IOSR-JESTFT   Volume-7 ~ Issue-4 ~ Nov–Dec 2013

Abstract: The chronic effect of paraquat on the catfish Clariasgariepinus was assessed by comparing the changes in electrolytes in the organs (gills and liver) of a control group (0.00mg/L) and toxicant exposed groups (2.00mg/L, 4.00mg/L, 6.00mg/L and 8.00mg/L). The levels of the electrolytes were determined on 20 fishes of 220.50 ±15.33g mean weight and 30.43 ± 1.22 mean total length. The value of the chloride ions in the gills and the liver were significantly (P>0.05) lower than the control value except at 8.00ml/L.The value of sodium ion in the gills showed increase in levels and was significant (P>0.05) at 6.00mg/L but the case was reverse in the liver where decrease in levels was observed in all the treatment groups. Significant (P>0.05) higher values were observed in potassium levels in the treated groups in the gills when compared to the control values ,while in the liver, no significant (P>0.05) changes were observed. The result of this study shows that paraquat can cause marked changes in electrolytes levels of the fish and therefore can be used as a biomarker of aquatic pollution and toxicity

[1]. Adedeji, O. B. (2010). Acute effects of diazinon on blood plasma biochemistry in the African catfish (Claris gariepinus). Journal of Clinical Medicine and Research, 2(11): 1-6.
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[4]. Cecik, B. and Engin, K. (2005). The effects of cadmium on levels of glucose in serum and glycogen reserves in the liver and muscle tissues of Cyprinuscarpio. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci. 29:113-117.
[5]. Das, B. K. and Mukherjee, S. C. (2000). Sublethal effects of quinalphos on selected blood parameters of Labeorohita(Ham) fingerlings. Asian Fish Sci. 13: 225-233.
[6]. Dial, B. C. A. and Dial, N. A. (1995). Lethal effects of the consumption of field levels of paraquat-contaminated plants on frog tadpoles .Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 55: 870-877.

Abstract: Microorganisms work incognito to maintain the ecological balance by active participation in carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous cycles in nature. Sampleswere collected from nearriver Ganga mainly Hazipur, Sonepur and Vaishali. Sites were dry field, banana field, wetland and stagnant pond areas. Isolation was done by serial dilution method in nutrient agar plate. The isolates were found to be maximum in humus rich soil of S1 (Banana field) soil (Hazipur) and S2 (Sedimented pond) soil. A total of 111 microbial strains (bacteria) were isolated. Strain which showed the best result was tested for its' biofertilizer potential on the paddy (Oryza sativa, variety - Sugandha) individually through pot experiment. The test isolate namely, S1(C) was selected on the basis of their luxuriant growth on NA. This isolate showed a wide range of temperature for growth between 4 C to 55 C which suggests its potential as biofertilizer in field conditions where the organism has to survive under wide range of natural temperature fluctuations. The selected test isolate was Bacillus although molecular characterization (16s r-RNA studies) was done to confirm the genus and species of the selected isolate. On the basis of BLAST alignment of the sequenced nucleotides the isolate S1(C) was identified as Brevibacillusborstelensis.

[1] BHA Rehm, Microbial production of biopolymers and polymer precursors,Applications andperspectives,Caister Academic Press2008. [2] E Diaz, Microbial biodegradation,Genomics and molecular biology1st ed,Caister Academic Press2008. [3] GW Tannock editor, Probiotics and Prebiotics, Scientific Aspects, Caister Academic Press 2005. [4] Mengesha et al, Clostridia in Anti-tumor Therapy,Clostridia,Molecular Biology in the Post-genomic Era,Caister Academic Press2009

Abstract: The solar energy is an important component of the renewable energies. Niger has immense resource of solar energy. To resolve problem of sahara and poverty in Niger using solar oven can be alternative solution. This construction in very simple and any carpenter can make. In concerns to popularize this technology, the solar oven is used in the training of the students in renewable energies..

[1] Méthodes de calcul des énergies renouvelables ; VISSARIONOV Vladimir Ivanovitch et Deriojina J. V., H.K. Malinin, Burmisov A.A., Kusnesov V.A. [2] FRAAS(A.P) – Heat exchanger design Ed. John Wiley(1984) [3] Duffie, A. & John Beckman, William A., 2006: Génie des Procédés thermiques solaires, Wiley.
[4] Henning, HM 2003: assistée climatisation solaire des bâtiments - Un manuel pour les planificateurs.
[5] Organisation internationale de normalisation, 1994: Méthodes d'essai des capteurs solaires, l'AIE, Genève [6] Peuser, A. Felix, Remmers, Karl-Heinz & Schnauss, Martin, 2002: systèmes solaires thermiques, une bonne planification et de construction, [7] HOLMES-(R.C.) et PERRY (J.H.) Chemical engineering hand book 3e éd. MeGRaw-Hill(1974) [8] Sadura (J.F.) – Initiation aux transferts thermiques. Ed. Tech ? et Doc. ; Paris (1982) réedition 1993. [9] The solar energy option Bshiru Garba GRSC ; AUGUSTINE N. EBOATU FSESN; ABUBAKAR S. SAMBO FSESN SOKOTO Energy Reseach Centre, 1999. [10] HUETZ(J.) et PETIT (J.P) – Notions de transfert thermique par convection Ed. Techniques de l'ingénieur, traité Genie énergétique 1 1504 – 1990

Abstract: Nigeria as a nation is experiencing a tremor in its National security based on the indiscriminate bombings and killings in the country which is attributed to religious, political and/ or ethnic fight. The United States defense has used geospatial intelligence to manage its national security in the past years and it has yielded by the cracking down of the big terrorist and terrorist organization in the world. This was achieved by its massive investment and commitment in its space programs. In bid to emulate the US, this study aimed to promote geospatial intelligence amongst the Nigerian Security Agencies towards achieving a stable National Security.

[1]. Abdulsalami A. The Challenges of Security in Nigeria, NEWSWATCH Magazine, February 21, 2005.
[2]. Bacastow, T S. (2010). The Learner's Guide to Geospatial Analysis. Dutton eEducation Institute, Penn State University.
[3]. Bacastow, T.S. and Bellafiore, D.J. (2009). Redefining geospatial intelligence. American Intelligence Journal. Pp 38-40.
[4]. Bridges, D.M. (2010). A Structured Geospatial Analytic Method and Pedagogy for the Intelligence Community. International Association of Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysts (IALEIA) Journal. 19 (1).

Abstract: Candy was prepared with 4 different combinations of To (control), sliced citron peel + 30% sugar + Potassium metabisulphite, T2 (Sliced citron peel + 40% sugar + Potassium metabisulphite and T3 (sliced citron peel + 50% sugar + Potassium metabisulphite) To establish the best product, sensory evaluation was done on 9-point Hedonic scale. T2 was found to be most preferred candy. These were assessed for organoleptic quality during storage at room temperature (25–30 °C) for 6 months. Candy can be preserved safely for 6 months in polythene bags.

Keywords: Citron peel, candy and sugar.

[1]. Agri. Stat. Pakistan. 2008-2009. Agricultural Statistic of Pak. Govt. of Pakistan. Ministry of Food, Agri. and Livestock (Economic Wing) Islamabad, Pak: 34-55.
[2]. AOAC. 2000. Official Methods of Analysis. The Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 17th Edn. Chap. 17.
[3]. Benitez, E. I., D. B. Genovese and J. E. Lozano. 2009. Effect of typical sugars on the viscosity and colloidal stability of apple juice. Food Hydro. 23: 519 – 525.
[4]. Bhattacherjee, A. K., A. Dikshit, S. Lumar and D. K. Tandon. 2012. Quality evaluation of aonla candy and segments in syrup prepared from steep preserved fruits in water. Indian J. Natural Prod. & Resources. 4(1): 119-122.
[5]. Durrani, A. M., P. K. Srivastava and S. Verma. 2011. Development and quality evaluation of honey based carrot candy. J Food Sci Tech. 48(4):502–505.

Abstract: The study investigated indoor air pollution in the school workshop as an environmental stressor affecting students' effective workshop practice. 183 NCE Technical students in 300 Level which comprised of 73 and 112 students from Federal Colleges of Education (Technical), Asaba and Omoku, Nigeria respectively during the 2008/2009 academic session was used for the study. The Indoor Air Pollution Stressor and Performance Questionnaire (IAPSPQ) were used to collect data. Reliability of the instrument was 0.99; and the Arithmetic Mean,

1] NCCE, Minimum standards for NCE teachers- vocational and technical. (Abuja: National Commission for Colleges of Education, 2008).

[2] D. D. Duru, Achieving effective woodwork practice in technical institutions in Nigeria. Studies in Technical Teacher Education, 4(1), 2001, 23- 28.

[3] J. D. Enemali, Effective teaching and learning of technical vocational skills. Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, 1(4), 2006, 9-28.

[4] S. W. Wodi, Effects of guided discovery instructional methods on auto-mechanics achievement and retention of technical school students, doctorial diss. Department of Technology and Vocational Education, Enugu State University Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria, 2005.

[5] E. U. Etukudo, The effect of laboratory and discussion methods of teaching on students' performance in mathematics at the secondary level. The Nigerian Teacher Today, 12(1), 2004, 32-37.

Abstract: Given the mode of operation of Global System for Mobile(GSM) technology, Base Transceivers' Stations (BTS) are required for the provision of GSM service, consequently the network of base stations are established in areas that enjoyed the GSM service all over Nigeria. With the erratic situation of electricity supply in Nigeria, the telecommunication companies ensure that there is no break in transmission in their services due to power failure. These telecommunication providers made available diesel plants for constant electricity supply to their Base Transceivers' Stations in order to maintain efficiency in their services. This study is aimed at investigating the level of noise pollution from Base Transceivers Stations in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC),

[1]. Aderoju, O M. Assessment of dumpsites for sustainable Development Using Geospatial Techniques: A case Study of Minna Niger State. ARCSSTEE Alumni Biannual Conference, 22th -24th August 2012.
[2]. Alesheikh AA, Sadeghi Naeeni Fard F. Design and Implementation of a Knowledge Based System to Improve Maximum Likelihood Classification Accuracy" Canadian J Remote Sensing, 2007; 33(6): 459-467.
[3]. Ahmad J, Abbas A, Reem S (2006) Evaluation of Traffic Noise Pollution in Amman, Jordan. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 120: 499-525.
[4]. Akinbulire T.O., Oluseyi P.O., Awosepe C.O.A., Okoro O.I. Data-based analysis of power system crisis in Nigeria. Esptaee. Esptaee. University of Nigeria, Nsukka (2008).
[5]. Bond M (1996) Plague by Noise, New Scientist 16 : 14-15

Abstract: In this case, a female Timorensis deer (Cervus timorensis) belong to Taman Pertanian Universiti (TPU), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), was in labour for 5 hours. The limbs of the fawn were found hanging from the vulva at the general inspection. Request for veterinary assistance was initiated and the deer was isolated in dark room. Restraining was conducted physically without any tranquilizers or anaesthesia. On physical examination,

[1] S.E. Aiello, A. Mays, H.E. Amstutz, D.P. Anderson, S.J. Armour, L.B. Jeffcoh, F.M. Loew and A.M. Wolf, The Merck Veterinary Manual ( 9th Ed. Merck and Co. INC. United States, 2005). [2] E.L. Bliss, Obstetric and Neonatal Care in Goats. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Theriogenology, Orlando, FL, Sept. 16-17, 1988, p283. [3] J. Engum, and O. Lyngset, Gynecology and Obstetric in the Goats (Iowa State Uni. Vet. 32, 120. 1970). [4] G. Semiadi, P.D. Muir, T.N. Barry, C.J. Veltman, and J. Hodgson, Grazing patterns of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) in captivity, New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research, 36, 1993, 253-260. [5] B.C. Emerson, and M.L. Tate, Genetic analysis of evolutionary relationships among deer subfamily Cervinae, Journal of Heredity, 84 (4), 1993, 266-273.

Abstract: This study assessed chromium pollution in soils, plants, water and slag from a ferrochrome smelting plant in Gweru, Zimbabwe. Speciation of chromium in plant leaves, soil and slag samples was carried out by selective leaching of Cr (VI) using a sodium carbonate leaching procedure prior to the spectrophotometric determination of Cr (VI). Total Cr and Cr (III) concentration in the samples were analyzed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy following aqua regia and oxidative acid digestion. The average concentration of Cr (VI) in soil (1.0301 ± 0.0854) μgg-1 and plant (0.3372 ± 0.0168) μgg-1 samples were higher relative to control samples with the contamination factors of 3.2 and 3, respectively. Leaching of hexavalent Cr indicated its poor solubility in water (0.00141 μgg-1).

Key words: Speciation; Chromium; Ferrochrome slag; leaching

[1]. Andjelković, D.H., Andjelković, T.D., Nikolić, R.S., Purenović, M.M., Blagojević, S.D., Bojić, A.L.J and Ristić, M.M. (2012) Leaching of chromium from chromium contaminated soil – a speciation study and geochemical modeling. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 77 (1) 119–129
[2]. Barcan V. and Kovnatsky E. (1998) Soil surface geochemical anomaly around the copper-nickel metallurgical smelter. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 103: 197- 218.
[3]. Beukes, J.P. and Guest, R.N. (2001) Cr(VI) generation during milling. Mineral Engineering, 14, 423- 430
[4]. Chaurand, P., Rose, J., Proux, O., Hazemann, J. L., Briois, V., Salome, M., Susini, J., Ferrasse, J. H., Borschneck, D., Bottero, J. Y. (2006). In Environmental impact of steel slag reused as aggregates in road manufacturing: Molecular mechanisms of chromium and vanadium release, 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13), Stanford, CA, Jul 09-14,; Hedman, B.; Painetta, P., Eds. Amer Inst Physics: Stanford, CA, 2006; pp 199-201.

Abstract: The physiological weight loss of Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa ) in different media showed that in ambient temperature, 40% sugar solution(A T) media, has the highest shelf life and it is 8 days. The pulp prepared from RABI-3 and American Festival variety can be preserved for 120 days. The composition of quality parameters were reduced very little (after 120 days) i.e. reduced amount is very low. In RABI-3, Moisture content were 37.63%, TS 62.37% , pH 3.21, TSS 61.8% total sugar 54.2%, reducing sugar 18.01%, non reducing sugar 36.19%, acidity 0.218%, sugar acid ratio 248.42 and vitamin C 27.35% respectably on 120 days. In American Festival variety the moisture were 39.39%, TS 60.59%, pH 3.00, TSS 59.1%, total sugar 46.3%, reducing sugar 15.6%, non reducing sugar 30.70%, acidity 0.228%, sugar acid ratio 203.10 and vitamin C 27.06 on the effect of 120 days storage period.

Key words: American Festival variety, Fragaria x ananassa, Preservation, RABI-3, Shelf life.

[1] C.A. Lundergan, and I.N. Moore, Variability in vitamin C content and color of strawberries in Arkansas, Arkansas Farm Research, 24, 1975, 2. [2] L.M. Ausman. and J. Mayer, Criteria and recommendations for vitamin C intake, Nutrition Reviews, 57, 1999, 222-224.
[3] DRI, Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium and Carotenoids, 2000. Retrieved from http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Activity%20Files/Nutrition/DRIs/DRI_Vitamins.pdf [4] McCance and Widdowson . The Composition of Foods, 4th Edition. (Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1978) [5] P.M. Da Silva, J.E. de Carvalho, F.M. Lajolo, M.I. Genovese and K. Shetty, Evaluation of Antiproliferative, Anti-Type 2 Diabetes, and Antihypertension Potentials of Ellagitannins from Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) Using In Vitro Models, Journal of Medicinal Food, 13(5), 2010, 1027-1035.

Abstract: is gaining expanded interest all over the world. It is considered a renewable source of energy. In this work, safflower was irrigated with primary treated sewage water (PTSW) without fertilization and the extracted seed oil was transesterified to yield biodiesel. Harvest index and oil yield was compared to that irrigated with fresh water (FW). Physical properties for both oils and their parent biodiesels were carried out i.e. viscosity, specific gravity, Iodine value, and cetane number for biodiesel (CN) and chemical composition using gas chromatography.A reduction in harvest index reached 47% for PTSW in comparison to FW was recorded.

[1] I. Gam and J. Ben Rejeb, Electricity demand inTunisia, Energy Policy, (45) 2012, 714-720. [2] R. Saidur, E.A. Abdelaziz, A. Demirbas, M.S. Hossain and S. Mekhilef, A review on biomass as a fuel for boilers, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, (15),2011, 2262–2289 [3] C. Ofori-Boateng, K.T. Lee and M. Mensah, The prospects of electricity generation from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Ghana : A better waste management option, Fuel Processing Technology, (110), 2013, 94–102. [4] G. Chinellato, C. Cavinato, D. Bolzonella, S. Heaven and C. J. Banks, Biohydrogen production from food waste in batch and semi-continuous conditions: Evaluation of a two-phase approach with digestate recirculation for pH control, international journal o f hydrogen energy, (38)2013, 4351-4360. [5] H. Zhou, D. Löffler and M. Kranert, Model-based predictions of anaerobic digestion of agricultural substrates for biogas production, Bioresource, Technology,(102) 2011, 10819–10828.