Volume-3 ~ Issue-2
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antiemetic in Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia: new option |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Balaram Ghosh, Suman Chattopadhyay, Tapan Kr. Naskar, Biswanath Biswas, Manasi Banerjee, Mihir Sarkar |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0320105  |
Abstract:Objective: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean<
delivery are distressing to patients, anaeathesist and surgeon. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy
and safety of granisetron and ramosetron (both potent 5HT3 receptor antagonist) on the incidences of nausea
and vomiting in caesarean delivery after spinal anaesthesia in India.
Place & Duration of Study: The study was done at Eden Hospital, Medical College, Kolkata 700073, India for
six months (November, 2011 to April, 2012).
Patients, Design & Methods of Study: In this randomized, double-blind study, 120 parturients (60 in each
group) received granisetron (2mg in 2 ml) or ramosetron (0.3 mg in 2 ml) intravenously immediately after
clamping of the foetal umbilical cord. Nausea, vomiting and adverse events were then observed for 48 h after
administration of spinal anaesthesia.
Results: A complete response (defined as no postoperative nausea and vomiting) during first 0-2 h
postoperative after administration of spinal anaesthesia was achieved in 83.3 % of patients with granisetron
and in 86% of patients with ramosetron. The corresponding incidence during 2 to 24 h was 85% and 88.3 %,
while it was 70% and 91.6% at 24–48 h after anesthesia (p < 0.05). At 24–48 h after anesthesia, nausea and
vomiting were less severe in patients who received ramosetron than in those who received granisetron (p <
0.05). Patients who received ramosetron were also more satisfied than those who received granisetron (p <
0.05). No difference in adverse events was observed in any of the groups.
Conclusion: Prophylactic therapy with ramosetron is more effective than prophylactic therapy with granisetron for the long-term prevention of PONV in caesarean section in India.
Conclusion: Prophylactic therapy with ramosetron is more effective than prophylactic therapy with granisetron for the long-term prevention of PONV in caesarean section in India.
[1] Santos A, Dutta S. Prophylactic use of droperidol for control of nausea and vomiting during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean
section. Anesth Analg 1984; 63 : 85-7.
[2] Lussos S, BaderA, Thornhill M, Datta S. The anti-emetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective caesarean
delivery during spinal anaesthesia. Reg. Anaesthesia 1992; 17: 126-130.
[3] Habib AS, Gan TJ. Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 326-41.
[4] Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H and Toyooka H. Granisetron/dexamethasone combination for the prevention of postoperative nausea
and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17 : 64-68.
[5] Janknegt R. Double-blind comparative study of droperidol, granisetron and granisetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic
therapy in patients undergoing abdominal, gynaecological, breast or otolaryngological surgery. Anaesthesia 1999; 54 : 1059-
68.
[6] Rabasseda X. Ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the control of nausea and vomiting. Drugs Today 2002; 38 :75-89.
[7] Akuzawa S, Ito H, Yamaguchi T. Comparative study of ramosetron and granisetron binding in the cloned human 5-
hydroxytryptamine3receptors. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998; 78: 381-4.
[8] Feng FY, Zhang P, He HJ, Li YH, Zhou MZ, Cheng G, Yamamoto M. Comparison of the selective serotonin 3 antagonists
ramosetron and granisetron in treating acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, nausea, and anorexia: a single-blind, randomized,
crossover study. Current Therapeutic Research 2000: 61: 901-9.
[9] Gautam PL, Kaul TK. PONV- An unsolved problem : Editotial J Anaesthesaiology Clinical Pharmacology 2002; 18 : 3-4.
[10] Fujii Y, Tanaka H. Comparison of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy. Clin
Ther 2002; 24:766-72.
section. Anesth Analg 1984; 63 : 85-7.
[2] Lussos S, BaderA, Thornhill M, Datta S. The anti-emetic efficacy and safety of prophylactic metoclopramide for elective caesarean
delivery during spinal anaesthesia. Reg. Anaesthesia 1992; 17: 126-130.
[3] Habib AS, Gan TJ. Evidence-based management of postoperative nausea and vomiting: a review. Can J Anaesth 2004; 51: 326-41.
[4] Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H and Toyooka H. Granisetron/dexamethasone combination for the prevention of postoperative nausea
and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17 : 64-68.
[5] Janknegt R. Double-blind comparative study of droperidol, granisetron and granisetron plus dexamethasone as prophylactic antiemetic
therapy in patients undergoing abdominal, gynaecological, breast or otolaryngological surgery. Anaesthesia 1999; 54 : 1059-
68.
[6] Rabasseda X. Ramosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the control of nausea and vomiting. Drugs Today 2002; 38 :75-89.
[7] Akuzawa S, Ito H, Yamaguchi T. Comparative study of ramosetron and granisetron binding in the cloned human 5-
hydroxytryptamine3receptors. Jpn J Pharmacol 1998; 78: 381-4.
[8] Feng FY, Zhang P, He HJ, Li YH, Zhou MZ, Cheng G, Yamamoto M. Comparison of the selective serotonin 3 antagonists
ramosetron and granisetron in treating acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, nausea, and anorexia: a single-blind, randomized,
crossover study. Current Therapeutic Research 2000: 61: 901-9.
[9] Gautam PL, Kaul TK. PONV- An unsolved problem : Editotial J Anaesthesaiology Clinical Pharmacology 2002; 18 : 3-4.
[10] Fujii Y, Tanaka H. Comparison of granisetron and ramosetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting after thyroidectomy. Clin
Ther 2002; 24:766-72.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The effects of Honey and Aloe Vera extract on Ibuprofen Induced Liver Damage in rats. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | A.M. Garba, B. Mohammed, S. H. Garba*, A. I. Numan, B. M. Dalori |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-03206106 |
Abstract :This study was designed to determine the effect of Aloe Vera extract and honey against ibuprofen
induced liver damage in albino rats. A total of twenty five (25) adult male albino rats weighing 100-150g were
divided into five groups (I, II, III, IV and V) of five rats each. Rats in group I served as control and were
administered normal saline in a volume equivalent to the highest dosed group, rats in group II were
administered 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen, rats in group III were administered 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen and 10 gkg-1
of Aloe Vera extract , rats in group IV were administered 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen and 10 gkg-1 of honey while
rats in group V were administered with 100mgkg-1 of ibuprofen , 10 gkg-1 of Aloe Vera extract and 10 gkg-1 of
honey orally. The result showed a slight increase in liver weight, a significant increase (P<0.05) in the levels of
Aspartate minotransferases (ASAT) , Alanine aminotransferases (ALAT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the
ibuprofen treated rats when compared to the control rats. Administration of Aloe vera extract and honey did not
reverse the damage caused. Histological findings indicate severe dilation of blood vessel, necrosis of vascular
connective tissues, wide spread vacuolar degeneration, edema and bile duct hyperplasia. The result indicates
that Aloe vera extract and honey has little or no effect in preventing ibuprofen induced toxicity.
Key words: Honey, Aloe vera, Ibuprofen, Hepatotoxic, hyperplasia
Key words: Honey, Aloe vera, Ibuprofen, Hepatotoxic, hyperplasia
[1] Aljadi, A.M. and M.Y. Kamaruddin, (2004). Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Reducing Incidences of Medication Errors at home through Technology |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Priya Prasad, Sanjay P. Wate |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0321116 |
Abstract :Medicines are found almost in every household of India. Due to the complex use of medicines, there
may be many errors, mistakes, doubts and queries related to medicines among outpatients. This is basically a
research survey, conducted to ensure the necessity of a toll free medicine helpline number in India, to answer
the queries of the general public. Mobile phones are the fastest means of communication and obtaining
information instantly. So we can use this technology to get instant information related to medicines. For this
study a questionnaire was designed for outpatients. Their answers were statistically analyzed and based on the
results, conclusions were drawn.
Keyword: Free medical helpline number, healthy citizens, mobile phones, medicines, and medication errors
Keyword: Free medical helpline number, healthy citizens, mobile phones, medicines, and medication errors
[1] National coordinating council for medication error reporting and prevention. About Medication Errors. [updated Jan 2008; cited
2012 August 22]. Available from: http://www.nccmerp.org/aboutMedErrors.html
[2] Five rights of medication administration. Available from: http://www.nurses-neighborhood.com/5-rights.html (accessed August 22,
2012)
[3] L. Leape, D. Bates, and D. Cullen, Systems analysis of adverse drug events.: ADE Prevention Study Group. Journal of American
Medical Association, 274, 1995, 35-43.
[4] V. Dua, C. Kunin, and L. White, The Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Nagpur, India: a window on medical care in a developing
country, Journal of Social Science and Medicines, 38, 1994, 717-24.
[5] A. Kotwani and K. Hokkoway, Trends in antibiotic use among outpatients in New Delhi, India, BMC infectious diseases, 11(1)
2011, 98-9.
[6] J. Smith, Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status, Journal of Economic Perspectives,
13(2), 1999, 145–66.
[7] S.J. Fabricant and N. Hirschhorn , Unprotected Use: irrationality of pharmaceuticals in the developing world, Health Policy and
Planning, 2(3), 1987, 204-213.
[8] H.V. Hogerzeil, Promoting Rational Prescribing: an international perspective, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39 1995,
1-6.
[9] World Health Statistics, Geneva WHO, WHO, 2007.
[10] K. Xu, D. Evans, K. Kawabata, R. Zeramdini, J. Klavus,and C. Murray, Household catastrophic health expenditure: multi-country
analysis, The Lancet, 362, 2003, 111-13.
2012 August 22]. Available from: http://www.nccmerp.org/aboutMedErrors.html
[2] Five rights of medication administration. Available from: http://www.nurses-neighborhood.com/5-rights.html (accessed August 22,
2012)
[3] L. Leape, D. Bates, and D. Cullen, Systems analysis of adverse drug events.: ADE Prevention Study Group. Journal of American
Medical Association, 274, 1995, 35-43.
[4] V. Dua, C. Kunin, and L. White, The Use of Antimicrobial Drugs in Nagpur, India: a window on medical care in a developing
country, Journal of Social Science and Medicines, 38, 1994, 717-24.
[5] A. Kotwani and K. Hokkoway, Trends in antibiotic use among outpatients in New Delhi, India, BMC infectious diseases, 11(1)
2011, 98-9.
[6] J. Smith, Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status, Journal of Economic Perspectives,
13(2), 1999, 145–66.
[7] S.J. Fabricant and N. Hirschhorn , Unprotected Use: irrationality of pharmaceuticals in the developing world, Health Policy and
Planning, 2(3), 1987, 204-213.
[8] H.V. Hogerzeil, Promoting Rational Prescribing: an international perspective, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 39 1995,
1-6.
[9] World Health Statistics, Geneva WHO, WHO, 2007.
[10] K. Xu, D. Evans, K. Kawabata, R. Zeramdini, J. Klavus,and C. Murray, Household catastrophic health expenditure: multi-country
analysis, The Lancet, 362, 2003, 111-13.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Formulation and Evaluation of Roxithromycin Dispersible Tablets Using Super Disintegrants |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Ms.Subhasri Mohapatra, Prof. (Dr.) Sailesh Kumar Ghatuary, Dr. Shradhanjali Pat |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0321720 |
Abstract :Dispersible tablets of Roxithromycin were prepared using a superdisintegrant such as Primogel
powder, Kollidone powder, Crosscaramellose powder , and MCC in different concentration by direct
compression method. Formulations were evaluated for the standard of dispersible tablets . It was observed that
all the formulations were acceptable with reasonable limits of standard required for dispersible tablets. This
study charecterise the most effective superdisintegrant.
Key Words: Dispersible tablet, direct compression, Roxithromycin, super disintegrants.
Key Words: Dispersible tablet, direct compression, Roxithromycin, super disintegrants.
[1] Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients II edition.
[2] Extra pharmacopoeia by Martin Dale.
[3] Essential of Mediccinal pharmacology K.D. Tripathi 4th ed.
[4] SK Bareja; BM Gupta; Indian J. Pharm., 1968, 30,187.
[5] SK Bareja; BM Gupta; Indian J. Pharm., 1968, 30, 247.
[6] BM Mithal; JL Kasid; Indian J. Pharm., 1964, 26, 316.
[7] BM Mithal; VD Gupta; Indian J. Pharm., 1965, 27, 331.
[8] WP Chambers; Quart. J. Pharmacol., 1948, 21, 44.
[9] G Grant; LJ More; J. Sci. Food Ag., 1982, 33, 1324.
[10] G Grant; LJ More; JS Stewart; Br. J. Nutr., 1983, 50, 207.
[2] Extra pharmacopoeia by Martin Dale.
[3] Essential of Mediccinal pharmacology K.D. Tripathi 4th ed.
[4] SK Bareja; BM Gupta; Indian J. Pharm., 1968, 30,187.
[5] SK Bareja; BM Gupta; Indian J. Pharm., 1968, 30, 247.
[6] BM Mithal; JL Kasid; Indian J. Pharm., 1964, 26, 316.
[7] BM Mithal; VD Gupta; Indian J. Pharm., 1965, 27, 331.
[8] WP Chambers; Quart. J. Pharmacol., 1948, 21, 44.
[9] G Grant; LJ More; J. Sci. Food Ag., 1982, 33, 1324.
[10] G Grant; LJ More; JS Stewart; Br. J. Nutr., 1983, 50, 207.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Production and Optimization of Polyhydroxybutyrate from Rhizobium sp. present in root nodules |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | R.Sita Lakshmi, Hema.T. A., Divya .T. Raj, Starin Shylaja .T. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0322125 |
Abstract : Bioplastics, a form of plastics derived from renewable biomass such as vegetable oil, corn starch,
pea starch or microbiota. The biopolymer polyhydroxybutyrate, polyester produced by certain bacteria during
the addition of excess carbon sources. In the present study a gram negative PHB accumulating microbe was
isolated and identified. Based on the morphological and physiological properties it was identified as Rhizobium
species. The different media parameter such as pH, carbon sources, nitrogen sources and temperature was
optimized for increased PHB accumulation. Based on different pH, pH 5 was more suitable for increased PHB
accumulation by Rhizobium. According to different carbon and nitrogen sources, glucose and potassium nitrate
showed high PHB accumulation. Based on the effect of different temperature 300C was more suitable for
increased amount of PHB accumulation. PHB production by this strain was in the stationary phase of their
growth. PHB was extracted by chloroform and the extracted polymer was determined by UV-VIS
spectrophotometer at 235 nm.
Keywords: Polymer, polyhydroxybutyrate, Rhizobium sp., temperature, UV-VIS spectrophotometer.
Keywords: Polymer, polyhydroxybutyrate, Rhizobium sp., temperature, UV-VIS spectrophotometer.
[1] D.B. Karr, J.K. Waters, F. Suzuki and D.W. Emerich, Enzymes of the poly- β-hydroxybutyrate and citric acid cycles of Rhizobium
japonicum bacteroids. Plant Physiol. 75, 1984, 1158-1162.
[2] P.T. Chandrasekharan and Y.I. Shethna, Purification and properties of an NADP+ -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from
Rhizobium meliloti, J. Microbiol., 42, 1976, 471-482.
[3] J. Cornibert and Y.I. Marchessault, Physical properties of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate.III. Folding of helical segments in 2,2,2-
trifluoroethanol, Macromolecules, 3, 1972, 741-746.
[4] P.J. Senior, G.A. Beech, G.A.F. Ritchie and E.A. Dawes, The role of oxygen limitation in the formation of poly- β-
hydroxybutyrate during batch and continuous culture of Azotobacter beijerinckii, Bioche. J. , 128, 1972, 1193-1201.
[5] D.G. Lundgren, R.M. Pfister and J.M. Merrick, Structure of poly (β- hydroxybutyric acid) granules, J. Gen. Microbiol. 34, 1964,
441-446.
[6] Cappucino, Sherman, Microbiology A laboratory Manual (2004) 6 th ed, 143-145, 156-158, 181-183.
[7] J.G. Holt, N.R. Kreig, J.T. Sneath, J.T. Staley and S.T. William, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriolo,,. 9th ed. 1993,
559-564.
[8] T.L. Hartman, The use of Sudan Black B as a bacterial fat stain, Staining Technology, 15, 1940, 23-28.
[9] W.J. Conover, Practical non parametric statistics (New York, JohnWiley and son., 1971) Inc. ISBN 0471168521.
[10] B. Aslim, Z . N. Yuksekdag and Y. Beyatli, Determination of PHB growth quantities of certain Bacillus species isolated from
soil, Turk. E. J. Biotechnolo, 2002, 24-30.
japonicum bacteroids. Plant Physiol. 75, 1984, 1158-1162.
[2] P.T. Chandrasekharan and Y.I. Shethna, Purification and properties of an NADP+ -specific isocitrate dehydrogenase from
Rhizobium meliloti, J. Microbiol., 42, 1976, 471-482.
[3] J. Cornibert and Y.I. Marchessault, Physical properties of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate.III. Folding of helical segments in 2,2,2-
trifluoroethanol, Macromolecules, 3, 1972, 741-746.
[4] P.J. Senior, G.A. Beech, G.A.F. Ritchie and E.A. Dawes, The role of oxygen limitation in the formation of poly- β-
hydroxybutyrate during batch and continuous culture of Azotobacter beijerinckii, Bioche. J. , 128, 1972, 1193-1201.
[5] D.G. Lundgren, R.M. Pfister and J.M. Merrick, Structure of poly (β- hydroxybutyric acid) granules, J. Gen. Microbiol. 34, 1964,
441-446.
[6] Cappucino, Sherman, Microbiology A laboratory Manual (2004) 6 th ed, 143-145, 156-158, 181-183.
[7] J.G. Holt, N.R. Kreig, J.T. Sneath, J.T. Staley and S.T. William, Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriolo,,. 9th ed. 1993,
559-564.
[8] T.L. Hartman, The use of Sudan Black B as a bacterial fat stain, Staining Technology, 15, 1940, 23-28.
[9] W.J. Conover, Practical non parametric statistics (New York, JohnWiley and son., 1971) Inc. ISBN 0471168521.
[10] B. Aslim, Z . N. Yuksekdag and Y. Beyatli, Determination of PHB growth quantities of certain Bacillus species isolated from
soil, Turk. E. J. Biotechnolo, 2002, 24-30.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Inhibition of Catalase Isozymes of Helicoverpa Aarmigera(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Salicylic Aacid. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Hanumanth Goud G, Ravindra M Aurade, Jayalakshmi S.K, Sreeramulu K |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0322628 |
Abstract:The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous pest and causes oxidative damage to
field crops. Salicylic acid is the cell signaling molecule produced in response to insect attack on plants.
Catalase plays a major role in the protection of tissues from the toxic effects of H2O2 and partially reduced
oxygen species. Invitroand Invivo effect of salicylic acid was studied on the activities of catalases of
Helicoverpa armigera, and tissue distribution of catalase isoforms was also studied. Eight catalase isoforms
were found in the gut and whole body preparations whereas single isoforms in the hemolymph. Salicylic acid
inhibited over 90 % of catalase activity at 2 mM concentrations in the gel activity staining as well as
spectrophotometrically, but catalase I in all the preparations are stable and insensitive to salicylic acid.
Key words:Catalase, Helicoverpa armigera, Inhibition, Salicylic acid.
Key words:Catalase, Helicoverpa armigera, Inhibition, Salicylic acid.
[1] R. Srinivas, S. S. Udikeri, S. K. Jayalakshmi, and K. Sreeramulu, Identification of factors responsible for insecticide resistance in
Helicoverpa armigera,Comparitive Biochemistry Physiology C Toxicology Pharmacology, 137 (3), 2004, 261-269.
[2] M. Hermes-Lima, and T. Zenteno-Savín, Animal response to drastic changes in oxygen availability and physiological oxidative
stress,Comparitive Biochemistry Physiology C Toxicology Pharmacology, 133,2002, 537-56.
[3] W.C. Orr, and R.S. Sohal, Extension of life-span by overexpression of superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila
melanogaster,Science, 263,1994,1128-30.
[4] T.L. Parkes, A.J. Hilliker, and J.P. Phillips, Motor neurons, reactive oxygen, and life span in Drosophila,Neurobiology Aging,
20,1999, 531-535.
[5] G. I. Arimura, C. Kost, and W. Boland, Herbivore-induced, indirect plant defenses, Biochem BiophysActa, 1734 (2), 2005, 91-
111.
[6] J. Peng, X. Deng, J. Huang, S. Jia, X. Miao, and Y. Huang, Role of salicylic acid in tomato defense against cotton bollworm,
Helicoverpa armigera Hubner,Z Naturforsch C, 59 (11–12), 2004, 856-862.
[7] T. Arakawa, Superoxide generation in vitro in lepidopteron larval hemolymph,Journal of insect Physiology, 40, 1994, 165-171.
[8] S. Ahmad, Biochemical defence of pro-oxidant plant allelochemicalsby herbivorous insects,BiochemicalSystemics and Ecology,
20,1992, 269-296.
[9] G. W. Felton, and S. S. Duffey, Protective action of midgut catalase in Lepidopteron larvae against oxidative plant
defenses,Journalof Chemical Ecology, 17,1991, 1715-1732.
[10] S. MD. Akbar, H. C. Sharma,S. K. Jayalakshmi, and K. Sreeramulu, Interaction of plant cell signaling molecules, salicylic acid
and jasmonic acid, with the mitochondria of Helicoverpa armigera, Journal of Bioenergetics andBiomembranes, 44,2012, 233-
241.
Helicoverpa armigera,Comparitive Biochemistry Physiology C Toxicology Pharmacology, 137 (3), 2004, 261-269.
[2] M. Hermes-Lima, and T. Zenteno-Savín, Animal response to drastic changes in oxygen availability and physiological oxidative
stress,Comparitive Biochemistry Physiology C Toxicology Pharmacology, 133,2002, 537-56.
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Helicoverpa armigera Hubner,Z Naturforsch C, 59 (11–12), 2004, 856-862.
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- Citation
- Abstract
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Histomorphological Study of the Anti-Fertility Effect of Spondias Mombin L. In Adult Male Rats |
| Country | : | Nigera |
| Authors | : | Olaitan Ruth Asuquo*, Theresa Bassey Ekanem, Paul Bassey Udoh, Mokutima Amarachi Eluwa |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0322934 |
Abstract:The effects of ethanol extract of Spondias mombin leaf on male rats' fertility were investigated. The
extract was orally administered with 250 and 500mg/kg doses for 8 weeks. There was significant decrease in
testicular and epididymal weight in the treated animals compared to the control. Histomorphology of the testis
showed distortion in the arrangement of seminiferous tubules, loose germinal epithelium, low number of germ
cells and Sertoli cells. Tubular sizes of epididymis were reduced with vacuolation and decreased sperm. The
serum level of testosterone was significantly decreased (p<0.05) at 500mg/kg compared to control. We conclude
that Spondias mombin leaf extract can suppress the process of spermatogenesis which can lead to infertility in
laboratory animals.
Keywords: Epididymis, Infertility, Reduction, Spermatogenesis, Spondias mombin, Testis.
laboratory animals.
Keywords: Epididymis, Infertility, Reduction, Spermatogenesis, Spondias mombin, Testis.
[1.] P. Ziarati, Determination of Contaminants in Some Iranian Popular Herbal Medicines. Journal of Environment and Analytic
Toxicology, 2, 2012, 120. DOI: 10.4172/2161- 0525.1000120.
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Medicine and .Biological Research, 33, 2000, 179-189. ISSN : 0100-879X.
[3.] G. Bodeker, C.K. Ong, C. Grundy, G. Burford and K. Shein, WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
[4.] G. Shweta, R. Chetna, S. Jinkal, N. Shah and J. Hitesh, Herbal plants used as contraceptives. International Journal of Current
Pharmaceutical Review and Research. Vol 2, Issue 1, 2011, ISSN 0976-822X.
[5.] F. Ngari, Forests plants used in Ragati, Mt Keny. 1st Edn., VDM Verlag Dr MuellervE.k., Saabrucken, ISBN: 3639215281, pp76, 2010.
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Toxicology, 2, 2012, 120. DOI: 10.4172/2161- 0525.1000120.
[2.] J.B. Calixto, Efficacy, safety,quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines. Brazilian Journal of
Medicine and .Biological Research, 33, 2000, 179-189. ISSN : 0100-879X.
[3.] G. Bodeker, C.K. Ong, C. Grundy, G. Burford and K. Shein, WHO Global Atlas of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative
Medicine. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2005.
[4.] G. Shweta, R. Chetna, S. Jinkal, N. Shah and J. Hitesh, Herbal plants used as contraceptives. International Journal of Current
Pharmaceutical Review and Research. Vol 2, Issue 1, 2011, ISSN 0976-822X.
[5.] F. Ngari, Forests plants used in Ragati, Mt Keny. 1st Edn., VDM Verlag Dr MuellervE.k., Saabrucken, ISBN: 3639215281, pp76, 2010.
[6.] S. N. Upadhyay, C. Kaushic and G. P. Talwar, Antifertility effects of neem (Azadirachta indica) oil in male rats by single
intrauterine administration: a novel method for contraception. Proc. Biol. Sci 242(1305), 1990, 175-9. PMID: 1983033.
- Citation
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Phytochemical Analysis of Leaf Extracts of Calophyllum inophyllum L. And Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.F. & Thomson |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Isaivani Indrakumar, V Selvi, R Gomathi, S Karpagam |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0323537 |
Abstract:Herbal medicine represents one of the most important fields of traditional medicine all over the
world. The medicinal value of plants lies in some chemical constituents which produce a definite physiological
action in the human body. The aim of the present study was to find out the nature of bioactive chemical
constituents present in methanolic, petroleum ether and chloroform extract of Calophyllum inophyllum and
Cananga odorata. A qualitative phytochemical analysis was carried out. Phytoconstituents isolated from
various extracts give us clue for further investigation.
Key Words: Alkaloids, Extracts, Flavanoids, Calophyllum inophyllum, Cananga odorata
Key Words: Alkaloids, Extracts, Flavanoids, Calophyllum inophyllum, Cananga odorata
[1] A. Sofowora, Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa. Spectrum Books Ltd., Ibadan, Nigeria, 1993, pp 191-289.
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Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 29(1), 2004, pp 8-10.
[3] C. K. Kokate, Pharmacognosy. 16th Edn, 2001, Nirali Prakasham, Mumbai, India.
[4] D. E. Okwu, Evaluation of the chemical composition of indigenous spices and flavouring Agents. Global J. Pure Appl. Sci. 7(3),
2001, pp 455-459.
[5] H. O. Edeoga, D. E. Okwu and B. O. Mbaebie BO, Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants, Afr. J.
Biotechnol. 4(7), 2005, pp 685-688.
[6] Harborne JB (1973). Phytochemical Methods. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London pp. 49-188.
[7] J. M Watt and M. G Breyer-Brandwyk MG, Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone
Ltd., London, 1984, pp 105-106.
[8] K. R. Price, T. I. Johnson and G. R. Fenwick, (1987). The Chemistry and Biological Significance of Saponins in Food and feeding
stuffs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 26, 1987, pp 22-48.
[9] Mace M.E .Phytochenistry ,1963,16,pp 915-925.
[10] P. C. Njoku and A. U. Ezeibe , Phytochemical and elemental analyses of Helianthus annus and its use as blood clotting agent. J.
Chem. Soc. Niger. 32(2), 2007, pp 128-132.
[2] C. E. Ogukwe, E. E. Oguzie, C. Unaegbu, B. N. Okolue, Phytochemical screening on the leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata, J.
Chem. Soc. Nigeria, 29(1), 2004, pp 8-10.
[3] C. K. Kokate, Pharmacognosy. 16th Edn, 2001, Nirali Prakasham, Mumbai, India.
[4] D. E. Okwu, Evaluation of the chemical composition of indigenous spices and flavouring Agents. Global J. Pure Appl. Sci. 7(3),
2001, pp 455-459.
[5] H. O. Edeoga, D. E. Okwu and B. O. Mbaebie BO, Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants, Afr. J.
Biotechnol. 4(7), 2005, pp 685-688.
[6] Harborne JB (1973). Phytochemical Methods. Chapman and Hall Ltd., London pp. 49-188.
[7] J. M Watt and M. G Breyer-Brandwyk MG, Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. E. & S. Livingstone
Ltd., London, 1984, pp 105-106.
[8] K. R. Price, T. I. Johnson and G. R. Fenwick, (1987). The Chemistry and Biological Significance of Saponins in Food and feeding
stuffs. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 26, 1987, pp 22-48.
[9] Mace M.E .Phytochenistry ,1963,16,pp 915-925.
[10] P. C. Njoku and A. U. Ezeibe , Phytochemical and elemental analyses of Helianthus annus and its use as blood clotting agent. J.
Chem. Soc. Niger. 32(2), 2007, pp 128-132.
- Citation
- Abstract
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effects of Poultry Manure, Household Waste Compost and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | N. Hossain, M. G. Kibria, K. T. Osman |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0323843 |
Abstract:To observe the comparative effects of poultry manure, household waste compost and fertilizers and
their combinations on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.), this experiment was conducted in the crop field
of the Department of Soil Science, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh during Rabi season in 2010-2011.
There were ten treatments, one control and nine fertilizer combinations. In three separate treatments, NPK,
household compost and poultry manure were applied alone. In three treatments, NPK and compost were used in
different proportions. In three other treatments, NPK and poultry manure were combined together. Maize seeds
were sown in the month of January, 2011 in lines 75 cm apart. Seed to seed distance was 25 cm. The results
indicated that all the fertilizer treatments improved growth as shown by the number of leaves, length of root and
shoot, dry weights of root and shoot. Better growth under fertilizer treatments resulted in higher yield of the
crop. But there were significant differences among the fertilizer treatments. For example, the highest yield (6.65
t ha-1) was obtained in the treatment with poultry manure alone and with 25% NPK + 75% poultry manure.
These two treatments increased yield of maize by 579 percent over the control (no fertilizer). NPK alone (120 kg
N, 60 kg P and 80 kg K) also increased yield but by 309 %. The treatment 50% NPK + 50% poultry manure
increased yield by 499 %.
Key words: Yield, poultry manure, maize, growth compost.
Key words: Yield, poultry manure, maize, growth compost.
[1] H.O. Mae-Wan, China's Soils Ruined by Overuse of Chemical Fertilizers, 2010, http://www.i-sis.org.uk/chinasSoilRuined.php.
Accessed on the 5th January 2011.
[2] O.T Ayoola, Yield performance of crops and soil chemical changes under fertilizer treatments in a mixed cropping system,
African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (26), 2010, 4018 – 4021.
[3] G. Gonlaïna, Indicators and management of soil fertility by farmers in Yagoua region (Far-North/Cameroon), Maîtrise
dissertation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré. :33, 2002.
[4] J. G. Warren, S. B. Phillips, G. L. Mullins, D. Keahey and C. J. Penn, Environmental and production consequences of using alumamended
poultry litter as a nutrient source for corn, Journal of Environmental Quality, 35, 2006, 172-182.
[5] M.L. Stranon, A.V. Barker and J.E. Rechcigl, Compost, in J.E. Rechcigl (Ed.), Soil Amendments and Environmental Quality
(Boca Raton, h + s Publishers, 1995), 249.
[6] N Ahmad, M. Rashid, and A. G. Vaes, Fertilizer and their uses in Pakistan (NFDC Publications, 1996).
[7] T. Khaliq, T. Mahmood, J. Kamal and A. Masood, Effectiveness of farmyard manure, poultry manure and nitrogen for corn (Zea
mays L.) productivity, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 2004, 260–263.
[8] T. S. Verma, Influence of methods of FYM application on maize under rainfed conditions, Crop Research. 4(1), 1991, 161-164.
[9] M. E. Obi and P.O. Ebo, The effect of organic and inorganic amendments on soil physical properties and maize production in a
severely degraded sandy soils, Bioresource Technology, 51 (2-3), 1995, 117-123.
[10] R. Ahmad, G. Jilani, M. Arshad, Z. A. Zahir and A. Khalid, Bio-conversion of organic wastes for their recycling in agriculture:
An overview of perspectives and prospects, Annals of Microbiology, 57, 2007, 471-479.
Accessed on the 5th January 2011.
[2] O.T Ayoola, Yield performance of crops and soil chemical changes under fertilizer treatments in a mixed cropping system,
African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (26), 2010, 4018 – 4021.
[3] G. Gonlaïna, Indicators and management of soil fertility by farmers in Yagoua region (Far-North/Cameroon), Maîtrise
dissertation, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ngaoundéré. :33, 2002.
[4] J. G. Warren, S. B. Phillips, G. L. Mullins, D. Keahey and C. J. Penn, Environmental and production consequences of using alumamended
poultry litter as a nutrient source for corn, Journal of Environmental Quality, 35, 2006, 172-182.
[5] M.L. Stranon, A.V. Barker and J.E. Rechcigl, Compost, in J.E. Rechcigl (Ed.), Soil Amendments and Environmental Quality
(Boca Raton, h + s Publishers, 1995), 249.
[6] N Ahmad, M. Rashid, and A. G. Vaes, Fertilizer and their uses in Pakistan (NFDC Publications, 1996).
[7] T. Khaliq, T. Mahmood, J. Kamal and A. Masood, Effectiveness of farmyard manure, poultry manure and nitrogen for corn (Zea
mays L.) productivity, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 6, 2004, 260–263.
[8] T. S. Verma, Influence of methods of FYM application on maize under rainfed conditions, Crop Research. 4(1), 1991, 161-164.
[9] M. E. Obi and P.O. Ebo, The effect of organic and inorganic amendments on soil physical properties and maize production in a
severely degraded sandy soils, Bioresource Technology, 51 (2-3), 1995, 117-123.
[10] R. Ahmad, G. Jilani, M. Arshad, Z. A. Zahir and A. Khalid, Bio-conversion of organic wastes for their recycling in agriculture:
An overview of perspectives and prospects, Annals of Microbiology, 57, 2007, 471-479.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Mineral Nutrition and Quality of Maiz (Zea Mays L.) as Affected by Household Waste Compost, Poultry Manure and Inorganic Fertilizers |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | N. Hossain, M. G. Kibria, K. T. Osman |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0324452 |
Abstract:A field experiment was conducted to study the comparative effects of household waste compost,
poultry manure and inorganic fertilizer on mineral nutrition and quality of maize (Zeamays L.). There were ten
treatments, one control and nine fertilizer combinations. In three separate treatments, NPK, household compost
and poultry manure were applied alone. In three treatments, NPK and compost were used in different
proportions. In three other treatments, NPK and poultry manure were combined together. The results indicated
that compost alone significantly increased P, K, Ca and Mg in shoot and root at 30 DAS and at maturity as
compared to control. Different treatments of compost in combination with inorganic fertilizers obtained higher
P concentrations in shoot and root at maturity compared with control treatment. Poultry manure alone
significantly increased N in shoot and root at 30 days after sowing (DAS); P, K, and Mg in shoot and root at 30
DAS and at maturity as compared to control. By increasing the proportion of inorganic fertilizer combined with
decreasing amount of poultry manure showed lower concentration of P, K and Mg in shoot and root at both the
stages as compared to poultry manure alone. Reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar and total soluble sugar
contents in grains varied within the ranges of 4.00-5.33%, 19.00-23.33%, and 23.00-28.67%, respectively.
There was little difference in sugar contents among the treatments, although a relatively higher sugar was
obtained with compost alone treatment.
Keywords: compost, nutrition, poultry manure, sugar.
Keywords: compost, nutrition, poultry manure, sugar.
[1] M.E.M.H. Amin, Effect of organic fertilizer and urea on growth, yield and quality of fodder maize (Zea mays L.), International
Journal Current Research, 8, 2010, 35-41
[2] S.R. Reddy, Agronomy of field crop (India, Kalyani Publishers, 2006)
[3] R.K. Rajoo, Maize the golden grain of Himachal Pradesh (India, Kalyani Publishers, 1998)
[4] BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics), Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning: Govt. of the
Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2005..
[5] EA (Environment Agency), Waste technology data centre. Available at: www.environment-agency.gov.uk/wtd/679004/679026/, (2007), Accessed: 2011.
[6] W. Hartl, B Putz and E.Erhart, Influence of rates and timing of biowaste compost application on rye yield and soil nitrate level,
European Journal of Biology, 39, 2003, 129-139.
[7] F. Martínez, R.C. Cuevas and I.Walter, Biowaste effects on soil and native plants in a semiarid ecosystem, Journal of
Environmental Quality, 32, 2003, 472-479.
[8] J. Weber, A. Karczewska, J. Drozd, S. Licznar, E. Jamroz and A. Kocowicz, Agricultural and ecological aspects of a sandy soil
as affected by the application of municipal solid waste composts, Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39 (6), 2007, 1294-1302
[9] O. O. Oworu, O. A. Dada and O. E. Majekodunmi, Influence of compost on growth , nutrient uptake and dry matter partitioning of
grain amaranths( Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.), Libyan Agricultural Research Centre Journal International, 1(6), 2010, 375-
383.
[10] B. L. Madhavi and S. M.Reddy, Effect of poultry manure on soil fertility and maize yield, Proc. National Seminar on
Development in Soil Science (extended summaries), Diamond Jubilee of Indian Society of Soil Science, 1994, 285-287
Journal Current Research, 8, 2010, 35-41
[2] S.R. Reddy, Agronomy of field crop (India, Kalyani Publishers, 2006)
[3] R.K. Rajoo, Maize the golden grain of Himachal Pradesh (India, Kalyani Publishers, 1998)
[4] BBS (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics), Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning: Govt. of the
Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 2005..
[5] EA (Environment Agency), Waste technology data centre. Available at: www.environment-agency.gov.uk/wtd/679004/679026/, (2007), Accessed: 2011.
[6] W. Hartl, B Putz and E.Erhart, Influence of rates and timing of biowaste compost application on rye yield and soil nitrate level,
European Journal of Biology, 39, 2003, 129-139.
[7] F. Martínez, R.C. Cuevas and I.Walter, Biowaste effects on soil and native plants in a semiarid ecosystem, Journal of
Environmental Quality, 32, 2003, 472-479.
[8] J. Weber, A. Karczewska, J. Drozd, S. Licznar, E. Jamroz and A. Kocowicz, Agricultural and ecological aspects of a sandy soil
as affected by the application of municipal solid waste composts, Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39 (6), 2007, 1294-1302
[9] O. O. Oworu, O. A. Dada and O. E. Majekodunmi, Influence of compost on growth , nutrient uptake and dry matter partitioning of
grain amaranths( Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.), Libyan Agricultural Research Centre Journal International, 1(6), 2010, 375-
383.
[10] B. L. Madhavi and S. M.Reddy, Effect of poultry manure on soil fertility and maize yield, Proc. National Seminar on
Development in Soil Science (extended summaries), Diamond Jubilee of Indian Society of Soil Science, 1994, 285-287