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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Methanol Leaves Extract of Ocimum Gratissimum in Mice and Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Tanko, Y. \|\| Yaro, A.H. \|\| Mohammed K.A \|\| Mohammed, A.
	:	10.9790/3008-0450105

AbstractThe methanol leaves extract of Ocimum gratissimum was investigated for possible anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats. Acetic acid- induced writhing (in mice) and formalin tests (in rats) were used to study the extract effects on nociception and inflammation. The extract caused a significant decrease (P< 0.05), which was not dose dependent inhibition on acetic acid-induced writhing and the neurogenic pain induced by formalin. The extract at the doses (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) tested showed 75, 66 and 75 % inhibition of abdominal constriction in mice respectively. The highest activity resides more at the lowest dose of 50mg/kg on the acetic acid induced abdominal constrictions. The intraperitoneal LD50 value of the extract was found to be 1264.9mg/kg body weight in mice. Preliminary phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins and flavonoids. The results suggest the extract contains pharmacologically active principles, and are in agreement with the local application of the plant in painful and inflammatory conditions.
Key words:Ocimum gratissimum, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory.methanol

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	To Study Antibacterial Activity of Allium Sativum, Zingiber Officinale and Allium Cepa by Kirby-Bauer Method
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mahmood Khan Yousufi
	:	10.9790/3008-0450608

Abstract :Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale and Allium cepa are often used in different systems of medicines like ayurveda and Unani. All these three plants contain chemicals which can inhibit the growth of microbes. These chemicals actually bear properties which make them suitable to be utilized in different medicines. In the present investigation, the effectiveness of chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts of A. sativum, Z. officinale and A. cepa was detected against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella spp. along with a comparison with an antibiotic, streptomycin. The method adopted in the present study was the Kirby-Bauer method. The maximum antimicrobial activity was exhibited by chloroform extract of A. sativum i.e.24mm against E.coli whereas the minimum antimicrobial activity was exhibited by aqueous extract of A. cepa 05mm against Enterococcus faecalis.
Keyword: Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Allium cepa, Antibacterial activity, Kirby- Bauer.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Synthesis and Characterization of New Thio-Triazole Ligand and Complexes with Selected Metals
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Ahmed Majeed and Khalid W.Y.Zain Alabdeen
	:	10.9790/3008-0450914

Abstract :The new ligand, thiocarboxyphenyl-4-allyl-5-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole (L) was prepared and characterized by micro elemental analysis (CHN) and Infrared spectroscopy. Selected metals, which were Fe(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), Hg(II) and Au(III) where reacted with (L) to produce new complexes. These complexes were identified through micro elemental analysis, Infrared and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and other techniques. Depending on the data obtained, chemical formula and geometry of complexes were suggested. Biological activity of the complexes against selected types of microorganisms was also examined.
Keyword: 1,2,4- triazole, thioamide ligands, chelating ligands, metal complexes.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Influence of Magnesium Addition on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al-Cu-Mg Alloy
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Sani A Salihu, Aliyu Isah, Polycarp Evarastics
	:	10.9790/3008-0451520

Abstract :The influence of Mg addition on mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-Cu-Mg alloy was investigated. Cast Al – Cu- Mg alloys have widely been used in aircraft, aerospace, industrial and architectural applications for their good mechanical properties, high strength-to-weight ratio. An intensive study of these cast aluminium family has been found in many literature as a source for enhancing the mechanical properties and microstructure of aluminium alloys. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effect of magnesium on mechanical properties and microstructural changes of Al4Cu alloys. The modifications of Al4Cu by adding Mg of 0.5 to 2.5 % in the interval of 0.5% mixing with stirrer and casted by gravity die casting, subsequently the specimens were subjected T6 type heat treatment for 6 hr at 1800C. The effect of Mg and ageing on microstructure was studied by using optical microscope. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness were studied using universal tensile testing machine and Brinell hardness tester respectively. It was observed that the tensile strength and hardness increased with increase of percentage of Mg. The addition of 2.5% Mg increases the tensile strength by 69.9% while hardness increased by 22%. Samples that were aged showed that with addition of 1% of Mg had effect on grain refinement and mechanical properties of the alloy because of smaller grain size.
Keyword:Al-Cu-Mg alloy, Grain size, Hardness, Tensile strength, microstructure.

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[8] William D. Callister, Jr.,(2000): Materials Science and Engineering an Introduction, 6th Edition. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Chap. 10-11.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Avoid Junk Food and Start Cycling To School: An Easy Way to Manage Adolescent Obesity
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Mohan Joshi, Raghvendra Gumashta, N.B. Kasturwar, Amit Deshpande
	:	10.9790/3008-0452127

Abstract :In a cross sectional study carried among 410 mid adolescent school children, about 20.5% of students were either obese or overweight. Due to their pre-occupation with either studies or tuition, majority (75.4%) of students had sports activity less than 1 hour daily. Children in nuclear families had higher risk for overweight (18.7%) as compared to joint families (11.1%) (x2=9.29 NS). Among adolescents, 1.7% of male children and 48% of female children had waist hip ratio above the normal level. The junk food consumption was universal (96%) due to its easy availability near school premises. The enjoyment of eating effects of advertisements, their delicious taste and peer pressure were the reasons for their high consumption. The daily calorie consumption with mean calorie intake was 2255+203 kcal and 227 (53.37%) had excess calorie consumption. Amongst the obese subjects, 84.6% were travelling either by bus or parental automobile, while 15.3% were either walking or cycling to school and association of obesity with the mode of conveyance was highly significant (x2=230.33). The simple measure of cycling to school and avoiding junk food consumption could help in control of this modern epidemic of adolescent obesity.
Keyword:childhood obesity; daily calorie consumption; junk food consumption; waist hip ratio.

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[10] Singh P, Singh A. Increasing allurement for fast food in adolescent girls of urban area, Varanasi. Indian journal of preventive and
social medicine. 2008 ; 39(1-2): 24-27.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	A Comparision of the Effects of Aloe Barbadensis and Allium Sativum Extracts on Paracetamol – Induced Hepatotoxicity In Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	L. N.; Ebenyi, U. A.; Ibiam, R. O.; Inya Agha , M. E.; Ogbanshi* , C.A.; Uhuo
	:	10.9790/3008-0452831

Abstract :A Comparison of the influence of ethanol extracts of Aloe barbadensis and Allium sativum on paracetamol- induced hepatotoxicity were studied invivo using rat model. A total of 32 rats were used for the study using extracts biochemical analysis. The rats were grouped into four with four rats in each group. Group A was the control, Group B received paracetamol over dose (500mg / kg / ml) without extracts and Group C received paracetamol over dose plus extract of Allium sativum at three different concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 ug//body weight. Group D also received paracetamol over dose plus extract of A. barbadensis at three different concentrations of 200, 400 and 800 ug/ body weight. The invivo studies, showed significant changes in biochemical parameters such as liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) and Heamatological parameters (Total protein, albumin and Bilirubin).However, administration of the ethanol extracts caused a significant reversal (p< 0.05) of these effects in a concentration dependent manner. This work has demonstrated the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol and hepatoprotective effects of extracts of A. barbadensis and A. sativum . Keywords: Paracetamol, Hepatotoxicity, Aloe barbadensis and Allium sativum extracts.

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of food science and Nutrition, 72 (3): 211 - 230.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An open labeled study to evaluate safety and efficacy of Unicough syrup in children with acute bronchitis
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Sagar Ambekar, Dr. Sarang Deshpande, Patni Showkat, Suhail Asghar, Dr. Shailesh Malekar
	:	10.9790/3008-0453235

Abstract :Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the main air passage to the lungs generally follows a viral respiratory infection. Children generally suffer from acute bronchitis at any stage. Fumes, dusts, decreased immunity, indigestion, viral infections are some causes due to which air passage get inflamed and irritated. Acute bronchitis is a clinical syndrome produced by inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles. In children, acute bronchitis usually occurs in association with viral respiratory tract infection. Acute bronchitis is rarely a primary bacterial infection in otherwise healthy children.
Keyword: Acute bronchitis, antihistaminic, rejuvenating, inflammation, expectorants.

[1] Edward Ringel, The Little Black Book of Pulmonary Medicine; 2009, 239.

[2] Savitri Ramaiah, All You Wanted To Know About Chronic Bronchitis; 2000, 6.

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[8] Gonzales R, Steiner J F, Sande MA. Antibiotics prescribing for adults with colds, upper respiratory tract infections, and bronchitis by ambulatory care physicians. JAMA 1997;(11):901-4.

[9] Phyllis Carolyn Leppert, Jeffrey F. Peipert Primary Care for Women; 2004; 378

[10] Graf PM. Rhinitis medicamentosa. Clin Allergy Immunol 2007;19:295-304..

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Preliminary Investigations of the Cause of Post-harvest Fungal Rot of Tomato.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Ukeh, Jude A, Chiejina, Nneka V.
	:	10.9790/3008-0453639

Abstract :Diseased tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) fruits (variety Roma) obtained from a local market in Nsukka were investigated for the cause of rot found in them. Isolations were made from the diseased fruits and diseased tissues were plated in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) plates. Pure cultures were obtained by several aseptic transfers of colony growth from the PDA plates to clean PDA plates. Identifications of isolated fungal pathogens were made based on cultural characteristics and microscopic examinations of the cultures. The following pathogens were identified; Helminthosporium solani, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum and Mucor piriformis. A .niger had the highest percentage frequency of occurrence followed by M. piriformis, and the former was the most virulent. Work is in progress for the use of extracts of Aframomum melegueta and Zingiber officinale as antifungal agents for the control of the pathogens.
Keyword: Tomato, Post harvest, Rot, Pathogens.

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[4] Barnett, H.L. and Hunter, B.B. (1999). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, (4th edition). The American Phytopathological
Society . St. Paul, Minnessota,USA, 218pp.
[5] Chiejina, N.V. (2008). Mycoflora of some salad vegetables. Bio-Research.6(2):392-395.
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535pp.
[9] Kurup, V.P. (2003). Fungal Allergens. Curr. Allergy Asthma Rep 3:416-423.
[10] Liu, M.S. and Ma, P.C. (1983). Post-harvest problems of vegetables and fruits in the

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Biotoxicity assay of Escherichia coli against Tribolium castaneum
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Kausar Malik, Sana Pervaiz, Mir Muhammad Ali Talpur, Amjad Farooq and Farkhanda Jabeen
	:	10.9790/3008-0454046

Abstract :Pathogenic Escherichia coli is found in the contaminated raw meat, raw milk, raw vegetables, contaminated water. Contamination is common in Pakistan due to un hygienic condition. The present work was based on the entomopathogenic effect of E.coli against stored grain pest Tribolium castaneum. The Bioassay was applied in two groups e.g. Control group and Experimental group. The pellet of grown culture of E.coli sample was mixed in the diet of Tribolium castaneum. The effect of E.coli was observed against 2nd Instar larvae of Tribolium castaneum upto three days and seven days. The mortality rate in both control group and Experimental group was approximately ≤ 10%. The results had shown that E.coli did not have any effect against Tribolium castaneum.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, Biotoxicity, assay, Tribolium castaneum.

[1] O., Clermont, S. Bonacorsi and E. Bingen, Rapid and simple determination of the Escherichia coli Phylogenetic group. Appl.
Environ. Mirobiol. 66(10), 2000, 4555-4558.
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[4] Hatch and M. Duane, Biotinylated Bi- and Tetra-antennary Glycoconjugates for Escherichia coli Detection. Chem Bio Chem. 9,
2008, 2433–2442.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Impact of BAP and different auxins on Invitro shoot proliferation of Rheum emodi Wall.
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Shugufta ,Parveen.,Azra N.Kamili and A.M.Shah
	:	10.9790/3008-0454752

Abstract :Invitro raised shoots of R. emodi were cultured on MS nutrient medium to assess the influence of different concentrations of BAP (2.5-15μM) separately, and also its combination with different auxins i.e. NAA/2,4-D/IAA/IBA. Out of all the trials tested the best response for shoot proliferation was observed on BAP supplemented with IBA. Each isolated shoot was then sub cultured for rooting under the influence different concentrations of IAA(2.5-15 μM) .The best rooting response was observed at 12.5 μM of IAA. The plantlets were transferred to pots containing autoclaved potting mixture of sand: peat: soil: vermiculite in the ratio of 1:1:1:1 and were finally acclimatized and hardened to green house where about 80% of plantlets survived.
Keyword: Rheum, Invitro, BAP , MS, IAA

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[9]. Haslam E, 1982. The metabolism of gallic acid and hexahydro-xydiphenic acid in higher plants, 1-16: In Progress in Chem of
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[10]. Shah C S and Qadry J S, 1991.A Test Book of Pharmacognosy, Baba Lal&Somchand Shah, Ahmedabad, 88-89.

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