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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Studies on Fungi Associated With Post Harvest Spoilage of Pawpaw Carica PAPAYA Fruit
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Awoite TM, Olorunfemi MF, Ajani AO, Oyelakin MO
	:	10.9790/3008-0460104

Abstract: A study was carried out to find out fungi associated with the spoilage of pawpaw fruits during their post harvest period. A total of fifteeen strains of fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger,Aspergillus flavus,Penicillium italicum,Rhizophus stolonifer and Neurospora sitophila.Pathogenicity test of each fungal isolate showed that all fungi were capable of causing rottening of the fruit and most severe rottening was caused by Rhizopus stolonifer while Aspergillus flavus produced the least rottening of the fruit.It was found that there was increase in acidity of the fruits as spoilage progressed while water content increased from 61.5% to 85.5% which account for the increase in the softness of the fruit during spoilage while the increase in acidity gave the fruits an acidic taste which is often bitter.
Key words: Carica papaya, fungi, pathogenicity, post harvest, spoilage

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Histological Alteration Induced by Manganese chloride in the Male Testes, Epididymis and Kidney of the Albino Rats
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Nuha, Y. AL-Harbi
	:	10.9790/3008-0460508

Abstract :In Iraq. the municipalities are responsible for the production and delivery of drinking water (DW) .The quality of DW in Iraq is greatly deteriorated because of the war operation in this country Objective to study the effects of manganese chloride on histological testes, epididymis and kidney of rats and explore the dose –effects and time effects .The rats are randomly divided into six treatment groups with manganese chloride (60,80,100 ppm) and 2 control groups with N.S. After two different periods (3 and 6 mn.) oral administration Mncl2 by drinking water (60, 80,100 ppm) to investigate testicular and epididymis histological alterations of manganese chloride caused interstitial and tubular histological alterations that include atrophy of seminiferous tubules ,autolysis and granulolysis of epididymis.
Keyword: Histological alteration, Liver, Manganese chloride, Rat, Reproductive system

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Pesticidal activity of Pakistani Bacillus thuringiensis isolates against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and Earias vittella (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Kausar Malik, Farkhanda Jabeen, Mir Muhammad Ali Talpur, Shagufta Andleeb, Amjad Farooq
	:	10.9790/3008-0460912

Abstract :A large number of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates separated from different ecological regions of Pakistan were analysed for pesticidal activity against two lepidopteran cotton insect pests, American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera and spotted bollworm (Earias vittella). The biological activity of local B.t. isolates demonstrated a wide range of LC50 values against both target pests. The most potent isolates HW 4.4 and INS2.25 against Helicoverpa armigera showed LC50 value of 9ng/mg of artificial diet. The Lc50 value of 2ng/mg of artificial diet was exhibited by local B.t. isolates HFZ 11.3, MR 19.1 and MG 2.6 against Earias vittella.
Keyword: Pakistani, Bacillus thuringiensis, Earias vittella, Helicoverpa armigera, Isolate, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae,

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thuringiensis insecticidal activity by serine protease inhibitors. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 38, 1990, 1145–1152.
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Uranotaenia unguiculta, Culex univittatus, Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens. Mosq. News. 37, 355-358.
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Environ Microbiol 67, 2001, 5032-5036.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Efficacy of Aframomum melegueta and Zingiber officinale extracts on fungal pathogens of tomato fruit.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Chiejina, Nneka V. And Ukeh, Jude A
	:	10.9790/3008-0461316

Abstract :The inhibitory properties of the methanolic extracts of Aframomum melegueta and Zingiber officinale on the fungal pathogens isolated from tomato were investigated. The pathogens were Helminthosporium solani, Mucor piriformis, Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger. Various concentrations of the extracts ranging from 0-30% were separately added to PDA media. The pathogens were separately inoculated into the media and incubated for eight days. Antifungal effects of these extracts on the mycelial growth of the pathogens were significant at P< 0.05 for all treatments. At 25% concentration, the four pathogens were completely inhibited by Z. officinale extract. A. melegueta extract inhibited completely Helminthosporium solani and Mucor piriformis, while Penicillium digitatum and Aspergillus niger were 92.99% and 89.09% inhibited respectively at 25% concentration of the extract. The in vitro inhibitory effects of these extracts indicated that they can be used for the control of tomato fruit rot. It may be necessary to use them in prolonging the shelf-life of fresh tomato fruit and some other fruits.
Keyword: Efficacy, Extract, Tomato fruit, Aframomum melegueta, Zingiber offficinale, in vitro.

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melegueta and Zingiber officinale on fungal diseases of tomato fruit. Journal of Natural Sciences Research 2(6):10-15.
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ginger. Scientia Africana, 9(2): 42-50.
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77, 128–146.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Cytogeneticeffectsoftoworganicinsecticidesonmitotic Chromosomes of Alliumsativumroot Tip Cells
Country	:	Saudi Arabia
Authors	:	Mona S. Al-Ahmadi
	:	10.9790/3008-0461722

Abstract :In this study, twoorganicinsecticideswere analyzed,namely,Baicao No.2 which is an insecticide extracted from plants and used for Whitefly, Aphid, and Thrips, and Baicaon No.3used for moth. Three different concentrations of both organicinsecticides were examined (0.25ml/l,0.5ml/l, and 1ml/ liter) for different periodsof time (8, 16,and 24 hours) for their cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on cell division (mitotic index) and chromosomes aberration (aberration frequency) on cells of root-tip of Allium sativum .

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Nitrosoguanidine Mutagenesis and Genome Shuffling Enhanced the Oxytetracycline Production of Streptomyces rimosus
Country	:	China
Authors	:	Zhitang Lu, Dawei Zhang, Zhi Liu, Ye Li
	:	10.9790/3008-0462327

Abstract :This research is aimed to improve the oxytetracycline production from Streptomyces rimosus. Five relatively high oxytetracycline yielding strains were obtained by nitrosoguanidine mutation of the protoplast of initial oxytetracycline producing strain Streptomyces rimosus JH and then subjected to genome shuffling as parental strains. The protoplasts of the five parental strains were prepared and inactivated before fusion, after recursive protoplast fusion of six rounds, the oxytetracycline production of all recombinants in shaking-flask fermentation was analyzed by ultraviolet spectrophotometer method comparing with the initial strain IH. The result indicated the yield of oxytetracycline was enhanced. The highest production of recombinant 26173 was about 186% higher than that of the highest-production parent strain and 339.8% higher of the initial strain. In result, genome shuffling is a good technique to rapidly improve oxytetracycline production in Streptomyces rimosus.
Keyword: Oxytetracycline, Genome shuffling, Streptomyces rimosus, nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis

[1] K. J. McDowall, A Thamchaipenet and IS. Hunter. Phosphate Control of Oxytetracycline Production by Streptomyces rimosus Is at the Level of Transcription from Promoters Overlapped by Tandem Repeats Similar to Those of the DNA-Binding Sites of the OmpR
Family, J. Bacteriol. 181(10), 1999, 3025-3032.
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100-105.
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1,3-Propanediol Production, Environ. Microbiol, 75(24), 2009, 7610-7616.
[6] Y. X. Zhang, K. Perry, VA. vincl, K. Powell, Genome shuffling leads to rapid phenotypic improvement in bacteria, nature, 415(7),
2002, 644-646.
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Applied And Environment Microbiology, 44(5), 1982, 1178-1186.
[8] ZH. Jin, B. Xu, SZ. Lin, QC. Jin, PL. Cen, Enhanced Production of Spinosad in Saccharopolyspora spinosa by Genome Shuffling,
Biochemical Biotechnology, 159, 2009, 655–663.
[9] H. Hida, T. Yamada, Y. Yamada, Genome shuffling of Streptomyces sp. U121 for improved production of hydroxycitric acid, Appl
Microbiol Biotechnol, 73, 2007, 1387-1393.
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Streptomyces rimosus,World Journal of Microbiology＆Biotechnology, 17, 2001, 403-410.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects of Soya Bean Oil and Vitamin C on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Biomarkers Ethanol -Induced Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Mallo M.J, Mabrouk, M.A., Tanko Y., and Mshelia P.P
	:	10.9790/3008-0462831

Abstract :The aim of this experiment is to investigate the effects of Soya bean oil and vitamin C on Ethanol - induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats was evaluated. Oxidative stress was induced by oral administration of 20% ethanol 5mL/kg bw. The treatment lasted for 28 days, at the end of the treatment, the rats were fasted overnight and blood samples were collected directly from the heart via cardiac puncture into EDTA sample bottles and the plasma concentration of SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA was determined. The result revealed that Ethanol significantly (p<0.05) increase the serum levels of SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA which are biomarkers of oxidative stress. However, treatment with soya bean oil and vitamin C significantly (p<0.05) decrease serum SOD, CAT, GPx and MDA levels. This study indicates the protective effect of vitamin C and soya bean oil against ethanol-induced oxidative stress.
Keyword: Ethanol, Oxidative Stress, Soya Bean Oil, Vitamin C, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidants

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Length–length and length-weight relationships of critically endangered striped cat fish Rita rita (Hamilton) from the Padda River near Rajshahi of Northwestern Bangladesh
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Syeda Mushahida-Al-Noor
	:	10.9790/3008-0463236

Abstract :The present study describes the length–length (LLR) relationships for critically endangered catfish Rita rita (Hamilton, 1822) from the Ganges River, northwestern Bangladesh. A total of 379 specimens used for this study were caught by traditional fishing gear from January to December 2011. Total length (TL), standard length (SL), fork length (FL), snout length (SnL), head length (HL), pre-dorsal length (PrDL), post-dorsal length (PoDL), Anal length (AnaL) and Anus length (AnsL) were measured and relationships were calculated by linear regressions. Parameters a and b of the weight-length relationship were estimated by least squares regression analysis. Most LLRs relationships were highly significant with 'r2' values greater than 0.845. Exceptions were found incase of TL-HL relationship of female(r2=0.756); TL-SnL relationships of male(r2=0.701) and combined sexes(r2=0.656), TL-PrDL relationship for combined sexes(r2=0.692) and TLAnsL relationship for female(r2=0.722) and combined sexes(r2=0.695). TL-BW relationships were highly significant with 'r2' values greater than 0.845 for male, female and combined sexes. The calculated allometric coefficient ranged from 0.914 to 1.159(b<3), so the fish showed negative allometric pattern of growth. To the best knowledge of the authors, this study presented the first reference on LLRs for these species from Bangladeshi waters.
Keyword: Ritha, Padma river, riverine catfish, LLRs, LWRs and morphometric characteristics

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Clinical Specimens
Country	:	Bangladesh
Authors	:	Salah Uddin Khan, Mahmood Ahmed Chowdhury, Md. Abdul Hakim
	:	10.9790/3008-0463740

Abstract :Methicillin Resistant S. aureus both poses serious threat to human health since the mortality and morbidity rate due to S. aureus infection is significant. In the present study, a total of 37 S. aureus strains isolated from 1078 clinical were tested against various antibiotics. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolated S. aureus was carried out using disk diffusion method. The MIC and MBC of different antibiotics were determined by tube dilution assay and disk diffusion technique. The maximum prescribed antibiotic groups were cephalosporins and penicillins. The most resistant group was penicillin followed by aminoglycoside, cephalosporins and quinolones. The order of resistance of S. aureus against various of antibiotics was ampicillin (92.10%), cloxacillin (61.29%)cefradine (60%), ciprofloxacin (59.35%), gentamicin (58.06%). There was no resistant isolate against vancomycin; however four isolates (10.52%) had shown intermediate sensitivity. MIC and MBC of five major groups of antibiotics namely, penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, quinolones and vancomycin were also determined. In-vitro study of MBC of the five groups of antibiotics showed 2 to 3 fold two-fold dilution higher value than in MIC of each group of antibiotic. Only MBC of vancomycin was in the range of 1 to 2 two-fold dilutions higher than their MICs.
Keyword: Antibiotic resistance, MRSA, MIC, MBC, Staphylococcus aureus

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organisms isolated from skin and soft tissue infection in Latin American hospitals: results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance
program, 1997-1998. Int. J. Infect. Dis., 2000; 4: 7-84.
[10] S. Raquel, I. Sanches, and D. Dias. Detection of an Archaic Clone of Staphylococcus aureus with Low-Level Resistance to
Methicillin in a Pediatric Hospital in Portugal and in International Samples: Relics of a Formerly Widely Disseminated Strain.
Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 1999; 37 (6): 1913-1920.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The Effects of anti-Glucosyltransferase (anti-GTF-Ib) antibody on Growth of Mutans Streptococci Streptococcus sobrinus (serotype G) N10 Strain and Purified GTF-Ib enzyme activity
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Essam F. A. Al-Jumaily, Nada H. A. Al-Mudallal, Nidhal A.A. Muhimen, Abd Al-wahid Al-Shaibany3.
	:	10.9790/3008-0464144

Abstract :In this study the effect of different concentrations of anti-GTFIb antibody was tested on the growth of Streptococcus sobrinus serotype G N10 strain and the enzymatic activity of purified GTF-Ib enzyme which was isolated from the Streptococcus sobrinus serotype G N10 strain. It was found that different concentrations of these compounds and the anti- GTF-Ib antibody were able to inhibit the enzymatic activity of the purified GTF-Ib with an exception of EDTA. The result was proved that anti- GTF- Ib antibody at concentration of (1.5x103 ml/ mol) has a great influence to inhibit (87.33%) of the enzymatic activity of the purified GTF Ib enzyme followed by sodium fluoride (18ml M), chlorohexidine (20ml M) and ZAK mouthrins which were able to inhibit (81.64%), (75.55%) and (60.40%) respectively from the enzymatic activity of purified GTF- Ib enzyme.
Keyword: Streptococcus sobrinus, Glucosyltransferase (GTF), Anti-GTFIb

[1] Russell, R. R. B. (2000). Pathogenesis of oral streptococci. In: Gram-positive pathogens. Fischetti VA, Novick RP, Ferretti JJ,
Portnoy DA, Rood JI, eds. ASM Press: Washington, DC; pp. 272-279.
[2] Monchois, V.; Willemot, R. M. and Monsan, P. (1999). Glucansucrases: mechanism of action and structure-function relationships.
FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 23: 131-151.
[3] Al-Jumaily,E.F.A.; Al-Mudallal, N.H.A.; Muhimen,N.A.A. and Al-Shaibany, A.A. (2009). Eavluation of matans streptococci local
strains for production of glucosyltransferase enzyme. The 2 nd Kurdistan Conference on Biological Sciences. J. Duhok Univ.
Vol.12 No.1 (Special Issue)Pp. 44-48.
[4] Bowen, W.H and Koo, H. (2011). Biology of Streptococcus mutans-derived glucosyltransferases: role in extracellular matrix
formation of cariogenic biofilms. Caries Res. 45(1):69-86. Epub .
[5] Jespersagaard, C.; Hajishengallis, G.; Hung, Y. and Michalek, S. (2000). Protective immunity against Streptococcus mutans
infection in mice after intranasal immunization with glucan-binding region of Streptococcus mutans. Infe. Immun. 67(12): 6543-9.
[6] Al-Mudallal N. H. A (2006). Characterization of Glucosyltransferase of Mutans Streptococci Streptococcus sobrinus (Serotype G)
(Functional and Immunological Assessment). Ph.D thesis, Biotechnology Department, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University.
[7] Al-Mudallal N. H. A. ;. Al-Jumaily E. F. A ;.Al.- Muhimen N. A. and Abd Al-wahid Al-Shaibany (2008). Isolation And
Identification of Mutans streptococci Bacteria From Human Dental Plaque.Journal of .Al-Nahrain Univ.Science. 11(3):98-105.
[8] Al-Mudallal N. H. A. ; Al-Jumaily E. F. A ;.Al.- Muhimen N. A. and Abd Al-wahid Al-Shaibany (2011). Isolation and
Purification of Glucosyltransferase from mutans streptococci Streptococcus sobrinus serotype G local isolate. Iraqi Journal of
Medical Science.7:5-10.
[9] 9. Wunder, D. E. and Bowen, W. H. (2000). Effects of antibodies to glucosyltransferase on soluble and insolubilized enzymes.
Oral Diseases. 6: 289-296.
[10] Evans, R. T. and Genco, R. J. (1973). Inhibition of glucosyltransferase activity by antisera to known serotypes of Streptococcus
mutans. Infect. Immun. 7(2): 237-241

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect Of Aqueous Extract of Cola Nitida (Kola Nut) On Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oyedeji K.O. Bolarinwa A.F, Alamu Y.S.
	:	10.9790/3008-0464548

Abstract : Cola nitida (Kola nut) is a caffeine-containing nut native to tropical North African and cultivated extensively in the new world tropics. Several studies have reported its effects on body weight and reduction in body fat without undesirable side effect as well as on gastric secretion, but there is a dearth of information on its effect on blood chemistry. This study was designed to investigate the effect of its aqueous extract on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in male albino rats.
Keyword: Cola nitida, Albino rats, Red blood cell, Total protein, Albumin.

[1] Adedapo AA, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo OO (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and biochemical
parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[2] Adewusi EA, Afolayan AJ (2009): Safety evaluation of the extract from the roots of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis in male wistar
rats. Afr. J. Pharm and Pharmacology, vol. 3(8): pp. 368 – 373.
[3] Ajarem JS (1990): Effect of fresh kola-nut extract (Cola nitida) on the locomotor activities of male mice. Acta Physiol. Pharmacol.
Bulg. (16) pp 10 – 15.
[4] Biu AA, Yusufu SD, Rabo JS (2009): Studies on the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica) on
haematological parameters in chicken. African scientist Vol. 10 No 4 pp 189 – 192.
[5] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[6] Doumas BT, Watson W, Biggs HC (1971): Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green.
Clinica Chimica Acta 31, 87-96.
[7] Duncan JR, Praise KW, Mahaffey EA (1994): Veterinary Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) 3rd ed. Iowa State University
Press, U.S.A.
[8] Hatasaka H, Goldstain M (2001): Kola nut as a symbol and its effect on the central nervous system. J. sep. 25: 257 (5): 2133 – 2136.
[9] Jain NC (1986): Schalm's Veterinary Haematology 4th ed. Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia.
[10] Mitruka BM, Rawnsley H (1977): Clinical, biochemical and haematological references values in normal experimental animals.
Masson Publishing USA Inc. Pp. 53-54.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Aspirin on Reproductive Functions in Male Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oyedeji K.O,. Bolarinwa A.F, Adigun A.K.
	:	10.9790/3008-0464954

Abstract :Aspirin is an organic acid (Acetyl chloride and sodium salicylate), used anciently as an anticlotting agent that reduces the risk of clotting diseases, but there is a dearth of information on its effects on androgenic studies histology of the testes, kidneys and livers and reproductions. This study was designed to investigate the effects of aspirin on reproductive parameters and histopathological changes in male albino rats.
Keyword: Aspirin, Albino rats, Testosterone, Sperm count.

[1] Baldessarini RJ (1980): In drugs and the treatment of psychiatriod disorders. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics Ed. By
Goodman and Gilman. Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc. pp. 301-417.
[2] Bloom W, Fawcett DW (1975): Male reproductive system. In the textbook of Histology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[3] Bowman WC, Rand MJ (1985): The reproductive system and drugs affecting the reproductive systems. Textbook of pharmacology,
2nd edition, 20:1-8.
[4] Christensen AC (1975): Leydig cell: In: Handbook of Physiology, edited by P.O. Greep and E.B. Astwoods. Washington D C
American Physiological Society.
[5] Das UK, De D, Chatterjee K, Mallick C, Bera TK, Ghosh D (2009): Antigonadal effect induced by hydro-methanolic extract of leaf
of Aelgle mermelos in male rat: Effect of hCG co-administration. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(10), Pp728 – 735.
[6] Gaciong Z (2003): The real dimension of analgesic activity of aspirin. Thrombosis Research 110(5-6): 361 – 4
[7] Gonzales C, Rubio J, Gasco M, Nieto J, Sandra Y, Gonzales GF (2006): Effect of short -term and long-term treatments with three
ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on spermatogenesis in rats. Journal of Ethnnopharmacol. (103), 448 – 454.
[8] Krishnamoorthy P, Viathinathan S, Rani V, Bhuvaneswari A (2007): Effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on lipid
peroxidation and antioxidative system of testis of albino rats. African Jouranl of Biotechnology, Vol. 6 (16), Pp 1888 – 1891.
[9] Laing JA (1979): Fertility and infertility in domestic animals. 3rd edition 1979 Bailliere Tindall, a division of Cassell Lt.
[10] Lewis HD, Davis JW, Archibald DG, steinkes WF, Smitherman TC, Doherty JE (1983): Protective effect of aspirin against acute
myocardial and death in men with unstable angina. New England Journal of Medicine 309 (7): 396 – 403.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects Of Some Alcoholic Beverages on Haematological and Plasma Biochemical Parameters in Male Albino Rats.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oyedeji K.O., Bolarinwa A.F, Owaduge D.O.
	:	10.9790/3008-0465558

Abstract :The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of some alcoholic beverages (Gulder, Guiness, Chelsea, Rose-Daniel and Bacchus) on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Treatment of rats for 42 days with all the alcoholic beverages (except Gulder and Rose- Daniel) caused significant (p<0.05) increase in MCH value, while treatment of rats with Guiness caused significant (p<0.05) decrease and increase in the neutrophil and lymphocyte values respectively relative to their controls. Treatment of rats with all the alcoholic beverages caused no significant (p>0.05) changes in platelet, total WBC and RBC counts and some indices relating to it (Hb, PCV, MCV and MCHC) relative to their controls. Treatment of rats with all the alcoholic beverage caused significant (p<0.05) increase in total protein level relative to the control. Treatment of rats with all the alcoholic beverages (except Rose-Daniel) caused significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of AST relative to the control, while treatment of rats with all the alcoholic beverages (except Bacchus and Rose-Daniel) caused significant (p<0.05) increase in the activity of ALT relative to the control. These findings indicate that alcoholic beverages could have some deleterious effects on the blood chemistry of male albino rats.
Keyword: Alcoholic beverages, Albino rats, Red blood count, Total white blood count

[1] Adedapo AA, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo OO (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and biochemical
parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[2] Adewusi EA, Afolayan AJ (2009): Safety evaluation of the extract from the roots of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis in male wistar
rats. Afr. J. Pharm and Pharmacology, vol. 3(8): pp. 368 – 373.
[3] Biu AA, Yusufu SD, Rabo JS (2009): Studies on the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Neem Azadirachta indica on haematological
parameters in chicken. African scientist Vol. 10 No 4 pp 189 – 192.
[4] Carlsson S et al (2003): Alcohol consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetis: a 20-year follow–up of the Finish Twin Cohort
Study. Diabetis care 26(10): 2785 – 2786.
[5] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[6] De Wood MA, Spores J, Mouser LT, Burroughs R, Golden MS, Lang HT (1980): Prevalence of total coronary occlusion during the
early hours of transmural myocardial infarction. N.Engl. J. Med. 303: 897 – 902.
[7] Dees WL, Dissen GA, Hiney JK (2000): Alcohol ingestion inhibits the increased secretion of puberty-related hormones in the
developing female Rhesus monkey. Endocrinology 141: 1325 – 1331.
[8] Doumas BT, Watson W, Biggs HC (1971): Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green.
Clinica Chimica Acta 31, 87-96.
[9] Duncan JR, Praise KW, Mahaffey EA (1994): Veterinary Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) 3rd ed. Iowa State University
Press, U.S.A.
[10] Froehlich JC (1993): Interactions between alcohol and the endogenous opoid system. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and
Alcoholism Research Monograph No 23. NIH Pub. No. 93 – 3533. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health, pp. 21 – 35.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Palm Wine on Reproductive Functions in Male Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oyedeji K.O., Bolarinwa A.F, Hamzat M.A.
	:	10.9790/3008-0465964

Abstract :Palm wine is the sap of a monocarpic crop, Rafia rafia, which is widely grown along the coast of West and Central Africa. Several studies have been reported on the effects of palm wine on fetal cerebral cortex, but due to scanty information on its effects on androgenical studies, reproduction. These studies were designed to investigate the effects of palm wine on testosterone levels and reproductive parameters in Wistar albino rats. Fresh 50% diluted palm wine was administered orally for 30 days for reproductive studies at the dose of 10 mL/kg BW. Distilled water (0.5 mL) served as control. Testosterone level was assayed using ELISA, semen analysis were done microscopically. Histological analysis of the testis, kidney and liver were also done. Data were analysed using Students' t-test at p< 0.05.
Keyword: Palm wine, Testosterone, Albino rats, Sperm count.

[1] Baldessarini RJ (1980): In drugs and the treatment of psychiatriod disorders. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics Ed. By
Goodman and Gilman. Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc. pp. 301-417.
[2] Bloom W, Fawcett DW (1975): Male reproductive system. In the textbook of Histology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[3] Bowman WC, Rand MJ (1985): The reproductive system and drugs affecting the reproductive systems. Textbook of pharmacology,
2nd edition, 20:1-8.
[4] Christensen AC (1975): Leydig cell: In: Handbook of Physiology, edited by P.O. Greep and E.B. Astwoods. Washington D C
American Physiological Society.
[5] Das UK, De D, Chatterjee K, Mallick C, Bera TK, Ghosh D (2009): Antigonadal effect induced by hydro-methanolic extract of leaf
of Aelgle mermelos in male rat: Effect of hCG co-administration. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(10), Pp728 – 735.
[6] Eluwa MA, Agarrey LE, Ekanem TB, Amabe OA, Agnes OE, Ekong MB (2010): Comparative study of teratogenic effects of
brewed beer and palm wine on fetal femur bone of albino Wistar rats. Int. J. Biomed. And Health Sci. Vol., 6, No 4 pp 229 – 233.
[7] Gonzales C, Rubio J, Gasco M, Nieto J, Sandra Y, Gonzales GF (2006): Effect of short-term and long-term treatments with three
ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on spermatogenesis in rats. Journal of Ethnnopharmacol. (103), 448 – 454.
[8] Krishnamoorthy P, Viathinathan S, Rani V, Bhuvaneswari A (2007): Effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on lipid
peroxidation and antioxidative system of testis of albino rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 6 (16), Pp 1888 – 1891.
[9] Kumar, Abbas, Fausto (1999): Pathology Bases of Disease, 7th edition, China: Elsevier Saunders, 122.
[10] Laing JA (1979): Fertility and infertility in domestic animals. 3rd edition 1979 Bailliere Tindall, a division of Cassell Lt.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effect of Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) On Haematological and Reproductive Parameters in Male Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Oyedeji K.O., Bolarinwa A.F, Ojeniran S.S.
	:	10.9790/3008-0466570

Abstract :Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a widely used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drugs. Several studies have reported the toxic, gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal effect of this drug, but there is scanty information on its effect on blood chemistry and reproduction in albino rats. This study was designed to investigate the effect of this drug on haematological and reproductive parameters in male albino rats. Paracetamol (7.5 mg/kg BW) was administered to the rats for 42 days (six weeks) for haematological and andrological study. Distilled water (0.5 ml) served as control. Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Total White Blood Cell (TWBC) counts were determined using haemocytometer. PCV was determined by micro-haematocrit method. Semen analyses were done microscopically. Data were analysed using student's t-test at p<0.05.
Keyword: Paracetamol, Albino rats, Red Blood Count, Total white blood count, Sperm motility.

[1] Adedapo AA, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo OO (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and biochemical
parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[2] Anderson BJ, Hollford NHG, Woolard GA (1998): Paracetamol plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in children. Br J
Clin Pharmacol; 46 : 237 – 43
[3] Baldessarini RJ (1980): In drugs and the treatment of psychiatriod disorders. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics Ed. By
Goodman and Gilman. Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc. pp. 301-417.
[4] Biu AA, Yusufu SD, Rabo JS (2009): Studies on the effects of aqueous leaf extracts of Neem Azadirachta indica on haematological
parameters in chicken. African scientist Vol. 10 No 4 pp 189 – 192.
[5] Bloom W, Fawcett DW (1975): Male reproductive system. In the textbook of Histology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[6] Bowman WC, Rand MJ (1985): The reproductive system and drugs affecting the reproductive systems. Textbook of pharmacology,
2nd edition, 20:1-8.
[7] Cramer DW, Harlow BL, Titus-Ernstoff L, Bohike K, Welch WR, Greenberg ER (1998): Over- the-counter analgesics and risk of
ovarian cancer. Lancet, 351: 104 – 7.
[8] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[9] Daly FF, Fountain JS, Murray L, Graudins A, Buckley NA (2008): "Guidelines for the management of paracetamol poisoning in
Australia and New Zealand – explanation and elaboration. A consensus statement from clinical toxicologists consulting to the
Australasian poisons information centres". Med. J. Aust. 188(5): 296 – 301.
[10] Daniel EI, Clement ON (2008): Effect of ethanolic extract of Dennettia tripetala fruit on haematological parameters in albino Wista
rats. Nigeria Journal of Physiological Sciences 23(1-2):13-17.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Effects Of Crude Extracts Of Portulaca Oleracea On Male Reproductive Functions In Albino Rats
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	K.O. Oyedeji, A.F. Bolarinwa
	:	10.9790/3008-0467179

Abstract :Portulaca oleraces is a shrub which is grown as a vegetable in many parts of the world. Many studies have reported the hypoxic nerve tissue protective, anti- inflammatory and wound-healing effects of its extracts, but there is scanty information on its effect on reproduction. This study was designed to investigate the effect of its aqueous and methanolic extracts on reproductive parameters in male albino rats. Aqueous and methanolic extracts are designated as AEPO and MEPO respectively. AEPO and MEPO were prepared using cold maceration. The extracts at various doses (25 mg/g, 50mg/kg and 75 mg/kg) were orally administered for 50 days. Distilled water (0.5ml) served as the control. Plasma testosterone levels were assayed using Enzyme-linted I(mmunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and semen analysis was done microscopically, histology of the testes was also done. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p< 0.05.
Keyword: Portulaca oleracea, Testosterone, sperm count, Albino rats, Sperm motility

[1] Ainslie JR (1937): The list of plants used in native medicine in Nigeria, Imp. Forest. Inst. Oxford Inst. Paper 7(mimeo).
[2] Baldessarini RJ (1980): In drugs and the treatment of psychiatriod disorders. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics Ed. By
Goodman and Gilman. Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc. pp. 301-417.
[3] Bloom W, Fawcett DW (1975): Male reproductive system. In the textbook of Histology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[4] Bowman WC, Rand MJ (1985): The reproductive system and drugs affecting the reproductive systems. Textbook of pharmacology,
2nd edition, 20:1-8.
[5] Burkill HM (1997): The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, vol.4. The Whitefriars Press Limited, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 IQR,
Great Britain.
[6] Christensen AC (1975): Leydig cell: In: Handbook of Physiology, edited by P.O. Greep and E.B. Astwoods. Washington D C
American Physiological Society.
[7] Das UK, De D, Chatterjee K, Mallick C, Bera TK, Ghosh D (2009): Antigonadal effect induced by hydro-methanolic extract of leaf
of Aelgle mermelos in male rat: Effect of hCG co-administration. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(10), Pp728 – 735.
[8] Gonzales C, Rubio J, Gasco M, Nieto J, Sandra Y, Gonzales GF (2006): Effect of short-term and long-term treatments with three
ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on spermatogenesis in rats. Journal of Ethnnopharmacol. (103), 448 – 454.
[9] Gupta RS, Kumar P, Dixit VP, Dobhal MP (2000): Antifertiliy studies of the root extract of the Barleria prionitis in male albino
rats with special reference to testicular cell population dynamics. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 70:111-17.
[10] Gupta RS, Yadav R, Dixit VP, Dobhal MP (2001): Antifertility studies of Colebrookia oppositifolia leaf extract in male rats with
special reference to testicular cell population dynamics. Fitoterapia 72(3): 236-45.

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