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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Assay of Desmopressin in nasal spray by HPLC – UV detector with one Isocratic pump and system set – up
Country	:	iraq
Authors	:	Hazim Hamid Hamdu
	:	10.9790/3008-0510106

Abstract: The aim of this study was to apply high performance liquid chromatography – UV detector to determine desmopressin in pharmaceutical preparation using one pump (isocratic pump) and ODS, 5um column. And Mobil phase acetonitrile: N, N diethyl formamide in ratio of 85:15 which show good quantitative and qualitative analysis in desmopressin acetate nasal spray (Cipla LTD INDIA) New controlled condition for setting-up the system to get a result with high resolution was shown in this study.
Key words: desmopressin, HPLC method , isocratic pump and system set-up

[1] Sanofi – Aventis DDAVP (Desmopressin acetate) nasal spray prescribing information Bringwater, NJ; 2007 Jul.
[2] JE Kaufmann, A Oksche, CB Wollheim. Vasopressin – induced von willebrand factor secretion from endothelial cells in volves V2
receptor and c AMP. Jclin invest . 2000 Jul, 106(1); 107-116.
[3] L Bagher, T ozra, S Akbar. Comparison of desmopressin (DDAVP) tablet and intranasal spray in the treatment of diabetes insipidus
Daur 2005; Vol 13. No 4 page 155.
[4] USP 32-NF 27 page 35 pharmacopial form; volume no. 34(6) page1531.
[5] GL Robertson, EA Mahr, S Athar. Development and clinical application of anew method for the radio immunoassay of arginine
vasopressin in human plasma. J clin. Invest. 1973 sep, 52(9): 2340-2352
[6] TE Bridges, NA Thorn. The physiology of vasopressin release and the pathogenesis of imparedwater excretion in adrenal thyroid
and edematous dis order. J Endocr.1979; 48, 265
[7] E Ilan, S Aqmselem, M Weisspapir. Improved oral delivery of desmopressin via a novel vehicle: mmcoadhesire Submicron
emulsion. Pharm Res. 1996; 13(7): 1083-7
[8] I.B Reinhard, TW Milton. Curvent protocols in molecular biology. (2001) 10.12.1-10.12.9 (copy right 2001 by John Wiley and sons
inc).
[9] W Mathnias, K Roland, H Klaus. Insect biochemistry and moleculere biology. 2000; (30). 711-718.
[10] D.W Jadwiga, A Wileznska, S Andrzej. Determination of the content of desmopressin in pharmaceutical preparations by HPLC and validation of the method. Actapoloniac pharmaceutica – Durg Research 59(3), 2002 PP.163-168.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	An Initial Survey on Insect Associated Mites of South Bengal
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Ananya Das, Salil K. Gupta
	:	10.9790/3008-0510708

Abstract :A preliminary study related to mites associated in the insects is given in this article. Ten species of mites under nine families collected from six orders of insects from South Bengal are reported here giving collection data and biological information.
Keyword: Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Insects, Lepidoptera, Mites, Odonata, South Bengal

[1] Hunter, P.E. and Rossario, R.M.T. (1998), Associations of Mesostigmata with other arthropods, Ann.Rev.Ent.33.319.
[2] Ramaraju, K. & Mohanasundaram, M. (1998), New phoretic mites (Acari; Chaetodactylidae) on carpenter bees from Tamil Nadu,
India, Internat. J. Acarol. 27 (2), 107-112
[3] Ramaraju, K. & Mohanasundaram, M. (1999), A new hypopus of Calvolia longireticulatae sp.nov. (Acari; Winterschmidtiidae)
from Tamil Nadu, India J.Ent. Res. 23(1), 47-49
[4] Ramaraju, K. 2009 Biodiversity of mites associated with insects in Western Ghats, GOI-MOEF Project. Annual progress report
2008-2009, Department of Agricultural Entomology, Center for plant protection studies, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Univer sity,
Coimbatore 641003, 53

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	The effect of He-Ne Laser and UVC irradiation on sperm head morphology and DNA of testis for albino mice(Mus musculus)
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Shayma`a Jamal Ahmed(Ph.D), Al-Siaidy W. F (Ph.D), Rawah. A. Faraj (M. Sc.)
	:	10.9790/3008-0510913

Abstract :In vitro, He-Ne laser show a modifying response of cells to ionizing radiations. So there is a need to investigate this property in vivo.To investigate the effect of He-Ne laser (632.8nm) pre and post irradiation against the UVC (253.7nm) irradiation in vivo on the sperm morphology, and DNA of testis in Mouse. In this study Twenty adult albino male mice were divided into four groups, the first group was He-Ne laser irradiated, and the second group was UVC irradiated. The third group was pre-irradiated by He-Ne laser followed by UVC irradiation, with one hour time interval between the two irradiations. The fourth group was pre-irradiated by UVC then by He-Ne laser, with one hour separating the two irradiations.
Keyword: He-Ne Laser, UVC irradiation, sperm head morphology, DNA.

[1] R.F. Lyon, R.P. Abergel, R.A. White., R.M .Dwyer, J.C. Castel & J. Uitto Biostimulation of wound healing in vivo by a Helium-Neon Laser. Ann Plast Surg. 9 (1987):1-5.
[2] T.I .Karu. Photobiology of Low-power Laser effect. Healthy Phys. 56(1989): 691-704.
[3] T.I. Karu, L. Pxatibrat & G. Kalendo. Irradiation with He-We Laser can influence the cytotoxic response of Hela cells to ionizing radiation. Int. Radiat. Biol.65(6)(1994):691-697.
[4] K. SH. Voskan Yan, N.V. Simonan, Ts. H. Avakyan& A. G. Arutunyan. Effect of He-Ne Laser radiation on X-radiation sensitivity of Escherichia coli K-12 cells. Radiobiology. 25(1985):557-559.
[5] R. Kohli, P.K. Gupta & A. Dube. He-Ne Laser pre-irradiation induced protection against UVC radiation in will E. coli strains K12AB1152. J. Radiat. Res., B: Biology; 153(2000):181-185, India.
[6] A. Pube, C. Bock, E. Bauer, R. Kohli, P.K.Gupta & K.O. Gveulich. He-Ne Laser irradiation protects B-Lymphoblast from UVA- induced damage. Radiat. Environ. Biophys;40.(2000):77-82.
[7] R. Kohli & P.K. Gupta. Irradiance dependence of He-Ne Laser- induced protection against UVC radiation in Escherichia coli strains . J. Photochemistry & Photobiology, B: Biology. 69(2003):161-167.
[8] J.H.Taha, F.S Al-Ani., W.F Al-Siaidy. Protection properties of He-We Laser (632.8 nm) against UV- light (253,7 nm) on the Lymphocytes blood cells and its DNA . J. Fac. Med. Baghdad 54(3)(2012):247-251.
[9] P.E.Hockberger. A history of ultraviolet photobiology for humans , animals and microorganisms. J. Photochemistry & Photobiology; 76(6) (2002):561-579.
[10] A. Wojcik, A.Bochenek, A. Lankoff, H. Lisowska, A. Pasjas, I. Szumiel, C.V. Sonntag & G. Obe. DNA interstrand cross links are induced in cells pre labeled with 5- bromo-2 deoxyuridine and exposed to UVC radiation, J. photochem.& Photobio.B:Biology 84(2006):15-20.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Study effects of Cumin and DNA profile in diabetic Rats
Country	:	Iraq
Authors	:	Shayma`a J. Ahmed, Rawah. A. Faraj, Mahera N. Al-Shaikh
	:	10.9790/3008-0511416

Abstract :Recently , herbs have been used as food and for medicinal purposes and have been an exponential growth in the field of herbal medicine and these drags. Many of the oral antidibetic agents have a number of serious adverse effects , thus , managing without any side effects is still a challenge . Therefore, the search for many effective and safer hypoglycemic agents has continued to be an Important area of investigation. Besides drug classically used for the treatment of diabetes ( insulin , sulphonylureas , biguanides and thazolidinediones ), several species of plants have been described in the scientific and popular literatures having a hypoglycemic activity and this activity may be due to its antioxidant properties , flavonoids are commonly found in all plants and also posses hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities . Because of their perceived effectiveness, minimal side effects in clinical experience and relatively low cast , herbal drugs are prescribed widely even when their biological active compounds are unknown. One of these herbs is cumin which is a a pale green in color and elliptical in shape in shape with deep furrows, it is a hot, nutty flavored spice. Cumin seed was once widely used for flavoring in Europe , it is much employed in India, and it is used as a flavor in cakes and bread. Cumin is an aromatic, astringent herb that benefits the digestion and acts as stimulant to the sexual organ and improves liver function.
Keyword: Cumin, damage to DNA, diabetic, DNA profile, rats.

[1] S.S.Shirke & P. Jagtap.Effects of methanolic extract of Cuminum cyminum on total serum cholesterol in ovariectomized rats. Indian J.Pharmcol. 41(2), 2009 ,92-93.
[2] Dr.Dukes, Phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases. Available from: http://www.drdukes.com/. [last accessed on 2005 Jan 24]
[3] T. Malini & G. Vanithakumari, Estrogenic activity of Cuminum cyminum in rats. Indian J Exp Biol., 25, 1987,442–4.
[4] S.Dhandapani , VR.Subramanian, S. Rajgopal & Namasivayam N., Hipolipedemic effect of Cuminum cyminum L. on alloxan induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol Res.,46,2002 ,251–5.
[5] C . Rosak, When diet and oral antidiabetics are no longer enough. Optimal management of the diabetic patient with insulin MMW Fortschr Med., 144, 2002 ,28-34.
[6] J. R. Colca, Insulin sensitizers may present metabolic inflammation. Biochem.Pharmacol.,72, 2006 ,125-131.
[7] B.Sharna, G . Viswanath & R . Salunke , Effect of flavonoid – rich extract from seeds of Euggenia gambolana ( L .) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in diabetic mice . Food Chem., 110, 2008 , 697-705.
[8] V. Ani, & K. A. Naidu, Bitter cumin contains high levels of antioxidants and protects against DNA damage News Medical . October 2, 2o12.
[9] T.Ohno, j.Kitoh, K. Yamashita, Y. Ichikawa & F. Horio, Toxin – induced IDDM ( insulin dependent diabetes mellituse ) in the musk shrew , Life – Sci . 63 (6), 1998 , 455-62 .
[10] G. A. Y. Martens, S. Cai, , G. Hinke, M. V. Stange & C. Pipeleers , Glucose suppresses superoxide generation in metabolically responsive pancreatic β- cells . J . Biol . Chem. ,280, 2005,20389-20396 .

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Adolescents Girls in Srinagar City
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Dr. Naheed Vaida
	:	10.9790/3008-0511727

Abstract :The present study entitled "Prevalence of Eating Disorders in Adolescent girls in Srinagar city" was carried out in Srinagar. 100 adolescent girls from 5 schools, 20 from each, were selected randomly for the study. They were assessed through a structured questionnaire based on DSM IV criteria. It was found that the prevalence of eating disorders in our part of the world is very less as compared to the west as none of the adolescent girls in our study satisfied all the four criteria necessary for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. However, about 30% of the adolescent girls satisfied two and 6% satisfied up to three criterias. As per the results obtained it was found that the mean weight of the sample was 47.90 kg with standard deviation of 6.36. Twenty three percent (23%) of the sample had weight less than 80% of expected for their age i.e. were malnourished.
Keyword: Eating disorder, Adolescents, Anorexia nervosa, BMI

[1] Alantar, Z. (2008), Eating disorders in the context of attachment theory, Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry (Anadolu Psikiyatri
Dergisi), vol 9(2).pp97-104.
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nervosa Am J Psychiatry, 142(5):581-7.
[3] Grigg M, Bowman J, Redman S (2002). The disordered eating and unhealthy weight reduction practices among adolescent females,
Med J. 95(9):1032.
[4] Hoyt, W. D., & Kogan, L. R. (2001). Satisfaction with body image and peer relationships for males and females in a college
environment. Sex Roles, 45, 199–215.
[5] Kaltiala-Heino R, Rissanen A, Rimpela M, Rantanen P, Encephale (1989). Bulimia and Bulimic behaviour in middle adolescnece:
more common tha thought Acta Psychiatr Scand, Jul; 1009-10:33-9.
[6] Killen et al, Risk factor for the developmetn of eating disorders, Ministry of Health New Zealand 1998 in eating disorders Review
Part I (Stephen Wonderich Janes E, Radcliffe Publishing Page.73)
[7] Lowe SG, Miles SW, Richards CG. (1985) Eating Attitudes in an Adolescnet School Girl Population, New Zealand Medican
Journal, 330-331.
[8] Mammen P, Russel S, Russel PS (2007). Prevalence of Eating Disorders ad Psychiatric Co-Morbidity among Children and
Adolescents, Indian Pediatrics , (44), 357-359.
[9] Massey-Stokes (2000), Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 1(260).
[10] Neumark-Sztainer D, Wall M, Guo J, Story M, Haines J, Eisenberg M (2006). The Obesity, disordered eating and eating disorders, J Am Diet Assoc 106(4):523-5.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Ultrasonographic Study of Femur Length in Fetuses of North Indian Women
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Nishtha Singh, P. K. Sharma, A. K. Singh
	:	10.9790/3008-0512831

Abstract :To identify and adequately manage cases of growth restriction and preterm delivery in a timely manner should be considered a public health priority, especially in developing countries. Fetal growth differs not only between individuals but also between populations. The purpose of this prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was to construct new reference charts and equations for fetal femur length in relation to menstrual age, in North Indian women with normal singleton pregnancies. 1081 pregnant women were scanned using real-time transabdominal ultrasonogram, 947 women fitted the inclusion criteria. Mean ± sd was computed and compared with available data of other population using t-test. Regression equation was calculated and the predicted femur length was compared with available data of other studies. The results suggest that fetal growth with respect to femur length may not be adequately assessed by using reference charts obtained from other populations. We have created new reference ranges for fetal femur length in North Indian population.
Keyword: Fetal femur length, Gestational age, Regression equation

[1] G. D. O'Brien and J. T. Queenan, Growth of the ultrasound fetal femur length during normal pregnancy. Part I, American Journal of
Obstetrics and Gynecology, 141(7), 1981, 833-837.
[2] F. P. Hadlock, R. B. Harrist, R. L. Deter and S. K. Park, Fetal femur length as a predictor of menstrual age: sonographically measured, American Journal of Roentgenology, 138 (5), 1982, 875-878.
[3] P. Jeanty, C. Kirkpatrick, M. Dramaix-Wilmet, J. Struyven, Ultrasonic evaluation of fetal limb growth; Radiology, 140(1), 1981, 165- 8.
[4] T. N. Leung, M. W. Pang,S. S. Daljit, T.Y. Leung, C. F. Poon, S. M. Wong, T. K. Lau, Fetal biometry in ethnic Chinese: biparietal
diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol, 31, 2008, 321–327.
[5] Pam Loughna, Lyn Chitty, Tony Evans, Trish Chudleigh. Fetal size and dating: charts recommended for clinical obstetric practice.
Ultrasound, 17(3),2009, 161-167.
[6] Tamy Shohat, Orly Romano-Zelekha. Ultrasonographic measurements of fetal femur length and biparietal diameter in an Israeli
population. IMAJ, 3, 2001,166-168.
[7] Shahida Zaidi, Khalid Shehzad, Amir Omair. Sonographic foetal measurements in a cohort of population of Karachi, Pakistan.
Journal of Pak Med Assoc, 59 (4), 2009, 246-249.
[8] Piyamas Saksiriwuttho, Thawalwong Ratanasiri, Ratana Komwilaisak Fetal Biometry Charts for Normal Pregnant Women in
Northeastern Thailand. J Med Assoc Thailand, 90 (10), 2007, 1963-1969
[9] R. J. M. Snijders and K. H. Nicolaides, Fetal biometry at 14-40 weeks gestation. Ultrasound obstet. Gynecol.,4, 1994, 34-48.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Clinical Activity of SAAAB and HAABS Dietary Supplement on Hepatitis C and B Markers
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Amodu B, Itodo S.E
	:	10.9790/3008-0513237

Abstract :Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection is not uncommon as a result of similar routes of infection. Patients who are coinfected represent a unique group with diverse serologic profiles. Combined chronic hepatitis B and C leads to more severe liver disease and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, coinfected patients represent a treatment challenge but the liver can be toned by some herbal extracts to an extent of making hepatitis C becomes infinitesimal and render hepatitis B markers anergic. The herbal extracts are basically poly herbal preparation with Vernonia amygdalina as it active ingredient which is believed to strengthen the immune system through many cytokines and chemokines regulations. With the abundant presence of tannins, phlobatannins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins and cardiac glycosides, which are the most important bioactive constituents of medicinal plants, the poly herbal preparation is able to reverse hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg) reactive to HBeAg non reactive and makes the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus anergic within a span of three (3) weeks.
Keyword: Treatment, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, HBV/HCV Coinfection, Vernonia amygdalina

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hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with compensated viral cirrhosis. Cancer. 1999;85:2132–7. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-
0142(19990515)85:10<2132::AID-CNCR6>3.0.CO;2-H. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
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1995;2:39–45. [PubMed]
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[PubMed] [Cross Ref]
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[7] Atanasova MV, Haydouchka IA, Zlatev SP, Stoilova YD, Iliev YT, Mateva NG. Prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus
and hepatitis B coinfection in healthy population in Bulgaria. A seroepidemiological study. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol.
2004;50:89–96. [PubMed]
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9139(95)90615-0. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
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clinical burden of chronic hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus infection. A multicenter Italian study. J Hepatol. 2003;39:1036–41. doi:
10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00470-7. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
[10] Zignego AL, Fontana R, Puliti S, Barbagli S, Monti M, Careccia G, Giannelli F, Giannini C, Buzzelli G, Brunetto MR, et al.
Relevance of inapparent coinfection by hepatitis B virus in alpha interferon-treated patients with hepatitis C virus chronic hepatitis.
J Med Virol. 1997;51:313–8. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<313::AID-JMV9>3.0.CO;2-8. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Daabs-2r: A Novel Ethnomedicinal Polyherbal Formulation For The Management Of Diabetes Mellitus.
Country	:	Nigeria
Authors	:	Amodu A , Itodo S.E
	:	10.9790/3008-0513841

Abstract :Being aware of the Panorama the Continuous use of ineffective pharmaceuticals whose side effects outweigh the beneficial effects poses on diabetics, it becomes pertinent that halting these side effects associated with these conceivably orthodox medicaments needs to be a global priority, one of such ways is to return to the natural products.
Keyword: Natural products, DAABS-2, Streptozotocin, Diabetics, Ethnomedicinal

[1] Akbarzadeh A, Norouzian D, Mehrabi MR, Jamshidi S, Farhangi A, Allah A, Mofidian S, Lame Rad B (2007) Induction of diabetes
by streptozotocin in rats. IJCB 22: 60-64.
[2] Brosky G, Logothetopoulos J (1969) Streptozotocin diabetes in the mouse and guinea pig. Diabetes 8: 606-611.
[3] Elias D, Prigozin H, Polak N, Rapoport M, Lohse A W, Cohen I R (1994) Autoimmune diabetes induced by the b-Cell toxin STZ.
Diabetes 43: 992-8.
[4] Gäbel H, Bitter-Suermann H, Henriksson C, Säve-Söderbergh J, Lundholm K, Brynger H (1985) Streptozotocin diabetes in juvenile
pigs. Evaluation of an experimental model. Horm Metab Res 17:275-280.
[5] Ganda OP, Rossi AA, Like AA (1976) Studies on streptozotocin diabetes. Diabetes 25: 595- 603.
[6] Hayashi K, Kojima R, Ito M (2006) Strain differences in the diabetogenic activity of streptozotocin in mice. Biol Pharmaceut Bull
29: 1110-1119.
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have different effects on the in vivo glucose uptake by peripheral tissues in their female adult offspring. J Nutr 127:1371-6.
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[10] Ito M (1999) New model of progressive non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in mice induced by Streptozotocin. Biol Pharmaceut Bull 22: 988-989.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	CNS Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Solanum Pubescens in Experimental Animal Model
Country	:	India
Authors	:	R. Deepika1, Hemamalini. K, G Shashi Priya, Dr. Uma Vasireddy
	:	10.9790/3008-0514851

Abstract :The aim of this present study is to investigate central nervous system activity of the methanol extract of leaves of Solanum pubescens in Swiss Albino mice and Wistar albino rats. Solanum pubescens is a traditional medicine plant for the treatment of Hypoglycemic, Anti-bacterial & Anti-HIV activities. The work reached the acute toxicity studies solanum pubescens and its action on the central nervous system, because no data in the literature have been found of pharmacological activity of this plant in the central nervous system. The leaves was extracted with methanol and investigated for its central nervous system activity of Albino mice in Rota-rod and Actophotometer at the dose level of 300mg/kg. The extract exhibited significant central nervous system activity. This study established central nervous system activity in Solanum pubescens leaves. It has been concluded that methanolic extract of Solanum pubescens exhibited Anxiolytic, Myorelaxant & Anti-depressant activity.
Keyword: Solanum pubescens, Anti-anxiety, Anti-depressants, Myorelaxant.

[1] K. Hemamalini, P. Ashok, G. Sunny, S. Kumarreddy, G. Ganesh, K. Santhoshini, K. Rashmita, P.Priyanka, Y.Jayasri, T. Vishwanath, Uma Vasi Reddy, "Gastro protective activity of Gymnosporia emerginata, Solanum pubescens and Anigeissus accuminata leaf extra ct against ethanol induced gastric mucosal injury in rats". International Journal of Pharmacy Biomed. Res 2011; 2(1) 38-42.
[2] J.B. Harbone, phyto chemical methods, a guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, (chapman and Hall, London, 1973) pp-1-271.
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Allelopathic effect of different concentration of water extract of Argemone mexicana L. on seed germination and seedling growth of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench
Country	:	India
Authors	:	C. Alagesaboopathi
	:	10.9790/3008-0515255

Abstract : Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effects of the water extract of Argemone mexicana L. on the seed germination, plumule length, radicle length, fresh and dry weight in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench). The allelopathic potentialities of leaf extracts of A.mexicana decreased the seed germination of Sorghum bicolor with raise of extracts concentration. The extracts also inhibited in plumule and radicle length of Sorghum bicolor seedlings with heighten of A.mexicana extracts concentration. The conclusion revealed that the inhibitory and stimulatory determine might be due to the presence of these allelochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins and flavonoids etc., in the aqueous leaf extracts of A.mexicana from the present study. Hence, it could be concluded that the leaf aqueous extract contain watersoluble allelochemicals. Which could inhibit seed germination; reduce plumule and radicle length of Sorghum. It is recommended that Sorghum should not be planted near to Argemone mexicana due antagonistic effects on its development.
Keyword: Allelopathic effect, Argemone mexicana, seed germination, seedling growth, Sorghum bicolor.

[1] Abdul Raoof, K.M. and Siddiqui, M.B. (2012). Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of different parts of Tinospora cordifolia
(Willd.) Miers on some weed plants. J.Agri.Ext. Rural Dev. 4(6):115-119.
[2] Alagesaboopathi, C. (2009). Ethnomedicinal plants and their utilization by villagers in Kumaragiri Hills of Salem district of
Tamilnadu, India. Aft. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 6(3), 222-227.
[3] Alagesaboopathi, C. (2010). Allelopathic effects of Centella asiatica aqueous extracts on Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides L.)
and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.). Pak.J.Weed.Sci.Res.16:67-71.
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Citation
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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Method Development And Validation Of Valacyclovir In Bulk& Tablet Dosage Form By Rphplc Method
Country	:	India
Authors	:	Sheetal Ramya Lahari.N.A.
	:	10.9790/3008-0515675

Abstract : A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) has been developed for the estimation of valacyclovir in bulk drug and pharmaceutical dosage form. The method is carried out using C8 agilent zorbax column 150cm x 4.6mm x 5micron and mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer at pH 3.0: water : methanol (50:50 % v/v), at flow rate of 1 mL/min. The column temperature is 25°C. Eluents were monitored by UV detector set at 253 nm. The method was statistically validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision,systemsuitability and robustness in accordance with ICH guidelines.Linear regression analysis data for the calibration plot showed that there was a linear relationship between response and concentration in the range of 20-150 mcg/ml and the correlation coefficient is 0.9999.The retention time found to be 2.02min. Literature survey reveals analytical methods for the estimation of Valacyclovir from pharmaceutical dosage forms and also in biological fluids. The proposed method was found to be simple, precise, accurate, rapid and reproducible for the estimation of valacyclovir in bulk drug and tablet.
Keyword: Valacyclovir, RP-HPLC Method,Validation,Linearity.

Journal Papers:
[1] Stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method for valacyclovir K.Srinivasa Rao*and M. Sunil Roland Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Berhampur-760010, Orissa (India).International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA):
IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.1, No.3 , pp 702-708, July-Sept 2009
[2] A Validated Specific Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Valacyclovir in the Presence of its
Degradation Products in Bulk Drug and in Tablet Dosage Form G. D. Patil1P. G. Yeole1, Manisha Puranik1 and S. J. Wadher1*
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Borgaon (Meghe), Wardha 442001,
Maharashtra, India. International Journal of ChemTech Research ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.1,No.1,pp 16-26, Jan – March 2009.
[3] UV Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Valacyclovir HCl in Tablet Dosage Form, E-Journal of Chemistry Volume 6
(2009), Issue 3, Pages 814-818 doi:10.1155/2009/546187
Books:
[4] ICH: Q2B, Analytical Validation – Methodology (November 1996).
[5] ICH: Q2A, Text on validation of analytical procedure (October 1994).
[6] ICH Q2 (R1), Validation of Analytical Procedures Text and Methodology November 2005.

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Paper Type	:	Research Paper
Title	:	Role of epigenetic modifications in stem cell regulatory regions (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and cancer
Country	:	Pakistan
Authors	:	Mahira Arooj, Faiza Abdul Rashid, Asma Gul
	:	10.9790/3008-0517681

Abstract : Epigenetics is the study which involves the modifications in gene expression without changes in DNA nucleotide sequences. Methylation of DNA and chromatin remodeling through histone proteins are believed to be the most crucial epigenetic changes. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are also shown to mediate the epigenetic gene regulation in mammals.DNA methylation can activate or inhibit the differentiation of stem cells by affecting the regulatory regions of its developmental genes like Oct4, Nanog and Sox2. In cancer, mutations in genetic as well as epigenetic elements play a vital role. The epigenetic changes in cancer are distinct in that they can be therapeutically reversed more easily. Aberrant DNA methylation (hypomethylation, hypermethylation) has its role at the molecular level in a number of cancers. This review will provide an insight into the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of stem cell specific genes Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, alongwith the epigenetic modifications leading to cancer.
Keywords: Cancer epigenetics, DNA methylation, Epigenetics, Histone modifications, Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog, Stem cells.

[1] N. Mitsuyoshi, Epigenetics interaction of DNA methylation and chromatin, Gene, 278, 2001, 25–31.
[2] K. Shabana, A. Pranapda, K. Ikhlas, W. Larry and D. Asok, Epigenetic events associated with breast cancer and their prevention by
dietary components targeting the epigenome, Chemical Research in Toxicology, 25, 2011, 61–73.
[3] S. Carla, V. Thomas, M. Rabih and H. Zdenko, Epigenetic drivers and genetic passengers on the road to cancer, Mutation
Research, 642, 2008, 1–13.
[4] R. Jaenisch and A. Bird, Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals,
Nat Genet, 33, 2003, 245–54.
[5] L. Alexander, B. Francesc and G. Ajay, Cancer chemoprevention by dietary polyphenols: Promising role for epigenetics,
Biochemical Pharmacology, 80, 2010, 1771–1792.
[6] B.H. Ramsahoye, D. Biniszkiewicz, F. Lyko, V. Clark, A.P. Bird and R.Jaenisch, Non-CpG methylation is prevalent in embryonic
stem cells and may be mediated by DNA methyltransferase 3a, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 2000, 5237– 5242.
[7] G. Oliver, G. James, Herman and B.B. Stephen, The fundamental role of epigenetics, Blood Reviews, 20, 2006, 1–13.
[8] A. Bird, DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory, Genes and Development, 16(1), 2002, 6–21.
[9] T.Kouzarides, Chromatin modifications and their function, Cell, 128(4), 2007, 693–705.
[10] H. Martin and A. Marco, Epigenetics and human disease, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 41, 2009, 136– 146.

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