iosr-JPBS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-6

Abstract:Considerable controversy surrounds the formation of cooperative thrift and provision of transportation facilities undertaken by the maritime workers' union as means of improving members welfare. Our analysis of this study draws evidence from 1000 respondents. A self-constructed 45 item questionnaire on a four scale was used for data collection. Overall, findings reveals that a significant positive relationship exists between union's formation of cooperative societies and the provision of transportation facilities for union members. The study recommends that along with raising the welfare of its members which was found to be generally low, labour unions should rise to the responsibility of encouraging their members to join cooperative thrift and that union leaders should be credible individuals who seek the welfare of its members and not their personal interest.

Abstract :The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated in the genes of insulin signaling pathway have been associated with type 2 diabetes. We investigated three single nucleotide polymorphisms at codon 233, 234 and 276 in exon 3 of insulin receptor gene in type 2 diabetic patients of Kashmir valley. 468 subjects comprising of 198 type 2 diabetic cases and 270 non diabetic controls were included in the study. PCR-RFLP technique was used for genotyping.Amplified products were digested withMspI, RsaI and FokI restriction enzymes. Results were validated by direct sequencing of amplicons. All the subjects were monomorphic as no genotypic or allelic variation was observed in either cases or controls. Our study elucidates that substitutions at codon 233, 234 and 276 in exon 3 of insulin receptor gene do not occur in our population and thereby has no role in conferring any risk or genetic predisposition towards development of type 2 diabetes..
Keyword: Insulin receptor, Kashmir valley, Single nucleotide polymorphism, Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract:Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a community acquired infection in the past decade. Molecular studies showed that HCA-MRSA and CA-MRSA represent different organisms that produced different clinical syndromes .MRSA infection is associated with high morbidity, mortality, longer hospital stay and economic burden worldwide. All over the world, the dissemination of a few distinct clones of CA-MRSA has resulted in an increase in skin and soft tissue infections and necrotizing pneumonia, without defined risk factors. There has been link to fluroquinolone (FQ) exposure to epidemic CA-MRSA strains obtained from subjects with nasal colonization. Low socioeconomic status may be one common link among the identified high-risk groups, although many patients with CA-MRSA infections have no risk factor. CA-MRSA isolates are characterized by the presence of SCCmec type IV or type V. S.aureus clones ST30, ST80, CC75 and ST 93 has been documented in some countries. These clones are likely to provide insights into the emergence of methicillin resistant strains of S.aureus. CA-MRSA is readily disseminated in the hospitals and may cause outbreaks of infection .It is suggested that the use of the few effective antibiotic agent should be restricted .Despite these measures, the spread of this organism may not be contained.
Key Words:MRSA, CA-MRSA, HCA-MRSA, S.aureus.

Abstract:Research Question:-What is the level of knowledge & practices regarding prevention of Dengue fever among the JHWs? Objectives of the Study were: - 1. To assess the knowledge of JHWs regarding cause, spread and prevention of dengue fever. 2. To identify the practices towards preventive measures in dengue fever among the JHWs. 3. To find out the association between the sociodemographic variables of JHW's And level of knowledge regarding dengue. 4. To find out the association between knowledge and practices towards Prevention of dengue fever among the JHWs. Participants: Purposely selected 95 JHWs between 19-58yrs age group of both sex working under the PHC's of Belgaum Taluka.

Abstract:Access of adult insects to food supplement will affect the intrinsic life history traits. Artificial diets are important for mass culture of insects for research and other purposes. Therefore, the effects of sugar diet on the aspect of longevity of adults, fecundity of female and hatchability of eggs of cocoa moth, Ephestia cautella W. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were investigated in the laboratory at ambient temperature 27 ± 2ºC, 70± 5% relative humidity and 12:12 hour photoperiod). Prior to mating, homogenous cultures of E. cautella reared on cocoa powder artificial diet were exposed to: water without sugar (WWS), sugar solution at 5% –Sa, sugar sugar at 10% –Sb and no water, no sugar (NSNW)- control. The result showed a significant increase (P > 0.05) in the pre-oviposition period of Sa (3.17±1.80) > Sb (2.42±1.18) > WWS (2.08±0.79) > NSNW (1.75±0.75). The incubation period was 4.7days, 4.0 days and 4.6 days and 3.2 days in NWNS, WWS, Sa and Sb respectively. Fecundity ranged between 21.95 ± 7.82 in mated male X mated female to 131.05 ± 31.73 in virgin female treated to 10% sugar solution X virgin male without treatment. Female longevity significantly reduced in virgin female with 10% sugar solution (3.30 ± 0.24 days) than in virgin female without treatments (7.40 ± 0.17 days) and mated female treated to 5% sugar solution (7.40 ± 0.21 days). However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the longevity of virgin male without treatments (9.75 ± 0.23 days), mated male without treatments (9.00 ± 0.10 days) and virgin males treated to 5% sugar solution (9.45 ± 0.71 days). Diets and other supplements can be modified so as to suppress and/or improve the intrinsic life history traits in insects, which can be harnessed in mass rearing of insects, as well as a non- chemical technique in pest management.
Key Words:Artificial diets; Ephestia cautella; Fecundity; Life history; Longevity; Preoviposition.

Abstract:This investigation aims at comparing starches from two grains: Maize (Zea mays) and Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) grains. These grains are used mainly as foods and they contain high amount of carbohydrate. The presence of starch in these grains varies and thus their use as pharmaceutical excipients will vary to the degree of their starch functionality. The powders obtained were characterized for their particle size, particle size distribution. The organoleptic and physicochemical characterization such as viscosity, hydration capacity, swelling capacity, moisture sorption capacity, pH, flow rate and porosity, Carr's index and Hausner's ratio were evaluated. Maize starch showed the least Carr's index, Hausner ratio, porosity, moisture sorption capacity and the greatest flow rate. Sweet potato starch showed the highest hydration capacity and swelling capacity. The results obtained showed that between the two starches in relation to their flowability, maize starch possesses the best flow property. Compatibility of Etoricoxib with maize and sweet potato starch was evaluated by IR spectra and found that both Etoricoxib is compatible along with maize and sweet potato starch. This knowledge of starch properties will help to explain the behavior of these starches when used as tablet excipients.
Key Words:Starch, Carbohydrate, Flow ability, Etoricoxib.

Abstract:Diarrhea is the most common illness affecting human. It is defined as passing three or more unformed stools in 24 hours. The most common causes of diarrhea include the following: Bacterial infections, viral infections, parasites, functional bowel disorders, intestinal diseases, food intolerance, sensitivities and reaction to medicines. People who visit certain foreign countries are at risk for traveler's diarrhea (TD). Bacterial ghosts are empty cells with intact envelopes, they have a natural outer surface make-up which provides them with the original targeting functions of the pathogen they are derived from and are thus able to induce strong local immunity, ghost are produced by controlled expression of cloned bactriophage phi x 174 lysis gene.
Key Words:Diarrhea, ghost delivery system, Salmonella typhi Ty21a.

Abstract:Hepatitis B is a serious health risk nowadays and needs advancement in its treatment against increasing problems of fewer efficacies of drugs and the existence of resistant mutants of hepatitis B virus (HBV). In the present study the problem of designing an anti-Hepatitis B drug with more efficacies was solved by using computer aided drug designing (CADD). Docking of 30 selected ligands, comprised of active drugs for hepatitis B and compounds having anti-Hepatitis B activity, was done with the active site of protein GIPC2 and a lead compound was recognized on the basis of hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic and ionic interactions. A Quantitative structure activity relationship of selected 30 compounds was also performed in which electronic and steric descriptors were calculated and correlated with the bioactivity (IC50) of the drugs. Three analogs of the lead compound were designed to enhance its activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV). Analogs were docked with protein GIPC2 and their interactions showed that they could possess good inhibitory activity against HBV with suitable drug-like properties as compared to other active drugs for hepatitis B and therefore could be recommended for further studies.
Key Words:Analog, anti-hepatitis B drugs, antiviral agents, anti HBV drugs, computer aided drug design, IC50, molecular docking, lead compound, QSAR