iosr-JNHS   Volume-1 ~ Issue-4

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Deep-Fat Frying on Physicochemical Properties of Rice Bran Oil Blends
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Monika Choudhary, Kiran Grover
	:	10.9790/1959-0140110

Abstract: Rice bran oil, non conventional oil was blended with six traditional oils in the ratio of 70:30 and 80:20 for the enhancement of its market acceptability and awareness in consumers regarding its use in cooking. Effect of deep-fat frying on these blends was studied by assessing the changes in percent fat absorption and physicochemical properties during repeated frying process (three times). The physicochemical properties like smoke point, frying temperature, viscosity, peroxide value, iodine value, acid value, free fatty acids and saponification value of six rice bran oil blends were evaluated. By comparing all the RBO blends in terms of repeated frying process and changes in physical and chemical parameters, RBO+PO in both ratios was found to be the most stable frying medium up to third frying. So, this study will help the oil producing industry to find the most economically viable oil blends with desirable physicochemical properties for cooking purposes.

Keywords- Acid value , Iodine value, Peroxide value, Saponification value, Smoke point

[1]. P. Ramesh and M. Murughan, Edible oil consumption in India. Asia and Middle East Food Trade Journal, 3, 2008, 8-9.
[2]. MOFPI. (2011). Ministry of Food Processing of India. http://mofpi.nic.in/Content Page.aspx?CategoryId=687
[3]. K.P. Ghosh, D. Chatterjee and P. Bhattacharjee, Alternative methods of frying and antioxidant stability in soybean oil. Advance Journal of Food Science and Technology, 4, 2012, 26-33.
[4]. E. Choe and D.B. Min, Chemistry of deep-fat frying oils. Journal of Food Science, 72, 2007, 77-86.
[5]. G. Boskou, F.N. Salta, A. Chiou, E. Troullidou and N.K. Andrikopoulos, Content of trans, trans-2,4-decadienal in deep-fried and pan-fried potatoes. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 108, 2006, 109-115.
[6]. H. Shibasaki and T. Yamane, Avoidance of solidification of sesame oil at low temperature by self interesterification with immobilized lipase. Bioscience Biotechnology Biochemistry, 64, 2000, 1011-15.
[7]. J. Reyes-Hernandez, E. Dibildox-Alvarado, M. Charo-Alonso and J. Toro-Vazquez, Physicochemical and rheological properties of crystallized blends containing trans -free and partially hydrogenated soybean oil. Journal of American Oil Chemist's Society, 84, 2007, 1081-93.
[8]. I. Nor Aini and S. Sabariah, Edible uses of palm kernel oil and its products, in Y. Basiron, A. Darus, M.A. Ngan, C.K.Weng (Eds.), Palm kernel products: characterisitics and applications, Kaulalumpur, Malaysian: Palm Oil Board, 2005, 95-118.
[9]. I. Nor Hayati, A. Aminah, S. Mamot , I. Nor Aini and H.M. Nor Lida, Physical characteristics of modified milk fat in high melting fat preparation, International Journal of Food Science and Nutrition, 53, 2002, 43-54.
[10]. K.A.G. Gopal, S. Khatoon and R. Babylatha, Frying performance of processed rice bran oils. Journal of Food Lipids, 12, 2005, 1-11.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Hematological profile of anemic pregnant women attending antenatal hospital
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sharma P., Nagar R.
	:	10.9790/1959-0141115

Abstract: Objective : To study the hematological profile of anemic pregnant women who were attending antenatal hospital. Material and Methods : Pregnant women who had hemoglobin value of < 11gm were selected. Total 66 anemic pregnant women were enrolled for the study.. Pretested questionnaire was used to collect general information. Blood samples were collected by qualified technician for hematological estimation. Results : Out of total 66 anemic pregnant women who participated, 11 (16%) belong to age group <20, 36 (54%) belong to 20-25 and 19 (30%) were from > 25 years. Out of 66, 28 (42%) belong to primi gravidae, 26 (39%) multigravidae and 12 (19%) belong to grand multi gravidae. Among 66 participants, 40.92% were mild anemic, 54.54% were moderate and 4.54% were severe anemic. Other hematological parameters like RBC, MCV, HCT, MCHC, MCH were also below the normal range. Conclusion: There is a need to monitor hematological parameters during pregnancy and thereby improve the outcome of pregnancy.

Key Words : Pregnancy, Hematological parameters, Anemia, gravidae.

[1] CS. Gautam,L. Saha,K. Sekhri and Saha PK.. Iron deficiency in pregnancy and rationality of iron supplements prescribed during pregnancy. Medscape J. Med. 10 (12) , 2008, 283.

[2] Dc Mayer EM, Tegman A. Prevalence of Anemia in the World. World Health Organ Qlty 1998; 38 : 302-316.

[3] World Health Organization. Prevention and management of severe anemia in pregnancy. Report of a Technical Working Group, Geneva, 20-22 May 1991. Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme, Geneva : WHO; 1993.

[4] Imam TS, Yahaya A. Packed cell volume of pregnant women attending Dawakin Kudu General Hospital, Kano state, Nigeria. Int Jor P App Scs ; 2(2), 2008; 46-50.

[5] Hallberg L. Iron balance in pregnancy. In : Berger H. (Ed.) Vitamins and minerals in pregnancy and lactation. New York : Raven Press : 1988, 115-127.

[6] Kansal B, Guleria K, Agarwal N, Sethi K . Effect of maternal nutritional supplementation on foetal growth parameters and doppler flow velocity in growth restricted foetuses. Ind J Nutr Dietet,41:2004,198-204.

[7] James TR, Reid HL., Mullings MA. Are Published standards for haematological indices in pregnancy applicable across population. An evaluation in healthy pregnant Jamacian women. BMC Pregnancy Child Birth, 8, 2008, 8.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effectiveness of Protocol For The Staff Nurses on Discharge Program of Mentally Ill Patients Admitted In A Selected Hospital.
Country	:	Oman
Authors	:	Joshy Abraham, Jaimy Scaria, Chanu Bhattacharya
	:	10.9790/1959-0141620

Abstract: The main aim of the study was to assess the practice of discharge procedure among the staff nurses and to prepare a discharge protocol to improve the nursing practice in psychiatric wards. Guidelines of practice with rationale were given through the protocol which included step wise procedure during the discharge of mentally ill patient. Objectives : To identify the practices followed by the nurses during the discharge procedure of mentally ill patient by an observation check list & To determine the effectiveness of protocol in terms of gain in practice score. Setting: Study has done in Father Muller Medical College Psychiatric ward in India. Method: An evaluatory approach with one group pre-test and post test design was adopted for the study. The data was collected by administering a structured observation check list by the investigator before and after implementation of protocol. Result: The result of the study showed there is significant difference in the mean pre-test score with mean of (5.2) and post-test (25.5). Conclusion: The result suggested that the protocol was effective in improving the practice of the staff nurses regarding the discharge procedure. Majority of staff nurses were not aware of the proper discharge procedure and the findings of the study support the need for protocols and educational programmes to improve the practice in staff nurses. Educating the staff nurses with new information can help them to educate the patient and the relatives to prevent complications and readmissions.

Keywords: Discharge; Protocol; effectiveness; implementation; staff nurse..

[1]. Asir R. A comparative study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on activities of daily activities for schizophrenia and manic episodes of mood disorder clients admitted in psychiatric care unit in a selected hospital in Mangalore. Unpublished Masters of Nursing thesis submitted to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore. 2005.
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[8]. Osuji IJ, Cullum CM. Cognition in Bipolar Disorder. Psychiatric clinics of North America 2005; 28: 427-441).
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The use of complementary and alternative medicine in cancer patient of north India.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Professor Bhatt
	:	10.9790/1959-0142124

Abstract:Background: The aim of this study was to explore the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among cancer patients undergoing treatment in north Indian region.

Key words- alternative medicine , complementary medicine ,homeopathic.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The role of ultrasound in diagnosis of obstructive Jaundice causes in Sudanese population
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	Moawia Gamersddin , Rasha Abdalgaffar, Mohamed yousef
	:	10.9790/1959-0142528

Abstract: This study was done to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosis ofobstructive jaundicecauses. The study took place in different Khartoum clinical centers and hospitals in the period between Jan 2010 – March 2011.A total of 102 patients were examined using ultrasound(U/S), 3.5 MHz probe, Fukuda, Toshiba, Sheimadzu and Aloka Machine. The population of the study(jaundiced patients)had been selected by the technique of non-probability sampling and full history was taken.The causes of obstructive jaundice were detected as stone 19%., mass 51%,Sensitivity of ultrasound in determining the level of obstruction was 96% and extra hepatic obstruction was 67%. The prevalence ofobstructive jaundice was found to behigher in females (58%) than male (42%).Ascites and liver cirrhosis were found in 24% of the patients, hepatitis and hepatomegaly represent 33%.The study confirmed that obstructive jaundice represent 89.2% of the patients and non- obstructive jaundice was 10.8%.The study recommended to measure bile duct, liver size, portal vein, spleen and compare the liver echo texture with the adjacent organs .Scanning should be performedfor liver metastasis and also detect stone in the common bile duct.

Key words: Ultrasound , obstructive jaundice ,ascites , Liver disease,non-obstructive jaundice, Sudanese patients

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Diabetic compliance: A qualitative study from the patient's perspective in developing countries
Country	:	Oman
Authors	:	Mrs. Jansiraninatarajan, Msc (N)
	:	10.9790/1959-0142938

Abstract: Objectives: India faces an epidemic of T2DM and is referred as a diabetic capital of Asia (WHO-2010). Compliance to therapeutic regimen in T2DM is a public health problem. Many studies have assessed the level of compliance, but the factors influencing compliance from patient perspective are remarkably absent. This paper reports about the motivating factors and barriers to therapeutic regimen from the perspectives of Type2DM patients of India. Research design and Methods: A qualitative study with in-depth interviews was conducted in 75 T2DM patients who had been diagnosed for at least 1 year prior to the study with no co-morbidities using convenient sampling method attending a Multi-specialty tertiary hospital in Chennai, South-India. Data collection and data analysis were conducted concurrently. The Audio-taped interviews were transcribed into verbatim. Each verbatim transcript was read several times, and the data were coded line by line. Codes were constantly compared with each other for similarity and dissimilarity and were grouped to form themes. Results: Three major themes and 9 sub-themes have emerged regarding their perspectives on the motivating factors and barriers from repeated coding. They are (1) Level of knowledge on causes, complications, treatment (2) Impact of Diabetes-psychological, social and (3) Compliance to treatment regimen-diet and nutrition, exercise, medications, self-monitoring and follow-up. They expressed acquiring knowledge, family support, lack of time and their emotions to be playing a greater role in their compliance towards therapeutic regimen. Conclusion: Because T2DM is a chronic illness requiring a variety of self-management behaviors, a patient centered collaborative model of care recognizing patient autonomy provides a more skillful approach to improving their compliance.

Keywords - Type2Diabetes Mellitus, Compliance, therapeutic regimen, patient perspectives.

[1]. Diabetes Epidemic out of Control, Press release, International Diabetic Federation. 2006. Dec, [Last accessed on 2010 Sep 2]. Available from: http://www.IDF
[2]. World Health Organization: Report on Medication Adherence. Geneva, World Health Org., 2005 World Health Organization. What is diabetes? http://www.who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/print.html. Published September 2006. Accessed September 10, 2008.
[3]. WHO: A report; Chronic Diseases - Poor compliance of Patients with drug treatment[online] [Last cited on 2010 Oct 02]Available from: http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/In-Chronic-Diseases---Poor-compliance-of-Patients-with-drug-treatment--2097-1
[4]. Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Lauritzen T, Snoek FJ, Matthews DR, Skovlund SE: Psychosocial problems and barriers to improved diabetes management: results of the Cross-National Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN) Study. Diabet Med 22:1379 -1385, 2005
[5]. Medco Study on Diabetic Non-Compliance, 2005, Epstein, Robert MD. http://www.hreonline.com/HRE/story.jsp?storyId=5059249
[6]. Joyce A Cramer "A systematic review of adherence with medications for diabetes." Diabetes Care 2004 1218 - 1224
[7]. Bhattacharya N.etal "A study of compliance status of diabetic patients" Indian journal of public health , Jan - Mar 2005; 49 (1) 34-35
[8]. Watkins, J.D., Williams, T.F., Martin, D.A., Hogan, M.D., and Anderson, E. A study of diabetic patients at home. American Journal of Public Health, 1967, :5452-7459.
[9]. Williams, T.F., Anderson, E., Watkins, J.D., and Coyle, V. Dietary errors made at home by patients with diabetes. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, :151996-1275,.
[10]. Cerkoney, K.A.B., and Hart, L.K. The relationship between the health belief model and compliance of persons with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 1980, 3:594-598.

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	"Breast Milk Application-An Emerging Trend to Reduce Timing of Cord Separation (Tcs) Among Newborns".
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ms. Soujanya J. Pujar, Mrs. Deepa M. R, Ms. Frincy Francis
	:	10.9790/1959-0143942

Abstract: Umbilical cord as a vital part supports the foetus in the womb in supply of oxygen and other nutrients. Majority i.e., 135millions of live births are occurring in less developed countries in a year. Omphalitis is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in these countries. As per many researchers, breast milk is found to be an effective tropical agent in reducing timings of cord separation and thereby reducing the risk of omphalitis. The study conducted BLDEA's hospital, Bijapur. 60newborns delivered by C.S and normally were selected out of which 30 in experimental group and 30 in control group using purposive sampling technique. An observational checklist was used to note the timing of cord separation. Result of the post test score revealed that the breast milk application had great impact in reducing the timing of cord separation. The post test mean score in Experimental group(8.8) is found to be higher than the post test mean score in Control group (5.1). The t-test value was 25.9 which is statistically significant at p<0.05. This proves the effectiveness of breast milk application on the umbilical cord.

Key Terms: Breast milk, normal newborn, timing of cord separation.

[1]. D.C. Dutta, Text book of Obstetrics (New Central Book agency, Calcutta 2004).
[2]. Ebtsan S. Mahrous, Mirret M. Darwish, Soheir A. Dabash and et al, Topical application of human milk reduces umbilical cord separation time and bacterial colonization compared to Ethanol in newborns, Translational Biomedicines, 3, 2012, 1-8.
[3]. Dirk W. Lachnmier, Safety evaluation of topical application of Ethanol on the skin, Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology, 2008.
[4]. Excerpts from Survey report by MOHFW, New delhi.
[5]. K. Part, Text book of Preventive and Social Medicine ( Banarasi Das Bhanot Publication , Jabalpur, 22nd ed).
[6]. Kacho AM, Zahedpasha Y, Hajain K and et al, The effect of topical application of human milk, ethyl alcohol 96% and silver sulphadiazine on umbilical cord separation time in newborn infants, Archives of Indian Medicine, 9 (1), 2006, 33-39.
[7]. Farahani AL, Mohammadzerdeh A, Tafazzolin M and et al, effect of topical application of breast milk and dry cord care on bacterial

Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Aging and Nutrition: A Review Article
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shruti Singh & Sunita Mishra
	:	10.9790/1959-0144347

Abstract: Aging is defined as a genetic physiological process associated with morphological and functional changes in cellular and extracellular components aggravated by injury trough out life and resulting in a progressive imbalance of the control regulatory systems of the organism, including hormonal, autocrine, neuroendocrine and immune homeostatic mechanisms. Nutrition has solid potential in preserving youth and vitality. Calcium & Vitamin- D prevents osteoporosis and maintain healthy bones, Vitamin B12 to build red blood cells and maintain healthy nerves, Zinc to help compensate for lowered immunity due to ageing, Potassium is needed especially in the presence of high blood pressure, Folic acid & Vitamin- B, help in DNA and red blood cells formation ,can lower the levels of haemocysteine(associated with heart disease), Fiber prevents constipation, Omega-3 fatty acids prevents cardiac death by blocking fatal heart rhythms and keeps arteries healthy and reduces the sickness of platelets in the blood, vitamin- C and E & the phytochemicals; lutein, zeaxanthin & beta-carotene prevent or slow the onset of age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer's disease, water keeps the body hydrated and cleansed. Avocado, Berries, Cruciferous vegetables, garlic, ginger, nuts, soya, watermelon, salmon, yogurt, turmeric, grapes, broccoli, whole grains, olive oils, tomatoes, fish, green tea, dark chocolates, red wine, pomegranates are some top anti aging foods.

Key Words: Aging, Nutrition, Antioxidants, Anti-aging foods

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Work Related Perceptions among Nursing Staff in Tertiary Care Hospital Of Mumbai, India
Country	:	India
Authors	:	GD Velhal, Surekha Sawant, Hemant Mahajan, Amrita Rao
	:	10.9790/1959-0144855

Abstract: Objective: (1) To assess the work load and job satisfaction among Nursing staff. (2) To assess special provisions available for them. Materials and Methodology: The present descriptive epidemiological study which had adopted exploratory survey design was carried out during July 2009 to June 2010 in Topiwala National Medical College and Nair Hospital (Twin Institute), a Tertiary Health Care Hospital in Mumbai, India after taking prior approval from higher authorities. Representative group of 60 (females) nursing staff (48 staff nurses and 12 sister in-charge) were selected by simple random method and interviewed using pre-formed, pre-tested semi structured interview schedule. Results: Majority of nursing staff members (88.3%) did not receive job orientation. Average number of problems stated by Sisters in-charge was 2.5 and that of Staff nurses was 5.14. Two third of Sisters in-charge (66.67%) and half of the Staff nurses (52.88%) had expressed dissatisfaction. Most common reason reported was shortage of staff and servants and hence the overwork, mental stress and burnt out phenomenon. None of the nursing staff had clear idea about expected 'nurses: bed ratio' as per the guidelines of the nursing council of India. Conclusion and Recommendations: Dissatisfaction among most of the staff members deserves proper attention. The problems need to be appropriately quantified and whatever measures which can be undertaken immediately should be initiated at earliest. Emphasis should be given on long term planning of professional development of nursing staff rather than promoting only service aspects.

Key Words: Job analysis, Job satisfaction, Nursing staff, work load.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nurses' Experiences toward Perception of Medication Administration Errors Reporting
Country	:	Egypt
Authors	:	Suliman Ali Al-Youssif, Lobna Khamis Mohamed., Nabila Salim Mohamed
	:	10.9790/1959-0145670

Abstract: Background: Patient safety is a significant challenge facing healthcare systems today. An important part of patient safety is the issue of medication administration within the acute-care setting that has long been the focus of scrutiny and research because it contributes directly to patient morbidity and mortality. Aim: The current study aimed to assess the input from nurses based on their clinical experiences towards perception of occurrence and reporting of medication administration errors, as well as the extent to which errors are reported on their units. Design: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional survey using self-report questionnaire. Setting: The present study was carried out in all departments of King Khalid Public Governorate Hospital in Hafer El-Batin at Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Subjects: A convenience sample of 253 nursing staff worked in the previous mentioned setting. Tools: The data gathering tool was Medication Administration Errors (MAEs) Reporting Questionnaire which was developed by Wakefield et al. (1996) and was modified by the researchers. It contained 65 questions; 29 items regarding reasons why medication errors occur, 16 items regarding reasons why medication errors not reporting and 20 items regarding what percentage of each type of medication error actually reported on units which divided into 9 items for non intravenous and 11 items for intravenous medication administration errors. Results: This study suggested five categories for reasons of why MAEs occur and three categories for reasons of why MAEs not reporting. Nurses perceive low percentages of MAEs reporting. Emergency room was more likely to report medication administration errors than other units. Conclusion: Medication errors are common in clinical practice. Actually, reducing these errors requires the commitment of everyone with a stake in keeping patients safe; physician who wrote the prescription, pharmacist who dispensed it and the nurse who received the medicine and administered to the patient, all play an important role in preventing medication errors reaching to patient. Recommendation: This study recommended for provision of ongoing education & training on safe medication administration and utilization of medication information guide though developing self-report logbook.

Keywords: Medication administration errors, Reporting of medication errors, Patient safety, Perception

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Leadership Styles and Clinical Decision Making Autonomy among Critical Care Nurses: A Comparative Study
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	Shereen Ragab Dorgham, Sana A. Al.Mahmoud
	:	10.9790/1959-0147183

Abstract: Nurses require greater autonomy and participation in decision making, nurse participation in decision making in an organization varies depending on many factors, including the influence of nurse manager leadership and collaboration with physicians. Aim. The aim of the current study was to assess dominant leadership styles , level of decision making autonomy among critical care nurses and relationship between leadership style and decision making autonomy. Design. A descriptive cross-sectional correlation research design was utilized in this research. Setting .The current study was carried out at two hospitals' namely; King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) in Saudi Arabia and at Tanta Main University Hospital in Egypt in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Subjects. The study subjects encompassed all full time nursing staff convenient sample in previous settings (n = 27) Head nurses 16 from Egypt, 11 from KSA, and Critical Care nurses ( n= 74 ) divided as the following ; 35 from Egypt and 39 from KSA . Tools. Two tools were used in this study. Tool I. It was structured questionnaire , assessed decision making autonomy . It included two parts ; part one was demographic data (7 items), part two was autonomy issue (18 items). The autonomy domain comprised 18 items ( knowledge 6, action 6, value 6 ). Tool II Assessed leadership styles , it included two parts ;part one was demographic data (6 items) ; age, sex, experience (general and specific in the unit), last education, type of hospital, type of unit , part two: Leadership styles Questionnaire this questionnaire was designed to measure three common styles of leadership: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez –fair. It composed of 18 statements. The respondents were presented with a five point likert scale, the number indicates the degree to which the respondents agree or disagree [5-1]. Results. In KSA studied nurses had the highest mean score. for total autonomy scale. A s well as, there are statistical significant difference for two bases of autonomy knowledge, and action bases also total autonomy. Conclusion. Overall, results of the present study revealed head nurses applied situational leadership theory in both countries. As well as, in KSA nurses had higher decision making autonomy than nurses in Egypt. Recommendation. ICU nurse managers should foster nurses' autonomy by enabling them to exercise clinical decision-making, and Actively supporting nursing decisions and nursing accountability.

Key words: Autonomy, autonomy decision making, critical care nurse, leadership styles

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