Volume-3 ~ Issue-3
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Thermal, X-ray diffraction, spectral and antimicrobial activity of bivalent metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sn) chelates of 2-hydroxy-1, 4- naphthoquinone -1, oxime |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A.B. Pawar, R. G. Sarawadekar, K.D. Jadhav, S.S. Kadam |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0330108  |
Abstract:The new complexes M-Lm {M= Zn, Cd, Hg, Sn and Pb: Lm = 2-hydroxy -1, 4- naphthoquinone -1,
oxime} have been prepared. They were characterized by XRD, IR (FAR and MID), Electronic spectra and
investigated by SEM with EDAX analysis. The antimicrobial activity of these metal complexes was tested
against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonie, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans
by disc diffusion method. The results were encouraging and compared with standard Cisplatin complex which
was known as chemotherapy agent for various cancer treatments.
Keywords: Lawsone monoxime, Metal chelates, IR, NMR, SEM, Antimicrobial activity, Electronic spectra
Keywords: Lawsone monoxime, Metal chelates, IR, NMR, SEM, Antimicrobial activity, Electronic spectra
[1] J. Lecomte and P. Fischer, Physiological properties of quinones and of oxidative derivatives of adrenaline, Archives
Internationales de Physiologie 56, 35 - 44 (1048).
[2] R. K. Sharma, N.S. Jha and S. K. A study of chelation behavior of bivalent metal complexes of biologically active 2- hydroxyl-
1,4-naphthoquinone monoxime ( HNQM ) in dioxane-water mixtures, Sindhwani, Thermochimica Acta., 156(2), 267- 73 (1989).
[3] S.B. Jagtap, S.G. Joshi, G.M. Litake, V.S. Ghole and B. A. Kulkarni, C3 substituted lawsonmonoximates of holmium (III):
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, Metal Based Drugs., 7(30, 147-150 (2000).
[4] A. B. Pawar, A. A. Killedar, K. D. Jadhav and R. G. Sarawadekar, X-ray diffraction, spectral and antimicrobial activity of bivalent
metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sn) chelates of 2-hydroxy 1-4 naphthoquinone
[5] International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp 882-890, July-Sept 2012.
[6] N.J. Sonwane, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1981).
[7] C.R. Joshi, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1975).
[8] V. D. Kelkar, R.R. Gokhale, and H. R. Gholap, Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of cobalt (III) chelates of
some Lawson derivatives. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal Organic Chemistry, 28(8), 1253-1264 (1998).
[9] J.B. Foreman, E. Frish, in Frish, E. (Ed.), Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, A Guide to using Gaussian,
Gaussian, Pittsburg PA (1996).
[10] Gupta K.C. H.K. Abdulkadir, S. Chand,Metallation of tetra dentate N2O2 Schiff base with Mn (II), Co(II), Cu(II) and
Zn(II):synthesis, characterization and formation constants measurement, J. Molecular catalysis A: Chemical. 202, 253 (2003).
Internationales de Physiologie 56, 35 - 44 (1048).
[2] R. K. Sharma, N.S. Jha and S. K. A study of chelation behavior of bivalent metal complexes of biologically active 2- hydroxyl-
1,4-naphthoquinone monoxime ( HNQM ) in dioxane-water mixtures, Sindhwani, Thermochimica Acta., 156(2), 267- 73 (1989).
[3] S.B. Jagtap, S.G. Joshi, G.M. Litake, V.S. Ghole and B. A. Kulkarni, C3 substituted lawsonmonoximates of holmium (III):
Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activity, Metal Based Drugs., 7(30, 147-150 (2000).
[4] A. B. Pawar, A. A. Killedar, K. D. Jadhav and R. G. Sarawadekar, X-ray diffraction, spectral and antimicrobial activity of bivalent
metal (Zn, Cd, Hg, Pb and Sn) chelates of 2-hydroxy 1-4 naphthoquinone
[5] International Journal of Chem. Tech. Research, Vol.4, No.3, pp 882-890, July-Sept 2012.
[6] N.J. Sonwane, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1981).
[7] C.R. Joshi, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Poona (1975).
[8] V. D. Kelkar, R.R. Gokhale, and H. R. Gholap, Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial studies of cobalt (III) chelates of
some Lawson derivatives. Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal Organic Chemistry, 28(8), 1253-1264 (1998).
[9] J.B. Foreman, E. Frish, in Frish, E. (Ed.), Exploring Chemistry with Electronic Structure Methods, A Guide to using Gaussian,
Gaussian, Pittsburg PA (1996).
[10] Gupta K.C. H.K. Abdulkadir, S. Chand,Metallation of tetra dentate N2O2 Schiff base with Mn (II), Co(II), Cu(II) and
Zn(II):synthesis, characterization and formation constants measurement, J. Molecular catalysis A: Chemical. 202, 253 (2003).
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Fine Structure of the Adrenal Gland of the Indian Sheath- Tailed Bat, Taphozous longimanus (Hardwicke) |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | A. A. Nerkar, M. M. Gadegone |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0330913 |
- Abstract
Abstract :[1] D Reeder and K. Kramer, Stress in free-ranging mammals: Integrating physiology, ecology, and natural history, Journal of
Mammalogy, 86, 2005, 225-235.
[2] A DeVries, Interaction among social environment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behavior, Horm. Behav, 41, 2002,
405-413.
[3] V Viau, Functional cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and -adrenal axes, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 14,
2002, 506-513.
[4] A Gustafson and W. Belt, The adrenal cortex during activity and hibernation in the male little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus
lucifugus: annual rhythm of plasma cortisol levels, Journal of Comparative Endocrinology, 44, 1981, 269-278.
[5] E Widmaier and T. Kunz, Basal, diurnal, and stress-induced levels of glucose and glucocorticoids in captive bats, Journal of
Experimental Zoology, 265, 1993, 533-540.
[6] E Widmaier, T. Harmer, A. Sulak and T. Kunz, Further characterization of the pituitary-adrenocortical responses to stress in
Chiroptera, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 269, 1994, 442-449.
[7] D Reeder, H. Raff, T. Kunz and E. Widmaier, Characterization of pituitary-adrenocortical activity in the Malayan flying fox
(Pteropus vampyrus), Journal of Comparative Physiology (B), 176, 2006, 513-519.
[8] C Zancanaro, M. Malatesta, P. Vogel and S. Fakan, Ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex of hibernating, arousing and euthermic
dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, Anatomical Record, 249, 1997, 359-364.
[9] G Vinson, Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH, Microscopy Research and Technique, 61, 2002, 227-239.
[10] S Tokar, E. Koval, E. Yavorskaand and M. Lukyanetz, Ultrastructural characteristics of lipid droplets in rat adrenocortical cells
from zona fasciculata-reticularis, Fiziol Zh, 50, 2004, 107-13.
[2] A DeVries, Interaction among social environment, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and behavior, Horm. Behav, 41, 2002,
405-413.
[3] V Viau, Functional cross-talk between the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal and -adrenal axes, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 14,
2002, 506-513.
[4] A Gustafson and W. Belt, The adrenal cortex during activity and hibernation in the male little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus
lucifugus: annual rhythm of plasma cortisol levels, Journal of Comparative Endocrinology, 44, 1981, 269-278.
[5] E Widmaier and T. Kunz, Basal, diurnal, and stress-induced levels of glucose and glucocorticoids in captive bats, Journal of
Experimental Zoology, 265, 1993, 533-540.
[6] E Widmaier, T. Harmer, A. Sulak and T. Kunz, Further characterization of the pituitary-adrenocortical responses to stress in
Chiroptera, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 269, 1994, 442-449.
[7] D Reeder, H. Raff, T. Kunz and E. Widmaier, Characterization of pituitary-adrenocortical activity in the Malayan flying fox
(Pteropus vampyrus), Journal of Comparative Physiology (B), 176, 2006, 513-519.
[8] C Zancanaro, M. Malatesta, P. Vogel and S. Fakan, Ultrastructure of the adrenal cortex of hibernating, arousing and euthermic
dormouse, Muscardinus avellanarius, Anatomical Record, 249, 1997, 359-364.
[9] G Vinson, Adrenocortical zonation and ACTH, Microscopy Research and Technique, 61, 2002, 227-239.
[10] S Tokar, E. Koval, E. Yavorskaand and M. Lukyanetz, Ultrastructural characteristics of lipid droplets in rat adrenocortical cells
from zona fasciculata-reticularis, Fiziol Zh, 50, 2004, 107-13.
[1] Aljadi, A.M. and M.Y. Kamaruddin, (2004). Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
floral honeys. Food Chemistry. 85: 513-518.
[2] Alqasoumi, S. I. Tawfik A. Al-Howiriny and Maged S. Abdel-Kader, (2008). Evaluation of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Aloe
vera, Clematis hirsute, Cucumis prophetarum and Bee Propolis Against Experimentally Induced Liver Injury in Rats. International
Journal of Pharmacology, 4: 213-217.
[3] Benjamin M. N, (1978). Outline of veterinary Clinical Pathology. University press. Iowa, pp. 229-232
[4] Chen H, Jacobs E, Schwarzschild M, McCullough M, Calle E, Thun M, Ascherio A (2005). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease.". Ann Neurol 58 (6): 963-7.
[5] Cho YK, Yun JW, Park JH, Kim HJ, Park DI, Sohn CI, Jeon WK, Kim BI,Jin W, Kwon YH, Shin MK, Yoo TM, Kang JH, Park
CS. (2009). Deleterious effects of silymarin on the expression of genes controlling endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in
carbon tetrachloride treated rat livers. Life Sci., 12;85 (7-8): 281-290.
[6] Declaration of Helsinki, (1996). Amended by World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, 1983. Br. Med. J. 313(7070), 1448-1449
[7] Erguder BI, Kilicoglu SS, Namuslu M, Kilicoglu B, Devrim E, Kismet K, Durak I, (2008). Honey prevents hepatic damage
Induced by obstruction of the common bile duct. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 14(23): 3729-3732.
[8] Garba, S. H. Sambo, N. and Bala , U. (2009). The Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Kohautia Grandiflora on Paracetamol
Induced Liver Damage in Albino Rats. Nig. J. of Physiol. Sci. 24 (1): 17-23
[9] Garba , S.H. Prasad, J. and Sandabe , U.K. (2006). Histomorphological Effect of the Aqueous Root-Bark Extract of Ficus
sycomorus (Linn) on the Liver and Kidney of Albino Rats . International Journal of Pharmacology, 2: 628-632.
[10] Hegde K, Joshi A B .(2009). Hepatoprotective effect of Carissa carandas Linn root extract against CCl4 and paracetamol induced
hepatic oxidative stress. Indian J. Exp. Biol., 47(8): 660-667.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Pollen Morphology of Some Members of Nigerian Clusiaceae and Its Taxonomic Significance |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Nnamani, C. V., Nwosu, M. O. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0331419 |
Abstract :The palynological features of three members of Nigerian Clusiaceae were assessed by light
microscopy (LM) after acetolysis in order to determine the observed external and internal peculiarities of these
species, with respect to their taxonomic implications. These species were Harungana madagascariensis (Lam.)
ex Poir., Garcinia kola Heckel. and Pentadesma butyracea Sabine. Results revealed many interesting
palynological features with significant taxonomic values. Pollen grains are radially symmetrical, shed in
monads and isopolar in all the taxa. Apertural types are tetracolporate and zonocolporate for G. kola and P.
butyracea but tricolporate in H. madagascariensis. Pollen form indices vary significantly from 0.55 ± 0.02, 1.59
± 0.12 and 1.18 ± 0.01 to give pollen shapes of oblate spheroidal, spheroidal and subspheroidal for H.
madagascariensis, G. kola and P. butyracea, respectively. Pore orientation is angulaperturate in all while the
exine ornamentations were coarsely psilate in G. kola and P. butyracea but reticulate in H. madagascariensis.
The above features are of high taxonomic value in the classification of these species. Their taxonomic
implications were discussed.
Key Words: Taxonomic Values, Pollen Features, Nigerian, Cluusiaceae,
Key Words: Taxonomic Values, Pollen Features, Nigerian, Cluusiaceae,
[1] Adebisi, A. A. (2002). A Case Study of Garcinia kola Nut Production to Consumption System in J4. Area of Omo Forest Reserve.
In: Sunderland, T. and Ndoye, O. (eds). Forest Products, Livelihood and Conservation. Africa Publishers. 139 p p.
[2] Adebukunola, O., Adefule-Ositelu, B. O., Adegbehingbe, A. K. Adefule, O. O., Adegbehingbe, E. S. and Kehinde O. (2010).
Efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. East
African Journal of Ophthalmology. 17:1,88-93.
[3] Adefule, A. K., Oosa, B. O. and Onyenafa, P. C. (2004). Antifungal Activities of Garcinia kola Extracts on Purulent Discharges in
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Quarterly Journal Hospital Medicine. 14: 112-114.
[4] Adegbehingbe, O. O, Adesanya, S. A, Idowu, T. O, Okimi, O. C, Oyelami, O. A, Iwalewa, E. O. (2008). Clinical Effects of
Garcinia kola in Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthop Surgone; 3:34-38.
[5] Aduradola, A. M. (1999). Preliminary Investigation of some Factors Affecting Germination in Seeds of Garcinia kola. Journal
of Tropical Ethnoforestry 2(1): 47-46.
[6] Aniche, G. N. and Uwakwe, G. U.( 2010). Potential Use of G. kola as Hop Substitude in Large Beer Brewing. World Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology: 6: 3, 87-82.
[7] ASICUMPON, (2005). Check List of Medicinal Plants of Nigeria and their Uses. Trinity Biz Publishers, Nigeria, 135, pp.
[8] Bashir, S. and Khan, M. A. (2003). Pollen Morphology as an Aid to the Identification of Medicinal Plants: Trianthema
portulacastrum L., Boerhaavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. and Alternanthera pungens Kunth. J. Hamdard Medicus, XLVI: 7–10.
[9] Bisby, F. A., Roskov, Y. R., Ruggiero, M. A., Orrell, T. M., Paglinawan, L. E.; Brewer, P. W. and Bailly, N. (2007). Species 2000
and ITIS Catalogue of Life: In: Hertum, J. V. (ed) 2007 Annual Checklist. Reading, U.K.
[10] Bonsen, K.. J. M. and Kucera, L. J. (1990). Vessel Occlusion in Plants: Morphological and evolutionary Aspects. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin II (4): 393-399.
In: Sunderland, T. and Ndoye, O. (eds). Forest Products, Livelihood and Conservation. Africa Publishers. 139 p p.
[2] Adebukunola, O., Adefule-Ositelu, B. O., Adegbehingbe, A. K. Adefule, O. O., Adegbehingbe, E. S. and Kehinde O. (2010).
Efficacy of Garcinia kola 0.5% aqueous eye drops in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. East
African Journal of Ophthalmology. 17:1,88-93.
[3] Adefule, A. K., Oosa, B. O. and Onyenafa, P. C. (2004). Antifungal Activities of Garcinia kola Extracts on Purulent Discharges in
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Quarterly Journal Hospital Medicine. 14: 112-114.
[4] Adegbehingbe, O. O, Adesanya, S. A, Idowu, T. O, Okimi, O. C, Oyelami, O. A, Iwalewa, E. O. (2008). Clinical Effects of
Garcinia kola in Knee Osteoarthritis. Journal of Orthop Surgone; 3:34-38.
[5] Aduradola, A. M. (1999). Preliminary Investigation of some Factors Affecting Germination in Seeds of Garcinia kola. Journal
of Tropical Ethnoforestry 2(1): 47-46.
[6] Aniche, G. N. and Uwakwe, G. U.( 2010). Potential Use of G. kola as Hop Substitude in Large Beer Brewing. World Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology: 6: 3, 87-82.
[7] ASICUMPON, (2005). Check List of Medicinal Plants of Nigeria and their Uses. Trinity Biz Publishers, Nigeria, 135, pp.
[8] Bashir, S. and Khan, M. A. (2003). Pollen Morphology as an Aid to the Identification of Medicinal Plants: Trianthema
portulacastrum L., Boerhaavia procumbens Banks ex Roxb. and Alternanthera pungens Kunth. J. Hamdard Medicus, XLVI: 7–10.
[9] Bisby, F. A., Roskov, Y. R., Ruggiero, M. A., Orrell, T. M., Paglinawan, L. E.; Brewer, P. W. and Bailly, N. (2007). Species 2000
and ITIS Catalogue of Life: In: Hertum, J. V. (ed) 2007 Annual Checklist. Reading, U.K.
[10] Bonsen, K.. J. M. and Kucera, L. J. (1990). Vessel Occlusion in Plants: Morphological and evolutionary Aspects. International Association of Wood Anatomists Bulletin II (4): 393-399.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Supplementation of Embelica Officinalis on Mushroom Nutraceuticals |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Poonam Dehariya, Deepak Vyas |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0332024 |
Abstract :In present scenario malnutrition is a biggest problem of India. Increasing population and non
judicial uses of natural resources have great concern. Present study deals with the production of nutraceuticals
from mushroom (Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer) grown on different substrates and enhancement in these
nutraceuticals by supplementation of Embelica officinalis. Results reveals that among all the used substrates
viz. soybean straw, wheat straw, paddy straw, sunflower stalks, sugarcane bagasses and maize stalks, soybean
straw was proved best in terms of nutraceuticals and there was increase in nutritive as well as mineral contents
after supplementation. Thus Embelica officinalis should preferred for the supplementation of Pleurotus sajorcaju.
Key words: Nutraceutical, Mushroom, Substrates, Supplementation, nutrition.
Key words: Nutraceutical, Mushroom, Substrates, Supplementation, nutrition.
1] Bagchi D. Nutraceuticals and functional foods regulations in the United States and around the world. Toxicology 2006;
221(1):1‐3.
[2] Hardy G. Nutraceuticals and functional foods: introduction and meaning. Nutrition 2000; 16(7‐8): 688‐689.
[3] The Health & Wellness Foods Industry in India: An Overview. Tata Strategic Management Group. Osaka International Business
Promotion Center. 2009.
[4] Palthur MP, Palthur SSS, Chitta SK Nutraceutical: Concept and regulatory scenario. International journal of pharmacy and
pharmaceutical sciences. 2010; 2: 14-20.
[5] Mizuno, T. (1999). Bioactive Substances in Hericium erinaceus (Bull; Fr.) Press. (Yamabushitake), and its medicinal Utilization.
Int. J. of Med. Mush. 1: 105-119.
[6] Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall, R.J Protein measurement with folin phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 265- 275.
[7] Association of official Agricultural Chemist (AOAC), 6th Edition, Washington DC, Longman Group Limited, 1984; 153.
[8] Masamba KG, Kazombo-Mwale R Determination and comparison of nutrient and mineral contents between cultivated and
indigenous edible mushrooms in Central Malawi. African Journal of Food Science 2010; 4: 176-179.
[9] Dehariya, P., Chaubey, A. and Vyas, D. (2010). Mushrooms: A nutritive food for human beings. Microbial biotech. and Ecology
(Eds: D. Vyas, N. Khare, A.K. Pandey) pp.344-352. Daya Publication New Delhi.
[10] Pandey, A. K. (2010). Mushroom Biodiversity: A natural remedy for malnutrition in India (Abst.) National Seminar on Role of
Biodiversity in sustainable agriculture (Jhansi). March 4-5 pp 72-73.
[2] Hardy G. Nutraceuticals and functional foods: introduction and meaning. Nutrition 2000; 16(7‐8): 688‐689.
[3] The Health & Wellness Foods Industry in India: An Overview. Tata Strategic Management Group. Osaka International Business
Promotion Center. 2009.
[4] Palthur MP, Palthur SSS, Chitta SK Nutraceutical: Concept and regulatory scenario. International journal of pharmacy and
pharmaceutical sciences. 2010; 2: 14-20.
[5] Mizuno, T. (1999). Bioactive Substances in Hericium erinaceus (Bull; Fr.) Press. (Yamabushitake), and its medicinal Utilization.
Int. J. of Med. Mush. 1: 105-119.
[6] Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall, R.J Protein measurement with folin phenol reagents. J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 265- 275.
[7] Association of official Agricultural Chemist (AOAC), 6th Edition, Washington DC, Longman Group Limited, 1984; 153.
[8] Masamba KG, Kazombo-Mwale R Determination and comparison of nutrient and mineral contents between cultivated and
indigenous edible mushrooms in Central Malawi. African Journal of Food Science 2010; 4: 176-179.
[9] Dehariya, P., Chaubey, A. and Vyas, D. (2010). Mushrooms: A nutritive food for human beings. Microbial biotech. and Ecology
(Eds: D. Vyas, N. Khare, A.K. Pandey) pp.344-352. Daya Publication New Delhi.
[10] Pandey, A. K. (2010). Mushroom Biodiversity: A natural remedy for malnutrition in India (Abst.) National Seminar on Role of
Biodiversity in sustainable agriculture (Jhansi). March 4-5 pp 72-73.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Gene Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Is Upregulated by Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Correlates with Cyclooxygenase-2 Suppression In Inflamed-Rat Muscle |
| Country | : | Egypt |
| Authors | : | Abdelhady S, El Ashmawy N, El Bahrawy H, Fouad H |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0332534 |
Abstract : The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been implicated in the regulation of
endothelial cell inflammatory response. The purpose of the present study was to clarify the molecular
mechanism of NSAIDs in controlling inflammation regarding the gene expression of PPARα and PPARγ1 in a
rat model of chronic inflammation. Wistar rats were classified into 5 experimental groups; 9 rats each. Group
(1) normal control; group (2) injected s.c. with 0.3 % carrageenan in muscle on days 1, 4 and 7. Groups (3, 4
and 5) were injected s.c. with carrageenan and at the same time given orally 10 mg/Kg Celecoxib, 12.5 mg/Kg
Nimesulide or 10 mg/Kg sulindac, respectively. On day 7, edema was measured before scarification. Gene
expression PPARγ1 and PPARα was measured in rat muscle by RT-PCR. COX-2 was analyzed in rat muscle by
ELISA. Celecoxib produced the greatest % inhibition of carrageenan-induced edema. PPARγ1 and PPARα
gene expression were significantly increased by NSAIDs treatment compared with carrageenan-untreated<
group. The inhibition of COX-2 together with upregulation of PPAR and PPARγ1 nominate NSAIDs to be
promising candidates for pharmacologic treatment of tumorgenesis.
Key words: Celecoxib, Nimesulide, Sulindac, PPARα, PPARγ1, carrageenan.
Key words: Celecoxib, Nimesulide, Sulindac, PPARα, PPARγ1, carrageenan.
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(3): 766-774.
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[6] Huang W and Glass CK (2010): Nuclear receptors and inflammation control: molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological
relevance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 30 (8): 1542-1549.
[7] Berger JP, Akiyama TE and Meinke PT (2005): PPARs: therapeutic targets for metabolic disease. Trends Pharmacol Sci 26 (5):
244–251.
[8] Kanayama T, Kobayashi N, Mamiya S, Nakanishi T and Nishikawa J (2005): Organotin compounds promote adipocyte
differentiation as agonists of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/retinoid X receptor pathway. Mol Pharmacol 67
(3): 766-774.
[9] Radhakrishnan R, Moore SA and Sluka KA (2003): Unilateral carrageenan injection into muscle or joint induces. Pain 104 (3): 567–577.
[10] Peter-Szabo M, Kekesi G, Nagy E, Sziver E, Benedek G and Horvath G (2007): Quantitative characterization of a repeated acute
joint inflammation model in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 34 (5-6): 520-526.
- Citation
- Abstract
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- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Kinetic Study of the Acid Hydrolysis of Parthenium hysterophorus L. for xylose yield in the Production of Lignocellulosic ethanol |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Ghosh Swati1, Haldar S, Shubhaneel N, Ganguly A, Chatterjee P. K |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0333541 |
Abstract:Parthenium hysterophorus L commonly known as Parthenium weed is one of the seven obnoxious
weed in the world. Being a lignocellulosic biomass, with a composition of Lignin: 13.9%; Hemicellulose:<
21.01% and Cellulose: 27.8%, it may be considered as the potential source of fuel ethanol production though
pretreatment, saccharification and fermentation route. In the present work, efforts have been made to increase
the yield of xylose during the hydrolysis process. Hydrolysis of Parthenium hysterophorus was carried out with
1%, 3% & 5% H2SO4 solutions. Each set of biomass was allowed to soak for 1 h & 2 h for each acid
concentration. Finally the substrates were treated for up to 10 min in the temperature range of 190 - 230 oC.
The xylose yield has been studied for every set of parameters. The maximum value of xylose yield obtained is
46.41 mg/g of dry Parthenium, when hydrolysed with 5% H2SO4 at a temperature of 230 oC in 2 h soaking time
and 10 min treatment time. The values of kinetic rate constants show the adherence to Arrhenius relationship
with significant changes in the concentration of acid and soaking period.
Keywords: Acid Hydrolysis, Ethanol, Lignocellulose, Parthenium pretreatment, Xylose.
Keywords: Acid Hydrolysis, Ethanol, Lignocellulose, Parthenium pretreatment, Xylose.
[1] Y. Sun and J. Cheng, Hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials for ethanol production: a review, Bioresource Technology 83, 2002,
1-11.
[2] M. Mahadevappa, Parthenium hysterophorus. L – A Dreaded Weed, International Parthenium research News, 1(1), 2008.
[3] A. J. Mcconnachie, L. W. Strathie, W. Mersie, L. Gebrehiwot, K. Zewdie, A. Abdurehim, B. Abrha, T. Arrrraya, F. Asaregew,
F. Assefa, R. Gebre-Tsadik, L. Nigatu, B. Tadesse and T. Tana, Current and potential geographical distribution of the invasive
plant Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Africa, Weed Research, 51(1), 2011, 71-84.
[4] T. J. Eberts, R. H. Sample, M. R. Glick and G. H. Ellis, A simplified colorimetric micromethod for xylose in serum or urine,
with phloroglucinol, Clin Chem. 25, 1979, 1440-1443.
[5] S. L. Johnson Bliss M, Mayersohn and K. A. Conrad, Phloroglucinol-based colorimetry of xylose in plasma and urine compared
with a specific gas-chomatographic procedure, Clin Chem. 30, 1984, 1571-1574.
[6] J. F. Saeman, Kinetics of wood saccharificarion hydrolysis of cellulose and decomposition of sugar in dilute acid at high
temperature, Industrial and Engg. Chem. 37(1), 1945, 43-52.
[7] C. Pronyk and G. Mazza, Kinetic Modeling of Hemicellulose Hydrolysis from Triticale Straw in a Pressurized Low Polarity
Water Flow-Though Reactor, Ind Eng Chem. 49, 2010, 6367 – 6375.
[8] I. C. Roberto, I. M. Mancilha, C. A. Souza, M. G. A. Felipe, S. Sato and H. F. Castro, Evaluation of rice straw hemicellulose
hydrolysate in the production of xylitol by Candida guilliermondii, Biotechnol Lett. 16, 1994, 1211-1216.
[9] R. Elander and T. Hsu, Processing and economic impacts of biomass delignification for ethanol production, Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol, 51, 1995, 463-478.
[10] Jr A. Pessoa, I. M. Mancilha and S. Sato, Acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse, Braz J Chem Eng., 14(3),
1997, doi: 10.1590/S0104-66321997000300-013.
1-11.
[2] M. Mahadevappa, Parthenium hysterophorus. L – A Dreaded Weed, International Parthenium research News, 1(1), 2008.
[3] A. J. Mcconnachie, L. W. Strathie, W. Mersie, L. Gebrehiwot, K. Zewdie, A. Abdurehim, B. Abrha, T. Arrrraya, F. Asaregew,
F. Assefa, R. Gebre-Tsadik, L. Nigatu, B. Tadesse and T. Tana, Current and potential geographical distribution of the invasive
plant Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) in eastern and southern Africa, Weed Research, 51(1), 2011, 71-84.
[4] T. J. Eberts, R. H. Sample, M. R. Glick and G. H. Ellis, A simplified colorimetric micromethod for xylose in serum or urine,
with phloroglucinol, Clin Chem. 25, 1979, 1440-1443.
[5] S. L. Johnson Bliss M, Mayersohn and K. A. Conrad, Phloroglucinol-based colorimetry of xylose in plasma and urine compared
with a specific gas-chomatographic procedure, Clin Chem. 30, 1984, 1571-1574.
[6] J. F. Saeman, Kinetics of wood saccharificarion hydrolysis of cellulose and decomposition of sugar in dilute acid at high
temperature, Industrial and Engg. Chem. 37(1), 1945, 43-52.
[7] C. Pronyk and G. Mazza, Kinetic Modeling of Hemicellulose Hydrolysis from Triticale Straw in a Pressurized Low Polarity
Water Flow-Though Reactor, Ind Eng Chem. 49, 2010, 6367 – 6375.
[8] I. C. Roberto, I. M. Mancilha, C. A. Souza, M. G. A. Felipe, S. Sato and H. F. Castro, Evaluation of rice straw hemicellulose
hydrolysate in the production of xylitol by Candida guilliermondii, Biotechnol Lett. 16, 1994, 1211-1216.
[9] R. Elander and T. Hsu, Processing and economic impacts of biomass delignification for ethanol production, Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol, 51, 1995, 463-478.
[10] Jr A. Pessoa, I. M. Mancilha and S. Sato, Acid hydrolysis of hemicellulose from sugarcane bagasse, Braz J Chem Eng., 14(3),
1997, doi: 10.1590/S0104-66321997000300-013.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children in Rural Area of Vizianagaram. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr.Supriya Panda , Dr.U.Dharma Rao, Dr.K.Rama Sankaram |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0334244 |
Abstract:A total of 124 school children of Nellimarla mandal, which includes 65 females and 59 males, were
screened for intestinal parasitic infections. E.histolytica and G.intestinalis were the commonest parasites
isolated (each 37.7%), followed by H.nana(11.6%), Hookworm(8.7%) and Strongyloides(4.3%).Infection rate
was highest in 8 years age group(66.7%). Females (55%) were infected more than males (40%).
Keywords: Intestinal parasites, school children
Keywords: Intestinal parasites, school children
[1] WHO report 1987
[2] G.kang et.al.,Tropical medicine and international health, volume-3 no.1,page-72-75,year 1998.
[3] Pinar Okyay et.al.,BMC, Public health, 4:64, 2004.
[4] Sehgal R Gogulamudi V. Reddy Jaco J. Verweij Atluri V. Subba Rao. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school
children and pregnant women in a low socio-economic area, Chandigarh, North India.
[5] Reviews in infection .Research Article.2010;1(2):100-103.
[6] Atul Aher, Sanjeev Kulkarni. Prevalence of intestinal parasites inschool going schildren in a rural community.International J of
biomedical rearch.2011;2(12):605-607
[7] Bindinger et.al., Aspects of intestinal parasitism in villagers from rural peninsular India, parasitology, 87, page 299-306,1981.
[8] I.Paul et.al., Indian journal of pediatrics, volume – 66, no.5, page-669-673, year 1999.
[9] S. Awasthi and V.K. Pande Prevalence of malnutrition and intestinal parasites in preschool slum children in Lucknow.Indian
Paediatrics.1997;34:599-605.
[2] G.kang et.al.,Tropical medicine and international health, volume-3 no.1,page-72-75,year 1998.
[3] Pinar Okyay et.al.,BMC, Public health, 4:64, 2004.
[4] Sehgal R Gogulamudi V. Reddy Jaco J. Verweij Atluri V. Subba Rao. Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among school
children and pregnant women in a low socio-economic area, Chandigarh, North India.
[5] Reviews in infection .Research Article.2010;1(2):100-103.
[6] Atul Aher, Sanjeev Kulkarni. Prevalence of intestinal parasites inschool going schildren in a rural community.International J of
biomedical rearch.2011;2(12):605-607
[7] Bindinger et.al., Aspects of intestinal parasitism in villagers from rural peninsular India, parasitology, 87, page 299-306,1981.
[8] I.Paul et.al., Indian journal of pediatrics, volume – 66, no.5, page-669-673, year 1999.
[9] S. Awasthi and V.K. Pande Prevalence of malnutrition and intestinal parasites in preschool slum children in Lucknow.Indian
Paediatrics.1997;34:599-605.
- Citation
- Abstract
- Reference
- Full PDF
| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | An Analysis of RF Radiation on Pharmaceutical medicine at Variable Distance |
| Country | : | Malaysia |
| Authors | : | M. A. Othman, M. Z. A. A. Aziz, M. Sinnappa, M. M. Ismail, H.A. Sulaiman, M. A. Meor Said, M. H. Misran |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0334550 |
Abstract:In this technical paper contains the information of the Radio Frequency (RF) exposure along 10
MHz to 3 GHz frequency on pharmaceutical medicine where in this testing Paracetamol were tested. The
samples were prepared at five different mol (10, 20, 30, 40 & 50 ml) and three different distances (5, 10 & 15
cm) between horn antenna and the samples. The reactions from the medicine due to RF radiation are measured
at S11 by fixed distance versus varied mol. The quasi-static technique and the RF exposure results, with
respective specification was included and discussed.
Keywords: Pharmaceutical medicine, mol, RF radiations, horn antenna, quasi-static
Keywords: Pharmaceutical medicine, mol, RF radiations, horn antenna, quasi-static
[1] Bruce Fette, Aiello, Chandra, Dobkin (et al.), "RF & Wireless Technologies: Know It All", Elsevier Inc. 2008.
[2] The international committee for information technology standards (INCITS), INCITS T20 (Real Time Locating system),
http://www.autoid.org/INCIT/ncits_t20_2002.htm
[3] U.S Department of Health and Human Service, Food and Drug Administration, "Combating Counterfeit Drugs: A report of food and
drug", Februrary 18, 2004. http://www.fda.gov/oc/intiatiatives/counterfeit/report02_o4.html
[4] K.RothkAMN, "Evidance for a lack of DNA dauble-stand break repair in human cell exposed to very low x-ray doses", PROC. Natl.
Acad. Sci. of the USA, vol. 100, pp, 5057-5062, 2003.
[5] "Uderstanding Radiation In Our World" National Safety council" , Washington DC, pp 17.
[6] Ismail Uysal..(et al.), Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Universiti of Florida, "Non-Thermal Effects of Rdio Frequency
Exposure on Biologic Pharmaceuticals for RFID Application", IEEE RFID 2010.
[7] H. Bassen, S. Seidman, J. Rogul, A. Desta, and S. Wolfgang, "An exposure system for evaluating possible effects of RFID on va rious
formulations of drug products," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID, pp.191–198, 2007.
[8] Ismail Uysal, Ph.D, Jean-Pierre Emond, Ph.D,University of South Florida College of Technology and Innovation, "RFID in the
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Regulations, Physical Limitations and a Real-life Study" RFiD Journal- Ninth Anual Conference and
Exhibition April 12-14 2011.
[9] Glen Dash, Ampyx LLC, "How RF Anechoic Chamber Work" Glen Dash at alum. Mit.edu, 2005 Ampyx LLC 2005.
[10] Michael Steer, "RF MICROWAVE AND RF DESIGN : A Systems Approach", SciTECH Publishing, inc., 2010, pp 288.
[2] The international committee for information technology standards (INCITS), INCITS T20 (Real Time Locating system),
http://www.autoid.org/INCIT/ncits_t20_2002.htm
[3] U.S Department of Health and Human Service, Food and Drug Administration, "Combating Counterfeit Drugs: A report of food and
drug", Februrary 18, 2004. http://www.fda.gov/oc/intiatiatives/counterfeit/report02_o4.html
[4] K.RothkAMN, "Evidance for a lack of DNA dauble-stand break repair in human cell exposed to very low x-ray doses", PROC. Natl.
Acad. Sci. of the USA, vol. 100, pp, 5057-5062, 2003.
[5] "Uderstanding Radiation In Our World" National Safety council" , Washington DC, pp 17.
[6] Ismail Uysal..(et al.), Agriculture and Biological Engineering, Universiti of Florida, "Non-Thermal Effects of Rdio Frequency
Exposure on Biologic Pharmaceuticals for RFID Application", IEEE RFID 2010.
[7] H. Bassen, S. Seidman, J. Rogul, A. Desta, and S. Wolfgang, "An exposure system for evaluating possible effects of RFID on va rious
formulations of drug products," Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on RFID, pp.191–198, 2007.
[8] Ismail Uysal, Ph.D, Jean-Pierre Emond, Ph.D,University of South Florida College of Technology and Innovation, "RFID in the
Pharmaceutical Supply Chain: Regulations, Physical Limitations and a Real-life Study" RFiD Journal- Ninth Anual Conference and
Exhibition April 12-14 2011.
[9] Glen Dash, Ampyx LLC, "How RF Anechoic Chamber Work" Glen Dash at alum. Mit.edu, 2005 Ampyx LLC 2005.
[10] Michael Steer, "RF MICROWAVE AND RF DESIGN : A Systems Approach", SciTECH Publishing, inc., 2010, pp 288.