by David McEntire. Accessed on 08/06/13 Published online at: http://www.training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/CompEmMgmtBookProject.asp.

[8] The Civil Protection Act. (2001). Zimbabwe Act: Civil Protection. Parliament of Zimbabwe Document (Chapter No.5, pp. 18). Harare, Zimbabwe. Accessed on 08/06/13 available: http://www.zimdrm.gov.zw/documents?download=7:civil-protection-act-chapter-10-06-zimbabwe

[9] D. McAlister and L.Werndle, Leach tank incident at Freda Rebecca gold mine accessed on 08/06/13 available http://www.mwanaafrica.com/investors-and-media/news-releases/2013/leach-tank-incident-at-freda-rebecca-gold-mine-02-14-2013
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Abstract: The water quality of Njaba River was assessed using standard methods. Results obtained revealed the presence of colour (17.07±1.04 – 22.16±0.89 units), total solid (500.00±1.08 – 5000.00±0.96 mg/l), total dissolved solid (400.0±0.55– 4,000.00±0.34 mg/l), total suspended solid (100.00±0.29 – 1,000.00±0.87), heavy metals such as mercury (0.002±0.01–0.006±0.01), lead (0.004±0.01–0.07±0.00 mg/l) and high microbial load in the studied river water. The high levels of these parameters indicated the poor quality of Njaba River water, and should not be consumed without purification. The present study has shown the water quality of Njaba River, Imo State, Nigeria.

Keywords – Heavy metals, Njaba River, physicochemical parameters, pollution

[1]. A Kumar, Water pollution (Nisha Enterprises New Delhi, 2004) 1-331.
[2]. United Nations Environmental Programme, (UNEP ).Environmental assessment of Ogoniland. UNEP Publication. Executive Summary, 2011. p. 3.
[3]. R .N. McNeely, V.P. Neimanis, and L.Dwye, Water quality sourcebook: A guide to water quality parameters (Indland Waters Directorate, Water Quality Branch, Ottawa, 1979).
[4]. World Health Organization (WHO), Environmental Health Criteria, 27, Guidelines on studies on Environmental Epidemiology. Joint Sponsorship UNEP/ILO/WHO. Geneva, 2003
[5]. J.O. Akaniwor, and O. Egwin, Effect of indo food (indomie) industrial effluent discharge on physicochemical properties of new Calabar River in Choba River State. JNES, 3(3), 2006, 174-182.
[6]. P.N.C. Olemeforo, Assessment of the environmental impact of petroleum activities in Port Harcourt and Environs. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Environmental Management and Protection, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 1994.
[7]. A. T. Odeyemi, A.C. Dada, O.R. Ogubanjo, and M.A.Ojo, Bacteriological, physicochemical and mineral studies on Awedele spring water and soil samples in Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 4 (6), 2010, 319-327.
[8]. B.A. Amadi, P.C. Chikezie, and H.C. Okeoma, H.C, Physiochemical characteristics of Nworie river and its effect on liver function on rats. Journal of Nigeria Environmental Science, 3(3), 2006, 183-187.
[9]. E.I. Akubugwo, and M.K.C. Duru, Biochemical Implications of the Consumption of Water from Otamiri River, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Trends in Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2 (6), 2011a, 934-937.
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Abstract: After the study of EIA practices adopted by various countries, it is realized that almost all the countries have a concern for environmental protection. The study of EIA practices adopted reveals that system of EIA evaluation is prevailing in almost all the countries. Even in India, the EIA evaluation is existing since long. Further Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India has decentralized the process by creating State Level Environmental Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAA), at state level. This has certainly reduced the time taken to evaluate a proposal and issue an environmental clearance. But it is realized that the degree of subjectivity is still very high in the process of EIA evaluation. Available mathematical tools like Fuzzy Logic etc. may be used for decision making to ensure high degree of objectivity in the process.

Key words – Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA),

[1]. Principles of Environmental Impact Assessment Best Practice, International Association for Impact Assessment 1999.
[2]. Scientific Committee On Problems of the Environment (SCOPE), Scope 5 – Environmental Impact Assessment, Chapter 3.
[3]. Elliott, M. & Thomas, I. (2009) Environmental Impact Assessment in Australia; Theory and Practice, 5th Edition, Federation Press, Sydney.
[4]. Environmental Impact Assessment Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
[5]. Wang, Alex (2007/02/05) "Environmental Protection in China: the role of law"
[6]. Department of Environmental Protection, Russia.
[7]. Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Trans boundary context (Espoo, 1991).
[8]. S. O. 1533, EIA Notification issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forest, Govt. of India on 14th Sept. 2006.
[9]. www.mpseiaa.nic.in official web site of SEIAA of M P referred on 31st Jan 2013.
[10]. Mukund Phatak and Dr. Narendra Kanhe, Critical Analysis of According Prior Environmental Clearance

Abstract: The converging of world leaders at the United Nations in September 2000, and their signing of the Millennium Declaration with the target of meeting the Millennium Development Goal of "environmental sustainability‟ by 2015, is an indication that the "land‟ is "mourning.‟ This paper investigates the usage of the words אָבַל , אֶרֶץ , and דָּמַה in Hosea 4:3, 6 as it relates to environmental chaos in Ancient Israel. It probes the extent to which the eastern Rivers State of the Niger Delta is "mourning.‟ It delineates that there are ecological zones within the Niger Delta region that are contending with detrimental level of Oil-mineral pollution assault at least in the aquatic ecosystem and, most likely, the terrestrial; as there is significant level of oil-mineral pollutant in not only the water samples but also the sediment samples analyzed in this work with the use of Standard Analytical Procedure (Spectrophotometrically). It concludes that , the population groups (including humans and animals) that depend on the affected water to serve their water needs stand highly susceptible to hydrocarbon toxicity, with its varied attendant health and ecological implications. It further submits that דָּמַה
(total destruction) is inevitable should the region be left to continuous "mourning.‟ Furthermore, the paper submits that could be inevitable should the region be left to continuous "mourning" resulting from Oil-mineral pollution, though not precluding moral laxity which was the case of Ancient Israel.

Keywords: Aquatic Ecosystem, Eastern Rivers State, Hydrocarbon pollutant, Hosea 4, Mourning

[[1]. The researchers are both from the eastern Rivers State of the Niger Delta Region, precisely from Andoni, a coastal region in Rivers State. The burden of this paper stems from the fact that fishing as the occupation of the Obolo people, that is, the Andoni people , has been hampered by oil-mineral pollution such that survival becomes difficult although the issue of oil-mineral pollution may not make sense to the illiterate fishermen or women back there in the village.
[2]. Ibid. Von Rad, G. Genesis: A Commentary, (London: SCM Press, 1966), p.49.
[3]. W. E. Vines, Vine‟s Complete Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words With Topical Index (London: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1996), p. 8064.
[4]. Narendra P. Sharma, "Introduction" Managing the World‟s Forest (Iowa:Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, 1992), p.1.
[5]. Hans Walter Wolff, Hosea: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Hosea, (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974), pp. xxvi-xxvii.
[6]. James Luther Mays, Hosea: A Commentary, (Philadelphia: The Westminster Press, 1969), pp. 12-13
[7]. Francis I Anderson, Hosea: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary,( NY: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc., 1980) pp.331-341.
[8]. Stanley J. Grenze, (et.al), Pocket Dictionary of Ethics, (Downers Grove, IL: Inter Varsity Press, 2003), p. 111. Here, social Justice is portrayed as the application of the more general category of justice to a central dimension of human existence. It focuses on the common good of community as it is manifested in such areas as the fair and equal distribution of goods and benefits as well as in respect for the rights of others.
[9]. Alfred J. Hoerth, Archaeology and the Old Testament, Reprinted 2004, (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1998), pp.329-335.
[10]. Hans Walter Wolff, op.cit, pp. xxvi-xxvii.

Abstract: A method is presented on the conversion of analogue cadastre to digital format, which is simple, faster and easy to use than the analogue method that is difficult to access and vulnerable to wear and tear. In addition to the digital map, development of cadastral database that allow querying of information is produced. This is convenient to both land managers and land ownerswho would want to know the current conditions of their plots. Utility managers could also find this useful by knowing additional information on each plot a priori. It is suggested that web-based GIS could facilitate even more on access to cadastral information.

Keywords: Cadastre, GIS, Layout, Database, Query

[1]. Aronoff, N.O. (1991). Principles and Application of Geographic Information System. Lecture Notes. Department of Surveying and Geo-informatics, University of Lagos.
[2]. Ekpette, R.A. (2005), Principles of Geographic Information System for Land Resources Assessment. Nigeria Journal of Surveying and Geo-informatics, vol.1, No.1 pp.17-40
[3]. ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (2004) ESRI Shapefile Technical Description.
[4]. Gehlot, S. and Hanssen, R. F. (2008).Monitoring and Interpretation of Urban Land Subsidence Using Radar Interferometric Time Series and Multi-Source GIS Database. In Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies for Monitoring and Prediction of Disasters. Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 142
[5]. Mikol, R. M. (2008). Extending the Functionality of the Consumer-Grade GPS for More Efficient GIS and Mapping Applications: In Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies for Monitoring and Prediction of Disasters. Springer-Verlag Berlin, pp. 161
[6]. Ndukwe, O. (2001). Cadastral Database: An Essential Component of the Fundamental Datasets of a National Geospatial Data Infrastructure. Proceedings of Technical Session of the 37th Annual General Meeting and Conference of NSDI, Owerri pp. 19-24

Abstract: Erinc¸'s aridity index (Precipitation Efficiency,𝐼𝑚) was used to find out the Climate type and Vegetation type for Bangladesh. This index was applied to 27 meteorological stations of Bangladesh for the study period of 1971 to 2000. According to it Bangladesh is under Very Humid climate type and Very Humid forest type vegetation. But some of the part of North Western and South Western region is under humid climate type and humid forest type vegetation. Mean Rainfall Intensity (MRI) shows positive change for South Eastern region and little part of North Western region for the study period.

Keywords: Bangladesh, Climate Change, Very Humid Climate, Precipitation, Aridity Index.

[1]. IPCC, "Climate Change: "The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Scientific Assesment," (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,2007.)
[2]. C.K.Folland, T.R. Karl, N. Nicholls, B.S. Nyenzi, D.E. Parker and K.Y. Vinnikov, " Observed climate variability and change, in climate change 1992," The supplementary report to the intergovernmental panel on climate change scientific assessment, (Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,1992, pp.135-170)
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Abstract: Good water quality urban lakes, wetlands and reasonably maintained green spaces have important amenity values that include provision of leisure and aesthetic enjoyment for the residents of the city. However, due to lack of proper quantification of the aesthetic and recreational benefits arising out of these assets, especially in developing countries, local municipalities fail to realize the real worth of such assets. The present study establishes a firm and positive link between market rates of residential plots on one hand and environmental attributes like good water quality lake proximity, green space proximity and better air quality on the other, in Chandigarh city of India. Results of the hedonic pricing models with linear and double log functional forms have been presented in the paper. Science based evidence has shown that people were willing to pay for environmental amenities through higher housing prices. The city administration has sufficient room to enhance current official collector rate of urban residential property up to 3000 m distance from the Sukhna lake, resulting in enhanced revenue generation. The results of the study can prove useful in urban land use planning, nature conservation and fixing property rates for the overall sustainable development of the cities in the developing countries like India.

Key words: Greenery, Hedonic pricing method, Residential property, Urban lake, Urban forestry

[1] R. Costanza, d'Arge.R, de Groot, R., S. Farbe, M Grasso, K. Limburg, B. Hannon, S Naeem, R.V. O'Neill, R.G. Raskin, P. Sutton and M. Vanden Belt, The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital, Nature, 387, 1997, 253-260.

[2] C.Y Jim and W.Y. Chen, Perception and attitude of residents towards urban green spaces in Guangzhou (China), Environmental Management, 38, 2006a, 338-349.

[3] C.Y Jim and W.Y. Chen, Impacts of urban environmental elements on residential housing prices in Guangzhou (China), Landscape and Urban Planning, 78, 2006b, 422-434.

[4] C.Y. Jim and W.Y. Chen, Consumption preferences and environmental externalities: A hedonic analysis of the housing market in Guangzhou, Geoforum, 38, 2007, 414-431.

[5] C.Y. Jim and W.Y. Chen, Assessing the ecosystem service of air pollutant removal by urban trees in Guangzhou, Journal of Environmental Management, 88, 2008, 665-676.

[6] C.Y Jim and W.Y. Chen, Value of scenic views: Hedonic assessment of private housing in Hong Kong, Landscape and Urban Planning, 91, 2009, 226-234.

[7] C.Y Jim and W.Y. Chen, External effects of neighborhood parks and landscape elements on high-rise residential value, Land Use Policy, 27, 2010, 662-670.

[8] F. Kong, H. Yin and N. Nakagoshi, Using GIS and landscape metrics in the hedonic price modeling of the amenity value of urban green space: A case study in Jinan city, China, Landscape and Urban Planning,79, 2007, 240-252.

[9] V. Gupta and G. Mythili, Valuation of urban environmental amenities: A case study, International journal of Ecological Economics and Statistics, 19, 2010, 20-32.

[10] M Verma and D Negandhi, Valuing ecosystem services of wetlands-a tool for effective policy formulation and poverty alleviation, Hydrological Sciences Journal, 56(8), 2011, 1622-1639.

Abstract: In order to reduce morbidity and mortality resulting from poisoning by para-phenylenediamine (PPD), we described the epidemiological and clinical characteristics associated with such poisoning and determined the risk factors. For this purpose, we conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 102 cases reported by the Moroccan Poison Control and Drug Monitoring Center between 1996 and 2007 in the Oriental region. Based on the results, and with a sex ratio (men/women) of 0.9, the average age of the intoxicated population was 17.3 ± 15.6 years. The most affected group age was of adults whom age is between 20 to 74 (40.2 %). The most encountered cases were voluntary poisonings, with 91.8 %. Suicidal attempts had accounted for 99% of voluntary intoxication. The majority of the intoxicated had presented gastrointestinal disorders. The evolution was favorable for 87 cases (85.3 %) and 15 cases had lost their lives; the lethality was of 14.7 %. Following the analysis of the relative risk, age (less than 15 years / over 15 years) and origin of the intoxicated (Urban / Rural) have been the main factors that influenced the prognosis. The relative risk being, respectively, of 2.25 (95% CI: 1, 28-3, 95) and 3, 72 (CI95%: 1.70 - 8.13).

Keywords: Poisoning; Para-phenylenediamine (PPD); Epidemiological and clinical characteristics; Oriental; Morocco.

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Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate PAHs concentration in crabs (Callinectes pali)and shrimps (Penaeus notialis) collected from Kaa, B-Dere and Bodo City in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria. These samples were measured by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC/FID). The Average concentrations of these PAHs ranged from below detection limit of 0.0001 to 90.7 ± 1.00 μg/kg wet wt. in Callinectes paliand from 0.0001 to 77.5 ± 1.65 μg/kg wet wt. in Penaeus notialis. The highest average concentration of90.7 ± 1.00 μg/kg wet wt. was recorded for Benzo[b]fluoranthene from Bodo City. Between the two species, Callinectes pali accumulated significantly higher concentrations (P < 0.05) of total PAHs at all the sites except at Kaa. High molecular weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs) were generally predominant compared to low molecular weight PAHs (LMW-PAHs). The LMW- PAH/HMW-PAH ratios were < 1 for both species, indicating anthropogenic, mainly pyrogenic, origin of PAHs in Kaa, B-Dere and Bodo City of OgoniLand. Concentration of benzo[a]pyrene in Callinectes pali collected from B-Dere and Bodo City analyzed exceeded the EU recommended limit of 2 μg/kg wet wt., while that in Penaeus notialis collected from the three sites were below EU recommended limit of 2 μg/kg wet wt. in food. Thus, PAHs residues in the examined Callinectes pali were high and would constitute threat to human health than those in Penaeus notialis. The public health concerns of PAHs are cancer, mutations and birth defects as discussed.
Keywords: Callinectes pali, carcinogenic, OgoniLand, PAHs, Penaeus notialis

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Abstract: Bismuth(III) Iodomolybdate,a new inorganic cation exchanger,was synthesized. The ion exchange capacity was determined by column method and PH titration method. The ion exchange capacity of the exchanger was found to be 1.2 meq/g. The material has also been characterized on the basis of thermal stability, chemical stability, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction pattern and infrared studies. Thermal stability shows ion exchange capacity of bismuth(III) Iodomolybdate decreases with increase in temperature and it also revealed that weight of bismuth(III) Iodomolybdate decrease with increase in temperature. Chemical resistivity of the material was assessed in various acidic and basic media. Distribution studies find the synthesized ion exchanger selective for Ni++ ions.

Key words: Bismuth(III) Iodomolybdate, Inorganic cation exchanger, Ion exchange capacity, Thermal stability, Chemical stability and Distribution studies.

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