Volume-4 ~ Issue-3
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Docking study on Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptors AccD5 and PKS18 with selected phytochemicals |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Dr. C. Anchana Devi |
 |
: | 10.9790/3008-0430104  |
Abstract:Epidemiological studies have indicated that 1.7 billion people, as much as one third of the world's
population, are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis (TB). This
pathogen is responsible for more human deaths than any other single infectious agent throughout the centuries
of human history. Considering the world–wide TB problems, there is an urgent need to develop relatively
inexpensive new drugs to treat this deadly disease. Natural products isolated from plants have played an
important role in discovery of drugs against infectious diseases. In the present study, three ligand molecules
(basically secondary metabolites) which were commonly present in the plants were docked with the selected
Mycobacterium receptor AccD5 and PKS18. Among them Phytol had a significant inhibitory activity with the
receptor AccD5 binding to the pocket (GLY 241– GLY 242) forming hydrogen bonds at a very low energy value,
thus forming a stable complex.The active compounds were found to be diterpene alcohol and isomers of
diterpene alcohol. These molecules had a good number of conformations showing the flexible behavior of the
ligand. The total energy of the receptor and ligand complexes has also been calculated.
Key words:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Molecular docking , Phytol , AccD5.
Key words:Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Molecular docking , Phytol , AccD5.
[1] Ryan, K.J. and Ray, C.G. (2004). (Eds.), Sherris Medical Microbiology, fourth ed. McGraw Hill, ISBN 0–8385–8529–9.
[2] Tomioka, H. and Namba, K. (2006). Development of antitubercular drugs: current status and future prospects, Kekkaku (Japanese
Journal). 81(12):753–774.
[3] Berning, S.E. (2001). The role of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis today, Drugs. 61:9–18.
[4] Reddy, V.M., Nadadhur, G., Daneluzzi, D.D., Osullivan, J.F. and Gangadharam, P.R.J. (1996). Antituberculosis activities of
clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:633–636.
[5] Barry, C.E. (1997). New horizons in the treatment of tuberculosis, Biochem.Pharmacol. 54:1165–1172.
[6] Pasquato, K.F.M. and Ferreira, E.I. (2001). An approach for the rational design of new antitubercular agents, Curr. Drug Targets.
2:427–437.
[7] Diacovich, L., Mitchell, D., Pham, H., Gago, G., Melgar, M. M., Khosla, C., Gramajo, H. and Tsai, S.C. (2004). Crystal structure of
the beta–subunit of acyl–CoA carboxylase: structure–based engineering of substrate specificity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Diacovich %22%5BAuthor%5DBiochemistry. 43:14027–36.
[8] Ewing, T., Makino, S., Skillman, A. and Kuntz, I. (2001).DOCK 4.0: search strategies for automated molecular docking of flexible
molecule databases. J Comput Aided Mol. Des. 15 (5): 411–28.
[9] Bursulaya, B., Totrov, M., Abagyan, R. and Brooks, C. (2003).Comparative Study of Several Algorithms For Flexible Ligand
Docking.J Comput Aided Mol Des.17: 755–63.
[10] Irawin D. Kuntz, Elaine C. Meng, and Brain K. Shoichet (1994). Acc. Chem. Res. 27 (5):117–123.
[2] Tomioka, H. and Namba, K. (2006). Development of antitubercular drugs: current status and future prospects, Kekkaku (Japanese
Journal). 81(12):753–774.
[3] Berning, S.E. (2001). The role of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis today, Drugs. 61:9–18.
[4] Reddy, V.M., Nadadhur, G., Daneluzzi, D.D., Osullivan, J.F. and Gangadharam, P.R.J. (1996). Antituberculosis activities of
clofazimine and its new analogs B4154 and B4157, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 40:633–636.
[5] Barry, C.E. (1997). New horizons in the treatment of tuberculosis, Biochem.Pharmacol. 54:1165–1172.
[6] Pasquato, K.F.M. and Ferreira, E.I. (2001). An approach for the rational design of new antitubercular agents, Curr. Drug Targets.
2:427–437.
[7] Diacovich, L., Mitchell, D., Pham, H., Gago, G., Melgar, M. M., Khosla, C., Gramajo, H. and Tsai, S.C. (2004). Crystal structure of
the beta–subunit of acyl–CoA carboxylase: structure–based engineering of substrate specificity.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Diacovich %22%5BAuthor%5DBiochemistry. 43:14027–36.
[8] Ewing, T., Makino, S., Skillman, A. and Kuntz, I. (2001).DOCK 4.0: search strategies for automated molecular docking of flexible
molecule databases. J Comput Aided Mol. Des. 15 (5): 411–28.
[9] Bursulaya, B., Totrov, M., Abagyan, R. and Brooks, C. (2003).Comparative Study of Several Algorithms For Flexible Ligand
Docking.J Comput Aided Mol Des.17: 755–63.
[10] Irawin D. Kuntz, Elaine C. Meng, and Brain K. Shoichet (1994). Acc. Chem. Res. 27 (5):117–123.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Effect of Water Load, Saline Load and Lipton Tea on Urine Output and Urine Ph in Young Healthy Male and Female Human Subjects |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Blessing Omolaso, Sule Uredo'ojo, Adeniran Akinola, Dr. Olutunde Adegbite and Dr Francis Oluwole |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0430509 |
Abstract :The study was aimed at comparing the diuretic effect of saline load, water load and Lipton tea in
between healthy male and female undergraduate medical students ( 18-26yrs). They were randomly grouped
into five groups having both male and female subjects : control(A),water(B), normal saline(C), Hypertonic
saline,1%(D), Lipton tea(E). The day before the experiment, instructions were given; the experimental groups
drank their solution 12ml/kg body weight then the urine output was measured at 30mins interval. Paired t-test
was used to analyse result between male and female intra group difference in urine output and pH with
significant level having p value ≤ 0.05. The data are presented as mean±SEM. In water group at 30mins showed
diuretic effect in both male and female (132.6±31.44 and 223.8±76) respectively and peaked at 60mins
(202.4±38.96 and 304±36.78) in male and female. Lipton tea also showed diuretic effect which started in the
females at 30mins (68.2±8.92) while it started at 60mins(185.6±34.24) in the males.
Keyword: Urine output, duiresis, volume loading
Keyword: Urine output, duiresis, volume loading
[1] Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall. Textbook of Medical Physiology. Eleventh Edition. Pg 291-363, 2006 ISBN 0-7216-0240-1
[2] David H. Ellison Disorders of sodium balance. Chapter1 2005 Vol. 1 Atlas of disease of the kidney.www.kidneyatlas.org/toc.htm
[3] Kadam S.S., Maadik K.R., Bothara K. G Principle of Medicinal Chemistry-2007Vol 1 diuretics pg.218,Nirali Prakashan
Publicaion.
[4] Linda S.Costanzo,Textbook of Physiology. Third Edition2007. Pg235-295
[5] Paudel B H, Kumer S. Effect of water and saline load on urinary output in healthy undergraduate medical students. Journal of Nepal
Medical Association 432003;23-26
[6] Poujeol P, Chabardes D, Roinel N, De Rouffignac C Influence of extracellular fluid volume expansion on magnesium, calcium and
phosphate handling along the rat nephron. Pflugers Arch 1976; 3651976 (2-3): 203-211.
[7] Sembulingam K. and Prema Sembulingam, Essentials of Physiology Fourth Edition 2006ISBN 81-8061-826-9
[8] Udokong N. E. and Akpogromeh B.A. Effect of volume loading with water,Normal Saline,palmwine and Lipton tea on urinary
output, pH, Specific Gravity, sodium and Potassium Concentration in Human Subjects. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
202005 (1-2)101-106
[2] David H. Ellison Disorders of sodium balance. Chapter1 2005 Vol. 1 Atlas of disease of the kidney.www.kidneyatlas.org/toc.htm
[3] Kadam S.S., Maadik K.R., Bothara K. G Principle of Medicinal Chemistry-2007Vol 1 diuretics pg.218,Nirali Prakashan
Publicaion.
[4] Linda S.Costanzo,Textbook of Physiology. Third Edition2007. Pg235-295
[5] Paudel B H, Kumer S. Effect of water and saline load on urinary output in healthy undergraduate medical students. Journal of Nepal
Medical Association 432003;23-26
[6] Poujeol P, Chabardes D, Roinel N, De Rouffignac C Influence of extracellular fluid volume expansion on magnesium, calcium and
phosphate handling along the rat nephron. Pflugers Arch 1976; 3651976 (2-3): 203-211.
[7] Sembulingam K. and Prema Sembulingam, Essentials of Physiology Fourth Edition 2006ISBN 81-8061-826-9
[8] Udokong N. E. and Akpogromeh B.A. Effect of volume loading with water,Normal Saline,palmwine and Lipton tea on urinary
output, pH, Specific Gravity, sodium and Potassium Concentration in Human Subjects. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences
202005 (1-2)101-106
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | "Effect of n-Butanol on macrophage functions: An in vitro study." |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Sandeep Satapathy, Dr.Anju Shrivastava |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0431017 |
Abstract :The modern day lifestyle has witnessed an exposure to different concentrations of n-Butanol in our
environment. These compounds are found in different states mostly in dissolved form in aerosols, paints, dyes,
medicines and cosmetics etc. However the concentration of environmental exposure in normal conditions is not
lethal but it induces a reduced macrophage function in terms phagocytic activity and release of ROS (reactive
oxygen species) in response to stress conditions. These alcohols have a delayed degradation time in the body
due to higher carbon atoms in comparison to ethanol but the effect on macrophage function is not a pronounce
as ethanol at similar concentrations. In this invitro experiment, an exposure of upto 5M n-Butanol proved to be
lethal for murine macrophage cells (RAW cell lines) significantly causing cell death. However the effect on
phagocytosis and ROS species is pronouncedly less at 2M concentration in comparison to ethanol. Therefore, it
indicates at places with high exposure of n-butanol, there is a drastic effect of n-Butanol but in places of normal
exposure it leads to a suppressed innate immune response by lowering the phagocytic uptake 20-30% and a
slightly reduced release of ROS even at 105 cells accumulation.
[1] Aldo-Benson, M., Pratt, L. and Hardwick, J. (1992) Alcohol can inhibit effect of IL-4 on activated murine B cells. Immunological
Research 11, 117–124.
[2] Anthony, V., Godbey, S., Hott, J. and Queener, S. (1993) Alcohol-induced inhibition of alveolar (Aldo-Benson, 1992)macrophage
oxidant release in vivo and in vitro. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 17, 389–393.
[3] (Bagasra, 1988), A. (1988) Macrophage function in chronic experimental alcoholism. Immunology 65, 405–409.
[4] (Bagasra O. B., 1996)(1996) Increased HIV type-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by ethanol:
potential immunopathogenic mechanisms. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, 550–55
[5] (Baggiolini, 1992). (1997) Human chemokines: an update. Annual Review of Immunology 15, 675–705.
[6] (Baker, 1993)(1993) Recent developments in alcoholism: immunological aspects [review]. Recent Developments in Alcoholism
11, 249–271.
[7] (Bautista, 1995)(1995) Chronic alcohol intoxication enhances the expression of CD18 adhesion molecules on rat neutrophi ls and
release of a chemotactic factor by Kupffer cells. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19, 285–290.
[8] (Bautista A. P., 1997). (1997) Chronic alcohol intoxication induces hepatic injury through enhanced macrophage inflammatory
protein-2 (MIP-2) production and intracellular adhesion molecule expression in the liver. Hepatology 25, 335–342
[9] (Bautista A. P., 1994)(1994) Acute ethanol intoxication regulates f-met-leu-phe-induced chemotaxis and superoxide release by
neutrophils and Kupffer cells through modulation of the formyl peptide receptor in the rat. Life Sciences 54, 721–730.
[10] Ben-Eliyahu, S., Page, G. G., Yirmiya, R. and Taylor, A. N. (1996) Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses natural killer cell
activity and promotes tumor metastasis. (Ben-Eliyahu) 457–460.
Research 11, 117–124.
[2] Anthony, V., Godbey, S., Hott, J. and Queener, S. (1993) Alcohol-induced inhibition of alveolar (Aldo-Benson, 1992)macrophage
oxidant release in vivo and in vitro. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 17, 389–393.
[3] (Bagasra, 1988), A. (1988) Macrophage function in chronic experimental alcoholism. Immunology 65, 405–409.
[4] (Bagasra O. B., 1996)(1996) Increased HIV type-1 replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells induced by ethanol:
potential immunopathogenic mechanisms. Journal of Infectious Diseases 173, 550–55
[5] (Baggiolini, 1992). (1997) Human chemokines: an update. Annual Review of Immunology 15, 675–705.
[6] (Baker, 1993)(1993) Recent developments in alcoholism: immunological aspects [review]. Recent Developments in Alcoholism
11, 249–271.
[7] (Bautista, 1995)(1995) Chronic alcohol intoxication enhances the expression of CD18 adhesion molecules on rat neutrophi ls and
release of a chemotactic factor by Kupffer cells. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 19, 285–290.
[8] (Bautista A. P., 1997). (1997) Chronic alcohol intoxication induces hepatic injury through enhanced macrophage inflammatory
protein-2 (MIP-2) production and intracellular adhesion molecule expression in the liver. Hepatology 25, 335–342
[9] (Bautista A. P., 1994)(1994) Acute ethanol intoxication regulates f-met-leu-phe-induced chemotaxis and superoxide release by
neutrophils and Kupffer cells through modulation of the formyl peptide receptor in the rat. Life Sciences 54, 721–730.
[10] Ben-Eliyahu, S., Page, G. G., Yirmiya, R. and Taylor, A. N. (1996) Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses natural killer cell
activity and promotes tumor metastasis. (Ben-Eliyahu) 457–460.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | The Effect Of Short, Intermediate And Long Duration Of Swimming On Pulmonary Function Tests. |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Nilesh Netaji Kate, Chandrika G. Teli, Ambareesha Kondam, Madhuri A, Suresh M, Chandrashekar M. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0431820 |
Abstract :Background & Objectives: As muscular strength can be increased by regular exercise, it was
decided to study the effect of strenuous swimming on the pulmonary function tests, as it involves both, the total
body muscular activity and excessive use of chest and abdominal muscles following periods of breath holding,
which is a part of training for competitive swimmers.
Methods: Selected lung volumes and capacities were determined on 60 swimmers of three different groups i.e.
group I- swimming experience of less than 2 years, Group II- between 2 to 5 years, and Group III- >5 years and
compared with 60 controls. The purpose of the study is to find the effect of swimming for different duration on
pulmonary function tests i.e. forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume (FEV1), inspiratory Capacity
(IC) And tidal Volume (TV)
Key words: Exercise, Pulmonary function test, Swimmers,
Key words: Exercise, Pulmonary function test, Swimmers,
[1] Malhotra M. S. et al. Functional capacity and body composition of different classes of Indian athletes. Indian J. Physiol. and
Pharmacol. 1972; 16(4): 301-308.
[2] Pherwni A.V, Desai A. G, and Solepure A. B: A study of pulmonary function of competitive swimmers. Indian. J. Physiol.
pharmac. 1989, vol. 33. (4); 228-232.
[3] Lakhera S. C. et al: Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian. J. Physiol.
Pharmacol. 1984; 28(3): 187-194.
[4] Cotes J E: Introduction. In: Lung Function Assessment and Application in Medicine, 1st edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications,
oxford, 1965; 1-13.
[5] Comroe J. J. Physiology of respiration .2nd Ed. Year Book Medical Publishers Incorporated, Chicago, U. S. A. 1975; 94-141.
[6] Astrand P. O. et al. Reduction in maximal oxygen uptake with age. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1973; 35: 649.
[7] Astrand P. O. and Rodahl K, Text book of work Physiology: 3rd edition, New York, Mc. GrawHill publication, 1986.
[8] Balfour N, Szonim and Hamilton M. H. Lung volumes and its subdivisions. Respiratory Physiology. C. V. Mosby and company ed
III, 1976; 40-46.
[9] Lakhera S. C. et al, Lung function in middle distance adolescent runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1994,
38(2): 117-120.
[10] Andrew G. M, Becklake M. R, Guleria J. S and Bates D. V: Heart and lung functions in swimmers and non-athletes during growth.
J. Applied Physiol. 1972; 32: 245-251.
Pharmacol. 1972; 16(4): 301-308.
[2] Pherwni A.V, Desai A. G, and Solepure A. B: A study of pulmonary function of competitive swimmers. Indian. J. Physiol.
pharmac. 1989, vol. 33. (4); 228-232.
[3] Lakhera S. C. et al: Pulmonary function of Indian athletes and sportsmen: comparison with American athletes. Indian. J. Physiol.
Pharmacol. 1984; 28(3): 187-194.
[4] Cotes J E: Introduction. In: Lung Function Assessment and Application in Medicine, 1st edition. Blackwell Scientific Publications,
oxford, 1965; 1-13.
[5] Comroe J. J. Physiology of respiration .2nd Ed. Year Book Medical Publishers Incorporated, Chicago, U. S. A. 1975; 94-141.
[6] Astrand P. O. et al. Reduction in maximal oxygen uptake with age. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1973; 35: 649.
[7] Astrand P. O. and Rodahl K, Text book of work Physiology: 3rd edition, New York, Mc. GrawHill publication, 1986.
[8] Balfour N, Szonim and Hamilton M. H. Lung volumes and its subdivisions. Respiratory Physiology. C. V. Mosby and company ed
III, 1976; 40-46.
[9] Lakhera S. C. et al, Lung function in middle distance adolescent runners. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 1994,
38(2): 117-120.
[10] Andrew G. M, Becklake M. R, Guleria J. S and Bates D. V: Heart and lung functions in swimmers and non-athletes during growth.
J. Applied Physiol. 1972; 32: 245-251.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Antimicrobial Activity of Phyllanthus Emblica and Allium Sativum: Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Action of Crude and Ethanolic Extract of These Natural Plant Products |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Ummey Nahor and Zakaria Ahmed |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0432126 |
Abstract :The antimicrobial effects of extracts of A. sativum and P. emblica, against pathogenic
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella
paratyphi, Salmonella sp., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus were investigated using the agar well and disc
diffusion method. Aqueous extracts of A. sativum and P. emblica were more effective than ethanolic extarct
producing larger zones of growth inhibition. All of natural products showed the MIC values ranged from 6.25–
25.0μg/ml while the MBC values ranged from 12.5– 100.0μg/ml. This study is an indication that the A. sativum
and P. emblica has the potentiality to use as a source for new broad spectrum oral antibiotics.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, crude and ethanolic extract, MIC, MBC.
Key words: Antimicrobial activity, crude and ethanolic extract, MIC, MBC.
[1] Aibinu, I., Adenipekun, T., Adelowotan, T., Ogunsanya, T. and Odugbemi, T. (2007) Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of
different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally. Afr. J. Trad. Complem. Alter. Med. 4(2): 185-195.
[2] De Britto, A. J., Gracelin, D. H. S. and Sebastian, S. R. (2011) Antibacterial activity of a few medicinal plants against
Xanthomonas campestris and Aeromonas hydrophila". J. Biopest. 4 (1): 57 - 60 (2011).
[3] Gardner, C., Chatterjee, L. M., Carlson, J. J. (2003) Soy garlic and ginkgo biloba: their potential role in cardiovascular disease
prevention and treatment. Curr. Atheroscler Rep. 5: 468-475.
[4] Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2002) Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. J.
Am. Med. 113: 71-88.
[5] Yeh YY, Liu L (2001). Cholesterol lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: Human and Animal studies. J.
Nutr. 131: 989-993.
[6] Teferi, G. and Hahn, H. J. (2002) Treatment of malaria in Ethiopia folk medicine. Trop. Doc. 32: 206-207.
[7] Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Landry ML, Pfaller MA (2007). 9th edition. ASM Press, Washington DC. Man. Clin.
Microbiol. p. 2260.
[8] Fani MM, Kohanteb J, Dayaghi M (2007). Inhibitory activity of garlic Allium sativum extract on multi drug resistant S.mutans. J.
Indian Soc. Pedad. Prev. Dent. 25(4): 164-168.
[9] Owhe-Ureghe, U. B., Ehwarieme, D. A. and Eboh, D. O. (2010) Antibacterial activity of garlic and lime on isolates of extracted
carious teeth. African J. Biotech. 9(21):3163-3166.
[10] Onyeagba, R. A., Ugbogu, O. C., Okeke, C. U., Iroakasi, O. (2006) Studies on the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum
Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia Linn). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 3: 552-554.
different parts of Citrus aurantifolia (lime fruit) as used locally. Afr. J. Trad. Complem. Alter. Med. 4(2): 185-195.
[2] De Britto, A. J., Gracelin, D. H. S. and Sebastian, S. R. (2011) Antibacterial activity of a few medicinal plants against
Xanthomonas campestris and Aeromonas hydrophila". J. Biopest. 4 (1): 57 - 60 (2011).
[3] Gardner, C., Chatterjee, L. M., Carlson, J. J. (2003) Soy garlic and ginkgo biloba: their potential role in cardiovascular disease
prevention and treatment. Curr. Atheroscler Rep. 5: 468-475.
[4] Kris-Etherton, P. M. (2002) Bioactive compounds in foods: Their role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. J.
Am. Med. 113: 71-88.
[5] Yeh YY, Liu L (2001). Cholesterol lowering effect of garlic extracts and organosulfur compounds: Human and Animal studies. J.
Nutr. 131: 989-993.
[6] Teferi, G. and Hahn, H. J. (2002) Treatment of malaria in Ethiopia folk medicine. Trop. Doc. 32: 206-207.
[7] Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Landry ML, Pfaller MA (2007). 9th edition. ASM Press, Washington DC. Man. Clin.
Microbiol. p. 2260.
[8] Fani MM, Kohanteb J, Dayaghi M (2007). Inhibitory activity of garlic Allium sativum extract on multi drug resistant S.mutans. J.
Indian Soc. Pedad. Prev. Dent. 25(4): 164-168.
[9] Owhe-Ureghe, U. B., Ehwarieme, D. A. and Eboh, D. O. (2010) Antibacterial activity of garlic and lime on isolates of extracted
carious teeth. African J. Biotech. 9(21):3163-3166.
[10] Onyeagba, R. A., Ugbogu, O. C., Okeke, C. U., Iroakasi, O. (2006) Studies on the antimicrobial effects of garlic (Allium sativum
Linn), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and lime (Citrus aurantifolia Linn). Afr. J. Biotechnol. 3: 552-554.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Present Status And Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Of Salmonella Typhi And S. Paratyphi In Different Age Group Hospitalized Patients In Dhaka City, Bangladesh |
| Country | : | Bangladesh |
| Authors | : | Lovely Akter, Munir Hassan and Zakaria Ahmed |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0432730 |
Abstract :In recent years, there has been a significant rise in the prevalence of multidrug resistance Salmonella
typhi and salmonella paratyphi in Dhaka city. Patients are most susceptible to infections like typhoid fever. It is
therefore a subject of interest to observe the number of incidence and antimicrobial resistant pattern of
typhoidal Salmonella in patients in Dhaka city. During February to May 2012, a total of 4,115 blood samples of
typhoid suspected patients were tested where 8.72% came out positive, among which 73.81% were found to be
Salmonella typhi and 26.19% Salmonella paratyphi. Both these organisms were found to be susceptible to
cefixime, gentamycin, ceftriaxone but were found resistant to ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (0.27%),
chloramphenicol (15.04%), cotrimoxazole (17.27%), azithromycin (5.57%), nalidixic acid (100%) and
erythromycin (17.82%). Based on the hypothesis of reduced susceptibility to fluroquinolones, this study has
been concluded with the observation that antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella typhi and paratyphi in
Dhaka city was reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.
Key Words: hospitalized patient, age group, antibiotic resistance, Salmonella spp.
Key Words: hospitalized patient, age group, antibiotic resistance, Salmonella spp.
[1] Asna ZH, Ashraful SM and Mushfequr MDR (2003) Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with decreased
susceptibility to ciprofloxacin caused treatment failure: a report from Bangladesh. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 56:32–33. Argentina.
[2] Adams EB (1987) Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers, In: Weatherall DJ, Ledingham JG, Warrell DA editor(s). Oxford Textbook of
Medicine, 2nd edi. Oxford University Press, 183–5.
[3] Bhan MK, Bahl R and Bhatnagar S (2005) Typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Lancet, 366 (9487): 749–62.
[4] Chande C, Shrikhande S, Kapale S, Agrawal S and Fule RP (2002) Change in antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella Typhi
in Central India. Indian J Med Res, 115:248-50.
[5] Dutta S, Sur D, Manna B, Bhattacharya SK, Deen JL and Clemens JD (2005) Rollback of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
resistance to chloramphenicol and other antimicrobials in Kolkata, India. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49:1662-3.
[6] Effa EE and Bukirwa H (2008) Azithromycin for treating uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever) (Review).
The Cochrane Collaboration. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 4: 1-37.
[7] Gallardo FJ, Ruiz F, Marco KJ, and Vila J. (1999) Increase in incidence to resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and
trimethoprim in clinical isolates of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium with investigation of molecular epidemiology and
mechanisms of resistance, J. Med. Microbiol. 48: 367–374.
[8] Jevanand HR, Ragavan PUM and Gunapathi RS (1997) Study of R-factors among multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhi. Indian J
Med. Microbiol., 15(1): 37-9.
[9] Krishnan P, Stalin M and Balasubramanian S (2009) Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A in Chennai. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 52: 505-8.
[10] Lawson AJ, Dassama MU, Ward LR and Threlfall EJ (2000) Multiply resistant (MR) Smalmonella enterica serotype
Typhimurium DT 12 and DT 120: a case of MR DT 104 in disguise? Eerg. Infect. Dis. 8: 434– 436.
susceptibility to ciprofloxacin caused treatment failure: a report from Bangladesh. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 56:32–33. Argentina.
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[4] Chande C, Shrikhande S, Kapale S, Agrawal S and Fule RP (2002) Change in antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella Typhi
in Central India. Indian J Med Res, 115:248-50.
[5] Dutta S, Sur D, Manna B, Bhattacharya SK, Deen JL and Clemens JD (2005) Rollback of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi
resistance to chloramphenicol and other antimicrobials in Kolkata, India. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49:1662-3.
[6] Effa EE and Bukirwa H (2008) Azithromycin for treating uncomplicated typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever) (Review).
The Cochrane Collaboration. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 4: 1-37.
[7] Gallardo FJ, Ruiz F, Marco KJ, and Vila J. (1999) Increase in incidence to resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and
trimethoprim in clinical isolates of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium with investigation of molecular epidemiology and
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[8] Jevanand HR, Ragavan PUM and Gunapathi RS (1997) Study of R-factors among multidrug resistant Salmonella Typhi. Indian J
Med. Microbiol., 15(1): 37-9.
[9] Krishnan P, Stalin M and Balasubramanian S (2009) Changing trends in antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar
typhi and salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A in Chennai. Indian J Pathol Microbiol, 52: 505-8.
[10] Lawson AJ, Dassama MU, Ward LR and Threlfall EJ (2000) Multiply resistant (MR) Smalmonella enterica serotype
Typhimurium DT 12 and DT 120: a case of MR DT 104 in disguise? Eerg. Infect. Dis. 8: 434– 436.
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Indian Squill: Drimia indica from Coastal Sand Dunes of Konkan, India |
| Country | : | India |
| Authors | : | Vishal R. Kamble, Dinesh G. Agre and Ghansham B. Dixit |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0433136 |
Abstract :Drimia indica (Roxb) Jessop. (Family: Hyacinthaceae), is also known as Indian squill. Due to over
exploitation and anthropogenic pressures such as habitat degradation many populations of D. indica have been
lost and caused genetic depletion as well as loss of genetic diversity. Hence, it is necessary to initiate new
means and approaches are to be worked out for germplasm conservation and sustainable utilization of this
economically important medicinal plant. In present paper an attempt has made to study remarkably ignored
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi with D. indica.. Mycorrhizal colonization percentage in D. indica samples
was varied in different populations in the coastal sand of Konkan region of Maharashtra. In present paper
besides the roots, incidence of mycorrhizal colonization and spores inside the D. indica scale cells is reported
for first time.
Keywords: Acaulospora scrobiculata, AM fungi, CSDs, Drimia indica (Roxb) Jessop. Glomus aggregatum .
Keywords: Acaulospora scrobiculata, AM fungi, CSDs, Drimia indica (Roxb) Jessop. Glomus aggregatum .
[1] A. Camprubí, C. Calvet, P. Cabot, M. Pitet and V. Estaún, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with psammophilic vegetation
in Mediterranean coastal sand dunes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(S1): 2010, S96-S102.
[2] C. Manoharachary, A. Adholeya, I.K. Kunwar, Mycorrhiza: some glimpses. Mycorrhiza News 20(4): 2009, 1-6.
[3] D. Subramanian, Cytogenetical studies in Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 57: 1978, 211-218.
[4] G.B. Dixit and S.R. Yadav, Cytotaxonomical and Genetical Studies in Urginea Steinh. Species from India, Cytologia 54: 1989,
715-721.
[5] H.M. Kawalkar, N.S. Desai, and G.B. Dixit.
DNA Barcoding and Molecular Phylogenetics in Indian Drimia species. Abstract in:
XI Int. Conf. of IOPB–Evolution of plants from tropical to high mountain ecosystem: Focus on Asia, Dr. B.A.M. University
Aurangabad- 2nd to 4th Sep. 2010.
[6] I. Louis, A mycorrhizal survey of plant species colonizing coastal reclaimed land in Singapore, Mycologia, 82: 1990, 772-778.
[7] I.K. Kunwar and C. Manoharachary, Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal and mycophyllous fungi in roots and scale leaves of
garlic, J. Ind. Bot. Soc., 77: 1998, 201–203.
[8] I.K. Kunwar and C. Manoharachary, Colonization of the roots, rhizomes and scale like leafs of ginger by arbuscular fungi, Proc.
Nat. Sympo. on Fungi in Diversified Habitats, Hyderabad: Osmania University, (Ed.) C. Manoharachary, 1999, 31–36.
[9] J.M. Phillips, and D.S. Hayman, Improved procedure for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrh izal
fungi for rapid assessment of infection, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 55: 1970, 158 – 161.
[10] J.W. Gerdemann, and T.H. Nicolson, Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting,
Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 46: 1963, 235-244.
in Mediterranean coastal sand dunes. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(S1): 2010, S96-S102.
[2] C. Manoharachary, A. Adholeya, I.K. Kunwar, Mycorrhiza: some glimpses. Mycorrhiza News 20(4): 2009, 1-6.
[3] D. Subramanian, Cytogenetical studies in Urginea indica (Roxb.) Kunth. J. Ind. Bot. Soc. 57: 1978, 211-218.
[4] G.B. Dixit and S.R. Yadav, Cytotaxonomical and Genetical Studies in Urginea Steinh. Species from India, Cytologia 54: 1989,
715-721.
[5] H.M. Kawalkar, N.S. Desai, and G.B. Dixit.
DNA Barcoding and Molecular Phylogenetics in Indian Drimia species. Abstract in:
XI Int. Conf. of IOPB–Evolution of plants from tropical to high mountain ecosystem: Focus on Asia, Dr. B.A.M. University
Aurangabad- 2nd to 4th Sep. 2010.
[6] I. Louis, A mycorrhizal survey of plant species colonizing coastal reclaimed land in Singapore, Mycologia, 82: 1990, 772-778.
[7] I.K. Kunwar and C. Manoharachary, Colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal and mycophyllous fungi in roots and scale leaves of
garlic, J. Ind. Bot. Soc., 77: 1998, 201–203.
[8] I.K. Kunwar and C. Manoharachary, Colonization of the roots, rhizomes and scale like leafs of ginger by arbuscular fungi, Proc.
Nat. Sympo. on Fungi in Diversified Habitats, Hyderabad: Osmania University, (Ed.) C. Manoharachary, 1999, 31–36.
[9] J.M. Phillips, and D.S. Hayman, Improved procedure for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular arbuscular mycorrh izal
fungi for rapid assessment of infection, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 55: 1970, 158 – 161.
[10] J.W. Gerdemann, and T.H. Nicolson, Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting,
Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc., 46: 1963, 235-244.
- Citation
- Abstract
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Study of comparison of antimicrobial potencies of Bauhinia Variegata leave extracts with antibiotics against selected bacteria |
| Country | : | Iraq |
| Authors | : | Shaymaa .J.Ahmed(Ph.D.) Rawah. A. Faraj(M.SC.) ,Rannin Azawi(B.Sc.) And Marawa .M.Abdal Al- Kareem(B.Sc.) |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0434446 |
Abstract :Various research have reported that Bauhinia Variegata has anti diabetic activity , good insecticide
,antigoiterogenic and better antioxidant activity and it is also reported as anti-inflammatory and
immunomodulatory for various inflammatory diseases.
Alcoholic extracts from of Bauhinia Variegata leaves and comparison of antimicrobial potencies with
antibiotics against selected gram positive and gram negative bacteria .
The leaves extracts has activity for abroad spectrum against gram –positive and gram negative bacteria and
inhibition zone of MIC in diameter (8-11mm) Staphylococcus aureus is the lowest and Escherichia coli is the
highest .
Key words: Bauhinia Variegata , antibiotics resistance and alcoholic extract leaves
Key words: Bauhinia Variegata , antibiotics resistance and alcoholic extract leaves
[1] MMJ.Vijay Kumar, B.X. Eswarappa.& Y.D Bodke. Antimicrobial activity of stem bark of Bauhinia Variegata Linn . American
Journal of Pharm Tech Research .Vol.2(1) (2012) : 564-569 .
[2] G.Gunalan , A .Saraswathy, & V.Krishnamurthy. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant Bauhinia Variegata Linn . International
Journal of Pharmacy &Biological sciences Vol.1(4) (2011): 400-408
[3] Anonymous , the Ayurredic pharcopoeia of india Vol.1 , the controller of publications ,New Dehli, 2001 . 321-322 .
[4] R.Gupta, P.m. Paarakh, & V. Gavani
[5] Pharmacognostical & phytochmical screening of Bauhinia Variegata Linn . leaves . Journal of pharmacy research 2 (7) (2009):
1196-1198 .
[6] K . Bauer , D . Garbe& H. X Surburj . common Fragrance and flavor materials . (1997) 3rd ed . Germany . Wiley – VCH.
[7] S h.J. Ahmed " the transfer of genetic and immune determinant to and genetic improvement of Salmonella typhyi strain used as oral
vaccine
[8] (M.Sc .thesis ) (1997). Collage of sciences . Baghdad university .
[9] S.O. Oyedem , G. Pirochenva, L.V. Mabinya, G. Bradley, & A.J. Afoayan . composition and comparisons of antimicrobial
potencies of some essential oils and antibiotics against selected bacteria . African .J.Biotech. 7(22) (2008) : 4140-4146 .
[10] K .Mounchid , F. Boujilat, , N. Dersi , T .Abonssaouira, A Rachidai , A.Tantaoui- Elaraki, & M. Alaoui-Ismailia. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli
Journal of Pharm Tech Research .Vol.2(1) (2012) : 564-569 .
[2] G.Gunalan , A .Saraswathy, & V.Krishnamurthy. Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plant Bauhinia Variegata Linn . International
Journal of Pharmacy &Biological sciences Vol.1(4) (2011): 400-408
[3] Anonymous , the Ayurredic pharcopoeia of india Vol.1 , the controller of publications ,New Dehli, 2001 . 321-322 .
[4] R.Gupta, P.m. Paarakh, & V. Gavani
[5] Pharmacognostical & phytochmical screening of Bauhinia Variegata Linn . leaves . Journal of pharmacy research 2 (7) (2009):
1196-1198 .
[6] K . Bauer , D . Garbe& H. X Surburj . common Fragrance and flavor materials . (1997) 3rd ed . Germany . Wiley – VCH.
[7] S h.J. Ahmed " the transfer of genetic and immune determinant to and genetic improvement of Salmonella typhyi strain used as oral
vaccine
[8] (M.Sc .thesis ) (1997). Collage of sciences . Baghdad university .
[9] S.O. Oyedem , G. Pirochenva, L.V. Mabinya, G. Bradley, & A.J. Afoayan . composition and comparisons of antimicrobial
potencies of some essential oils and antibiotics against selected bacteria . African .J.Biotech. 7(22) (2008) : 4140-4146 .
[10] K .Mounchid , F. Boujilat, , N. Dersi , T .Abonssaouira, A Rachidai , A.Tantaoui- Elaraki, & M. Alaoui-Ismailia. The susceptibility of Escherichia coli
- Citation
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| Paper Type | : | Research Paper |
| Title | : | Cadmium-induced Renopathy in Wistar Male Rats: Protection by Methanolic Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia Linn. |
| Country | : | Nigeria |
| Authors | : | Ajilore, B.S., Ayannuga, O.A. and Oluogun, W.A. |
|
: | 10.9790/3008-0434751 |
Abstract :The aim of present study was to evaluate the protective potentials of methanolic extract of the leaf of
Momordica charantia (MC) against cadmium-induced renopathy in rats. Thirty male adult wistar rats were
randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C) of ten rats each. Group A rats served as the control and
received normal saline orally. Group B rats were treated with cadmium chloride 2.5 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously
while group C rats were pre-treated orally with extract of MC 300 mg/kg bwt before treating with cadmium
chloride 2.5 mg/kg bwt subcutaneously. The rats were treated every other day regularly for six weeks. Blood
samples were collected by ocular puncture and five rats each per group were sacrificed at third week and six
week post-treatment intervals. Serum creatinine and urea were evaluated. Histopathology of the kidney was
also studied. In cadmium only-treated rats, serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly (p<0.05)
increased when compared to control rats at the two time intervals. Histological observations showed varying
degree of renal toxicity. However, the toxic effect of cadmium was significantly controlled in the rats pre-treated
with methanolic extract of MC at the two time intervals. .
Key words: Momordica charantia, cadmium chloride, renopathy, protective potentials.
Key words: Momordica charantia, cadmium chloride, renopathy, protective potentials.
[1] Tarasub, N., Tarasub, C. and Ayutthaya, W.D. (2011). Protective role of curcumin on cadmium induced nephrotoxicity in rats. J.
Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol. 3(2): 17-24.
[2] Siddiqui, M.F. (2010). Cadmium induced renal toxicity in male rats, Rattus rattus. East. J. of Med. 15: 93-96
[3] Foulkes, E.C. and Blanck, S. (1990). Acute cadmium uptake by rabbit kidneys: Mechanism and effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
102: 464-473.
[4] Trian, E.K. and Trian, A. (1995). Age dependency of selenium and cadmium content in human liver, kidney and thyroid. Arch.
Environ. Health. 50: 242-246.
[5] Habbeebu, S.S., Liu, J. and Klaassen, C.D. (1998). Cadmium-induced apoptosis in mouse liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
149(2):203-209.
[6] Kido, T., Nogawa, K., Ishizaki, M., Honda, R., Tsuritani, I. and Yamada, Y. (1990). Long-term observation of serum creatinine and
arterial blood pH in persons with cadmium-induced renal dysfunction. Arch. Environ. Health. 5: 35-41.
[7] Aoyagi, T., Hayakawa, K., Miyaji, K., Ishikawa, H. and Hata, M. (2003). Cadmium nephrotoxicity and evacuation from the body in
a rat modeled subchronic intoxication. Int. J. Urol. 10: 332-338.
[8] Paul, A. and Raychaudhuri, S.S. (2010). Medicinal uses and molecular identification of two Momordica charantia varieties- A
review. Electronic Journal of Biology. 6(2): 43-51.
[9] Bakare, R.I., Magbagbeola, O. A., Akinwande, A. I. and Okunowo O. W. (2010). Nutritional and chemical evaluation of
Momordica charantia. Journal of Medicnal Plant Research. 4(21): 2189-2193.
[10] Kumar, K.P.S. and Bhowmik, D. (2010). Traditional medicinal uses and therapeutic benefits of Momordica charantia Linn. Int J
Pharm sci Review & Research 4(3): 23-28.
Environ. Chem. Ecotoxicol. 3(2): 17-24.
[2] Siddiqui, M.F. (2010). Cadmium induced renal toxicity in male rats, Rattus rattus. East. J. of Med. 15: 93-96
[3] Foulkes, E.C. and Blanck, S. (1990). Acute cadmium uptake by rabbit kidneys: Mechanism and effects. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.
102: 464-473.
[4] Trian, E.K. and Trian, A. (1995). Age dependency of selenium and cadmium content in human liver, kidney and thyroid. Arch.
Environ. Health. 50: 242-246.
[5] Habbeebu, S.S., Liu, J. and Klaassen, C.D. (1998). Cadmium-induced apoptosis in mouse liver. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
149(2):203-209.
[6] Kido, T., Nogawa, K., Ishizaki, M., Honda, R., Tsuritani, I. and Yamada, Y. (1990). Long-term observation of serum creatinine and
arterial blood pH in persons with cadmium-induced renal dysfunction. Arch. Environ. Health. 5: 35-41.
[7] Aoyagi, T., Hayakawa, K., Miyaji, K., Ishikawa, H. and Hata, M. (2003). Cadmium nephrotoxicity and evacuation from the body in
a rat modeled subchronic intoxication. Int. J. Urol. 10: 332-338.
[8] Paul, A. and Raychaudhuri, S.S. (2010). Medicinal uses and molecular identification of two Momordica charantia varieties- A
review. Electronic Journal of Biology. 6(2): 43-51.
[9] Bakare, R.I., Magbagbeola, O. A., Akinwande, A. I. and Okunowo O. W. (2010). Nutritional and chemical evaluation of
Momordica charantia. Journal of Medicnal Plant Research. 4(21): 2189-2193.
[10] Kumar, K.P.S. and Bhowmik, D. (2010). Traditional medicinal uses and therapeutic benefits of Momordica charantia Linn. Int J
Pharm sci Review & Research 4(3): 23-28.